Þul Women 1III
Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Heiti for women 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 992.
notes
[1] braut es svarri ok sæta ‘the haughty woman and the grass-widow are away’: The U variant sværa ‘mother-in-law’ for sæta ‘grass-widow’ is probably not correct, because it transfers the skothending from the initial position in the line (-aut : ‑æt-) to the second stressed syllable (svarri), thus violating the strict order in the distribution of rhyming syllables in the odd lines of this stanza. That may support Konráð Gíslason’s assumption (Nj 1875-89, II, 900) that svarri replaced another designation for ‘haughty woman’, namely, svanni ‘lady’ (thus the original reading of the line could have been Braut es svanni ok sæta). Otherwise it is impossible to explain why the former heiti appears twice in the same stanza (cf. svarri l. 7: snót ok svarra).
es ‘are’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
notes
[1, 2] es; sveimar ‘are; are wandering about’: Lit. ‘is; is wandering about’. For pl. subjects with sg. verbs, see NS §70. What is peculiar in this stanza (and in the next) is the close proximity between the sg. finite verbs and their pl. subjects. — [1] braut es svarri ok sæta ‘the haughty woman and the grass-widow are away’: The U variant sværa ‘mother-in-law’ for sæta ‘grass-widow’ is probably not correct, because it transfers the skothending from the initial position in the line (-aut : ‑æt-) to the second stressed syllable (svarri), thus violating the strict order in the distribution of rhyming syllables in the odd lines of this stanza. That may support Konráð Gíslason’s assumption (Nj 1875-89, II, 900) that svarri replaced another designation for ‘haughty woman’, namely, svanni ‘lady’ (thus the original reading of the line could have been Braut es svanni ok sæta). Otherwise it is impossible to explain why the former heiti appears twice in the same stanza (cf. svarri l. 7: snót ok svarra).
es ‘are’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
notes
[1, 2] es; sveimar ‘are; are wandering about’: Lit. ‘is; is wandering about’. For pl. subjects with sg. verbs, see NS §70. What is peculiar in this stanza (and in the next) is the close proximity between the sg. finite verbs and their pl. subjects. — [1] braut es svarri ok sæta ‘the haughty woman and the grass-widow are away’: The U variant sværa ‘mother-in-law’ for sæta ‘grass-widow’ is probably not correct, because it transfers the skothending from the initial position in the line (-aut : ‑æt-) to the second stressed syllable (svarri), thus violating the strict order in the distribution of rhyming syllables in the odd lines of this stanza. That may support Konráð Gíslason’s assumption (Nj 1875-89, II, 900) that svarri replaced another designation for ‘haughty woman’, namely, svanni ‘lady’ (thus the original reading of the line could have been Braut es svanni ok sæta). Otherwise it is impossible to explain why the former heiti appears twice in the same stanza (cf. svarri l. 7: snót ok svarra).
svarri ‘The haughty woman’
(not checked:)
svarri (noun m.; °-a): (proud) lady
notes
[1] braut es svarri ok sæta ‘the haughty woman and the grass-widow are away’: The U variant sværa ‘mother-in-law’ for sæta ‘grass-widow’ is probably not correct, because it transfers the skothending from the initial position in the line (-aut : ‑æt-) to the second stressed syllable (svarri), thus violating the strict order in the distribution of rhyming syllables in the odd lines of this stanza. That may support Konráð Gíslason’s assumption (Nj 1875-89, II, 900) that svarri replaced another designation for ‘haughty woman’, namely, svanni ‘lady’ (thus the original reading of the line could have been Braut es svanni ok sæta). Otherwise it is impossible to explain why the former heiti appears twice in the same stanza (cf. svarri l. 7: snót ok svarra).
ok ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
notes
[1] braut es svarri ok sæta ‘the haughty woman and the grass-widow are away’: The U variant sværa ‘mother-in-law’ for sæta ‘grass-widow’ is probably not correct, because it transfers the skothending from the initial position in the line (-aut : ‑æt-) to the second stressed syllable (svarri), thus violating the strict order in the distribution of rhyming syllables in the odd lines of this stanza. That may support Konráð Gíslason’s assumption (Nj 1875-89, II, 900) that svarri replaced another designation for ‘haughty woman’, namely, svanni ‘lady’ (thus the original reading of the line could have been Braut es svanni ok sæta). Otherwise it is impossible to explain why the former heiti appears twice in the same stanza (cf. svarri l. 7: snót ok svarra).
notes
[1] braut es svarri ok sæta ‘the haughty woman and the grass-widow are away’: The U variant sværa ‘mother-in-law’ for sæta ‘grass-widow’ is probably not correct, because it transfers the skothending from the initial position in the line (-aut : ‑æt-) to the second stressed syllable (svarri), thus violating the strict order in the distribution of rhyming syllables in the odd lines of this stanza. That may support Konráð Gíslason’s assumption (Nj 1875-89, II, 900) that svarri replaced another designation for ‘haughty woman’, namely, svanni ‘lady’ (thus the original reading of the line could have been Braut es svanni ok sæta). Otherwise it is impossible to explain why the former heiti appears twice in the same stanza (cf. svarri l. 7: snót ok svarra).
sveimar ‘are wandering about’
(not checked:)
sveima (verb): surge
notes
[1, 2] es; sveimar ‘are; are wandering about’: Lit. ‘is; is wandering about’. For pl. subjects with sg. verbs, see NS §70. What is peculiar in this stanza (and in the next) is the close proximity between the sg. finite verbs and their pl. subjects.
rýgr ‘the mighty woman’
(not checked:)
rýgr (noun f.): housewife
ok ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
feima ‘the lass’
(not checked:)
feima (noun f.): lass
brúðrs ‘the bride has gone’
(not checked:)
brúðr (noun f.; °brúðar, dat. & acc. brúði; brúðir): woman, bride
í ‘’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
fǫr ‘travelling’
(not checked:)
fǫr (noun f.): journey, fate; movement
með ‘with’
(not checked:)
með (prep.): with
fljóði ‘the matron’
(not checked:)
fljóð (noun n.): woman
fatk ‘I did’
drós ‘the girl’
(not checked:)
drós (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): lady
ok ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
man ‘the maid’
(not checked:)
man (noun n.): girl
kjósa ‘choose’
(not checked:)
kjósa (verb): choose
Þekkik ‘I catch sight of’
(not checked:)
1. þekkja (verb): perceive, know
sprund ‘the dame’
(not checked:)
sprund (noun f.): woman
ok ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
sprakka ‘lively one’
(not checked:)
sprakki (noun m.): woman, lively one
sparik ‘I refrain’
(not checked:)
2. spara (verb): spare, withhold
við ‘with’
(not checked:)
2. við (prep.): with, against
hæl ‘the widow’
at ‘from’
(not checked:)
5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
mæla ‘talking’
(not checked:)
1. mæla (verb): speak, say
firrumk ‘I am shunning’
(not checked:)
2. firra (verb): keep (from), remove
snót ‘snót’
(not checked:)
snót (noun f.; °; -ir): woman
ok ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
svarra ‘the haughty woman’
(not checked:)
svarri (noun m.; °-a): (proud) lady
svífr ‘am drifting’
(not checked:)
svífa (verb): sweep
mér ‘I’
(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
langt ‘far away’
(not checked:)
langr (adj.; °compar. lengri, superl. lengstr): long
[8] langt: lang U
frá ‘from’
(not checked:)
frá (prep.): from
vífi ‘the wife’
(not checked:)
víf (noun n.): woman, wife
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Braut es svarri ok sæta; |
The haughty woman and the grass-widow are away; the mighty woman and the lass are wandering about; the bride has gone travelling with the matron; I did choose the girl and the maid. I catch sight of the dame and lively one; I refrain from talking with the widow; I am shunning snót and the haughty woman; I am drifting far away from the wife.
Each term for ‘woman’ given in this stanza is listed in Þul Kvenna I as well. For specific information concerning these heiti, see Notes there.
Stanza/chapter/text segment
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
Information tab
- text: if the stanza has been published, the edited text of the stanza and translation are here; if it hasn't been published an old edition (usually Skj) is given for reference
- sources: a list of the manuscripts or inscriptions containing this stanza, with page and line references and links (eye button) to images where available, and transcription where available
- readings: a list of variant manuscript readings of words in the main text
- editions and texts: a list of editions of the stanza with links to the bibliography; and a list of prose works in which the stanza occurs, allowing you to navigate within the prose context
- notes and context: notes not linked to individual words are given here, along with the account of the prose context for the stanza, where relevant
Interactive tab
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
Full text tab
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
Chapter/text segment
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.