Kennings — Sturla Þórðarson Hrafnsmál
This site is in progress and should not be referenced in research publications.
-
Sturl Hrafn 1II
háleitan glymrstœrir glyggs geira
‘the sublime din-increaser of the storm of spears’ = WARRIOR
the storm of spears → BATTLE
the sublime din-increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIORwarrior
2.5.1. increaser / strengthener of battle -
Sturl Hrafn 1II
glygg geira
‘of the storm of spears’ = BATTLE
the storm of spears → BATTLEbattle
1.1.1.3. storm/wind of spears -
Sturl Hrafn 1II
jarðbelti
‘of the earth-belt’ = SEA
the earth-belt → SEAsea
1.1. belt of the land -
Sturl Hrafn 1II
gætir hásæta
‘of the guardian of rowing-benches’ = CAPTAIN
the guardian of rowing-benches → CAPTAINchieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
. guardian of the high-seat -
Sturl Hrafn 2II
øngr ótti ormvengis
‘no terror of the snake-meadow’ = GENEROUS MAN
the snake-meadow → GOLD
No terror of the GOLD → GENEROUS MANgenerous man
5. terror of gold -
Sturl Hrafn 2II
ormvengi
‘of the snake-meadow’ = GOLD
the snake-meadow → GOLDgold
3.1.1. land of the serpent (A3) -
Sturl Hrafn 2II
fleins flugstœrir
‘of a flight-increaser of the spear’ = WARRIOR
the spear’s flight → BATTLE
an increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIORwarrior
2.5.1. increaser / strengthener of battle -
Sturl Hrafn 2II
fleins flug
‘of the spear’s flight’ = BATTLE
the spear’s flight → BATTLEbattle
9.1. flight of weapons -
Sturl Hrafn 2II
harðr lómblekkir
‘the harsh deceit-destroyer’ = JUST RULER
The harsh deceit-destroyer → JUST RULERchieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
-
Sturl Hrafn 2II
herskíð hríðar
‘with the army-skis of the sea’ = SHIPS
with the army-skis of the sea → SHIPSship, boat
2.1. ski of the sea -
Sturl Hrafn 3II
eldr ægis
‘the fire of the ocean’ = GOLD
The fire of the ocean → GOLDgold
1.1.1. fire of the sea (A1) -
Sturl Hrafn 3II
gjálfrtömðum Gestils skeiðhestr
‘track-horses of Gestill’ = SHIPS
Gestill’s track → SEA
the surge-tamed horses of the SEA → SHIPSship, boat
1.1.1.1. horse of the sea -
Sturl Hrafn 3II
Gestils skeið
‘of Gestill’s track’ = SEA
Gestill’s track → SEAsea
2.2. path of the sea-king -
Sturl Hrafn 3II
óþrotlig sól brimreiðar
‘the unceasing sun of the surf-chariot’ = SHIELD
the surf-chariot → SHIP
The unceasing sun of the SHIP → SHIELDshield
1.01. heavenly body of the ship -
Sturl Hrafn 3II
brimreið
‘of the surf-chariot’ = SHIP
the surf-chariot → SHIPship, boat
4.1. chariot of the sea -
Sturl Hrafn 3II
snotrum sigdeilir
‘the wise battle-distributor’ = WARRIOR
the wise battle-distributor. → WARRIORwarrior
2.5.4. ruler of battle -
Sturl Hrafn 4II
vegljómi brims
‘of the glory-flash of the surf’ = GOLD
the glory-flash of the surf → GOLDgold
1.2. gleam, shine of waters (A1) -
Sturl Hrafn 4II
liðföstum blóm valdrósar
‘the staunch leaves of the slaughter-woman’ = SHIELDS
the slaughter-woman. → VALKYRIE
the staunch leaves of the VALKYRIE → SHIELDSshield
-
Sturl Hrafn 4II
valdrós
‘of the slaughter-woman’ = VALKYRIE
the slaughter-woman. → VALKYRIEvalkyrie
1.3. woman of the slain (B2b) -
Sturl Hrafn 4II
friðskerðir hringa
‘of the peace-diminisher of rings’ = GENEROUS MAN
the peace-diminisher of rings → GENEROUS MANgenerous man
1.10. peace-destroyer of wealth -
Sturl Hrafn 5II
stýrandi landa
‘the controller of lands’ = RULER
The controller of lands → RULERchieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
5.2. lord of the land -
Sturl Hrafn 5II
bládúfa lögrastar
‘the dark doves of the water-way’ = SHIPS
the water-way; → SEA
the dark doves of the SEA → SHIPSship, boat
5.1. bird of the sea -
Sturl Hrafn 5II
lögrǫst
‘of the water-way’ = SEA
the water-way; → SEAsea
5.2. path of the sea -
Sturl Hrafn 5II
eldr álfoldar
‘by the fire of the eel-ground’ = GOLD
the eel-ground → SEA
by the fire of the SEA → GOLDgold
1.1.1. fire of the sea (A1) -
Sturl Hrafn 5II
álfold
‘of the eel-ground’ = SEA
the eel-ground → SEAsea
3.1. land of the aquatic animal -
Sturl Hrafn 6II
fróðr gætir norðsætra
‘the wise protector of the northern settlements’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Hákon
the wise protector of the northern settlements, → NORWEGIAN KING = HákonNorwegian king, ruler, jarl
2.1. guardian of Norway -
Sturl Hrafn 6II
herklæddan herðir böðgerðar
‘the war-clad strengthener of battle’ = WARRIOR
the war-clad strengthener of battle. → WARRIORwarrior
2.5.1. increaser / strengthener of battle -
Sturl Hrafn 7II
inn hraðmælti víðþinguðr hringa
‘the quick-spoken assembly-convener of swords’ = WARRIOR
The quick-spoken assembly-convener of swords → WARRIORwarrior
-
Sturl Hrafn 7II
lögskíð
‘the sea-skis’ = SHIPS
the sea-skis → SHIPSship, boat
2.1. ski of the sea -
Sturl Hrafn 7II
alkeppnum eyðir ítrbóla dalreyðar
‘the very vigorous spoiler of the splendid lair of the valley-char’ = GENEROUS MAN
the valley-char. → SNAKE
the splendid lair of the SNAKE → GOLD
the very vigorous spoiler of the GOLD → GENEROUS MANgenerous man
1.01.1. destroyer of gold -
Sturl Hrafn 7II
ítrból dalreyðar
‘of the splendid lair of the valley-char’ = GOLD
the valley-char. → SNAKE
the splendid lair of the SNAKE → GOLDgold
3.1.2. lair of the serpent (A3) -
Sturl Hrafn 7II
dalreyðr
‘of the valley-char’ = SNAKE
the valley-char. → SNAKEserpent, snake
1.1. fish or whale of the land (A1b) -
Sturl Hrafn 8II
stórráðum stýrir brimdýra
‘the imperious controller of surf-animals’ = SEA-KING
surf-animals → SHIPS
the imperious controller of SHIPS → SEA-KINGseafarer
1.1.01.1. steerer of the ship -
Sturl Hrafn 8II
brimdýr
‘of surf-animals’ = SHIPS
surf-animals → SHIPSship, boat
1.1.2. wild animal of the sea -
Sturl Hrafn 8II
ósvifrum ótti rándróttar
‘the relentless terror of the retinue of robbery’ = JUST RULER
the relentless terror of the retinue of robbery. → JUST RULERchieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
4.3. terror of evildoers -
Sturl Hrafn 9II
geðstrangir sárs logrunnr
‘flame-bushes of the wound’ = WARRIORS
the wound’s flame → SWORD
The mind-strong bushes of the SWORD → WARRIORSwarrior
1.1.1. tree of the sword -
Sturl Hrafn 9II
sárs log
‘of the wound’s flame’ = SWORD
the wound’s flame → SWORDsword
1.1.04. fire of the wound -
Sturl Hrafn 9II
gætir vegmæta
‘of the keeper of glorious treasures’ = KING
the keeper of glorious treasures → KINGchieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
-
Sturl Hrafn 9II
brands byrr
‘fair-wind reliable of the sword’ = BATTLE
in the fair wind of the sword, → BATTLEbattle
1.1.1.1. storm/wind of the sword -
Sturl Hrafn 9II
svartklædda dynhrókr sóknar
‘black-coated din-cormorants of battle’ = RAVENS
black-coated din-cormorants of battle → RAVENSraven
1.2. (black or dark) bird of the battlefield (A2) -
Sturl Hrafn 10II
friðskerðir
‘of the peace-diminisher’ = WARRIOR
the peace-diminisher → WARRIORwarrior
11. destroyer of peace -
Sturl Hrafn 10II
guðleiðum baugnjótr
‘the godforsaken ring-users’ = GENEROUS MEN
the godforsaken ring-users. → GENEROUS MENgenerous man
2.8. user of wealth -
Sturl Hrafn 10II
hjörklufðu valtafn
‘the sword-cloven slaughter-food’ = CORPSES
the sword-cloven slaughter-food → CORPSEScorpse, slain
1.3. food of slaughter -
Sturl Hrafn 11II
lífgalli hallar
‘the life-harm of the hall’ = FIRE
the life-harm of the hall → FIREfire, flame
1.1. harm of wood -
Sturl Hrafn 11II
feigir fleinþollr
‘doomed spear-firs’ = WARRIORS
Doomed spear-firs → WARRIORSwarrior
1.1. tree of the weapon -
Sturl Hrafn 11II
svanteigr
‘of the swan-field’ = SEA
the swan-field → SEAsea
6.1. land of the aquatic bird -
Sturl Hrafn 11II
sæskíð
‘the sea-skis’ = SHIPS
the sea-skis. → SHIPSship, boat
2.1. ski of the sea -
Sturl Hrafn 12II
inn böðfróði sigrmǫgnuðr bragna
‘the war-crafty victory-augmenter of men’ = WARRIOR = Hákon
The war-crafty victory-augmenter of men → WARRIOR = Hákonwarrior
5.2. increaser / strengthener of victory -
Sturl Hrafn 12II
spjót-Hroptr
‘to the spear-Hroptar’ = WARRIORS
to the spear-Hroptar. → WARRIORSwarrior
1.4.1.01. Óðinn of the weapon -
Sturl Hrafn 12II
þrekstærðan útverja bjórs blikrýrir
‘flash-diminisher of the beer of fishing-stations’ = GENEROUS MAN
the beer of fishing-stations. → SEA
the flash of the SEA → GOLD
the powerful diminisher of the GOLD → GENEROUS MANgenerous man
1.03.1. diminisher of gold -
Sturl Hrafn 12II
útverja bjórs blik
‘of the flash of the beer of fishing-stations’ = GOLD
the beer of fishing-stations. → SEA
the flash of the SEA → GOLDgold
1.2. gleam, shine of waters (A1) -
Sturl Hrafn 12II
útverja bjórr
‘of the beer of fishing-stations’ = SEA
the beer of fishing-stations. → SEAsea
5.1. land of the sea -
Sturl Hrafn 13II
flugskjarrir baugnjótr
‘the flight-shy ring-users’ = GENEROUS MEN
The flight-shy ring-users → GENEROUS MENgenerous man
2.8. user of wealth -
Sturl Hrafn 13II
darra dynsveigir
‘of the swayer of the din of spears’ = WARRIOR
the din of spears → BATTLE
the swayer of the BATTLE → WARRIORwarrior
-
Sturl Hrafn 13II
darra dynr
‘of the din-swayer of spears’ = BATTLE
the din of spears → BATTLEbattle
2.1.2. din of spears -
Sturl Hrafn 13II
geirþeyr
‘with spear-winds’ = BATTLE
with spear-winds. → BATTLEbattle
1.1.1.3. storm/wind of spears -
Sturl Hrafn 14II
hryggs vargfœðir
‘of the gloomy wolf-feeder’ = WARRIOR = Alexander
the gloomy wolf-feeder. → WARRIOR = Alexanderwarrior
3.2.1. feeder of the wolf -
Sturl Hrafn 14II
fellir lífdvalar
‘a slayer of life’s duration’ = DEATH
a slayer of life’s duration → DEATHdeath
2. slayer of life -
Sturl Hrafn 15II
margfréttinn framstiklir auðar
‘the very inquisitive dispenser of wealth’ = GENEROUS MAN
The very inquisitive dispenser of wealth → GENEROUS MANgenerous man
2.3. flinger of wealth -
Sturl Hrafn 15II
bauglestir
‘of the ring-wounder’ = GENEROUS MAN
the ring-wounder → GENEROUS MANgenerous man
1.01.2. destroyer of rings -
Sturl Hrafn 16II
herbygðum brimskíð hríðar
‘the troop-inhabited surf-skis of the sea’ = SHIPS
the troop-inhabited surf-skis of the sea. → SHIPSship, boat
. overdetermined -
Sturl Hrafn 16II
undit grand grundar gjálfrs
‘the twisted harm of the land of the surge’ = STORM
the land of the surge → SEA
The twisted harm of the SEA → STORMstorm, wind
2. harm of the sea -
Sturl Hrafn 16II
grund gjálfrs
‘of the land of the surge’ = SEA
the land of the surge → SEAsea
5.1. land of the sea -
Sturl Hrafn 17II
inn sigrmæti blikskerðir
‘the victory-glorious gleam-diminisher’ = GENEROUS MAN
The victory-glorious gleam-diminisher → GENEROUS MANgenerous man
1.01. destroyer of wealth -
Sturl Hrafn 17II
brynhríð
‘the byrnie-storm’ = BATTLE
the byrnie-storm. → BATTLEbattle
1.2.2.2. shower of the mail-coat -
Sturl Hrafn 17II
dal-Gautr
‘of the bow-Gautar’ = WARRIORS
the bow-Gautar → WARRIORSwarrior
1.4.1.01. Óðinn of the weapon -
Sturl Hrafn 18II
vegstórum baug-Njǫrðr
‘the honourable ring-Njǫrðr’ = MAN = Perus
the honourable ring-Njǫrðr → MAN = Perusmale, man
2.2. god of rings -
Sturl Hrafn 18II
brynþing
‘the byrnie-assembly’ = BATTLE
the byrnie-assembly. → BATTLEbattle
3.2.1. meeting of mail-coats -
Sturl Hrafn 18II
valgammr
‘the corpse-buzzards’ = RAVENS/EAGLES
The corpse-buzzards → RAVENS/EAGLESraven/eagle
1.3. bird of the corpse (A2) -
Sturl Hrafn 18II
fjörseldum auðstefnir
‘with the lifeless wealth-dispenser’ = GENEROUS MAN
with the lifeless wealth-dispenser; → GENEROUS MANgenerous man
-
Sturl Hrafn 18II
hringþverrir
‘the ring-diminisher’ = GENEROUS MAN
the ring-diminisher? → GENEROUS MANgenerous man
1.03.2. diminisher of rings -
Sturl Hrafn 19II
kærir Norðmæra
‘of the litigator of the Norðmærir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Hákon
the litigator of the Norðmærir → NORWEGIAN KING = HákonNorwegian king, ruler, jarl
-
Sturl Hrafn 19II
gunnvers
‘with battle-verses’ = BATTLE
with battle-verses. → BATTLEbattle
6.13. verse of battle -
Sturl Hrafn 19II
gætir hásæta
‘of the guardian of rowing-benches’ = CAPTAIN
the guardian of rowing-benches → CAPTAINchieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
. guardian of the high-seat -
Sturl Hrafn 20II
rauðtún gunntjalda
‘the red enclosures of battle-tents’ = SHIELD-WALLS
battle-tents → SHIELDS
the red enclosures of SHIELDS → SHIELD-WALLSshield-wall
1. fence of the shield -
Sturl Hrafn 20II
gunntjald
‘of battle-tents’ = SHIELDS
battle-tents → SHIELDSshield
2.2.1. tarpaulin of battle -
Sturl Hrafn 20II
brynmót
‘the byrnie-meeting’ = BATTLE
the byrnie-meeting, → BATTLEbattle
3.2.1. meeting of mail-coats -
Sturl Hrafn 20II
egghríðar ský
‘of the cloud of the edge-storm’ = SHIELD
the edge-storm → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELDshield
2.1.1. cloud of battle -
Sturl Hrafn 20II
egghríð
‘of the edge-storm’ = BATTLE
the edge-storm → BATTLEbattle
1.2.1. shower of weapons -
Sturl Hrafn 20II
egghríðar ský-Þundr
‘cloud-Þundar of the edge-storm’ = WARRIORS
the edge-storm → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
Þundar of the SHIELD → WARRIORSwarrior
1.4.1.01. Óðinn of the weapon -
Sturl Hrafn 20II
víglundr
‘from the slaughter-trees’ = WARRIORS
from the slaughter-trees → WARRIORSwarrior
2.1. tree of battle