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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Sturl Hrafn 1^II

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Sturla Þórðarson, Hrafnsmál 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 728.

Sturla Þórðarson Hrafnsmál

Sóttu ‘sought’

(not checked:)
sœkja (verb): seek, attack

sókn ‘Battle’

(not checked:)
sókn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): attack, fight < sóknhvattr (adj.)

notes

[1] sóknhvattar ‘battle-keen’: Hap. leg.

hvattar ‘keen’

[1] ‑hvattar: hvatar 8, hvattir Flat

notes

[1] sóknhvattar ‘battle-keen’: Hap. leg.

sveitir ‘companies’

(not checked:)
sveit (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): host, company

há ‘the’

(not checked:)
3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high < háleitr (adj.): glorious, sublime

kennings

háleitan glymstæri glyggs geira
‘the sublime din-increaser of the storm of spears ’
= WARRIOR
the storm of spears → BATTLE
the sublime din-increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

leitan ‘ sublime’

(not checked:)
-leitr (adj.): -looking < háleitr (adj.): glorious, sublime

[2] ‑leitan: ‑lettan Flat

kennings

háleitan glymstæri glyggs geira
‘the sublime din-increaser of the storm of spears ’
= WARRIOR
the storm of spears → BATTLE
the sublime din-increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

geira ‘of spears’

(not checked:)
geirr (noun m.): spear

kennings

háleitan glymstæri glyggs geira
‘the sublime din-increaser of the storm of spears ’
= WARRIOR
the storm of spears → BATTLE
the sublime din-increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

notes

[3-4] glymstæri glyggs geira ‘din-increaser of the storm of spears [BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: Glym- ‘din-’ is not part of the kenning for ‘battle’ (glyggs geira ‘of the storm of spears’); rather, it refers to the noise of the battle. See LP: glymstœrir. See also Introduction above.

geira ‘of spears’

(not checked:)
geirr (noun m.): spear

kennings

háleitan glymstæri glyggs geira
‘the sublime din-increaser of the storm of spears ’
= WARRIOR
the storm of spears → BATTLE
the sublime din-increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

notes

[3-4] glymstæri glyggs geira ‘din-increaser of the storm of spears [BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: Glym- ‘din-’ is not part of the kenning for ‘battle’ (glyggs geira ‘of the storm of spears’); rather, it refers to the noise of the battle. See LP: glymstœrir. See also Introduction above.

glym ‘din’

(not checked:)
glymr (noun m.): noise < glymstœrir (noun m.)

kennings

háleitan glymstæri glyggs geira
‘the sublime din-increaser of the storm of spears ’
= WARRIOR
the storm of spears → BATTLE
the sublime din-increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

notes

[3-4] glymstæri glyggs geira ‘din-increaser of the storm of spears [BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: Glym- ‘din-’ is not part of the kenning for ‘battle’ (glyggs geira ‘of the storm of spears’); rather, it refers to the noise of the battle. See LP: glymstœrir. See also Introduction above.

stæri ‘increaser’

(not checked:)
stœrir (noun m.): increaser < glymstœrir (noun m.)

[3] ‑stæri: ‘‑stori’ 8

kennings

háleitan glymstæri glyggs geira
‘the sublime din-increaser of the storm of spears ’
= WARRIOR
the storm of spears → BATTLE
the sublime din-increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

notes

[3-4] glymstæri glyggs geira ‘din-increaser of the storm of spears [BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: Glym- ‘din-’ is not part of the kenning for ‘battle’ (glyggs geira ‘of the storm of spears’); rather, it refers to the noise of the battle. See LP: glymstœrir. See also Introduction above.

glyggs ‘of the storm’

(not checked:)
glygg (noun n.; °-s; -): storm

[4] glyggs: glygg 8

kennings

háleitan glymstæri glyggs geira
‘the sublime din-increaser of the storm of spears ’
= WARRIOR
the storm of spears → BATTLE
the sublime din-increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

notes

[3-4] glymstæri glyggs geira ‘din-increaser of the storm of spears [BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: Glym- ‘din-’ is not part of the kenning for ‘battle’ (glyggs geira ‘of the storm of spears’); rather, it refers to the noise of the battle. See LP: glymstœrir. See also Introduction above.

glyggs ‘of the storm’

(not checked:)
glygg (noun n.; °-s; -): storm

[4] glyggs: glygg 8

kennings

háleitan glymstæri glyggs geira
‘the sublime din-increaser of the storm of spears ’
= WARRIOR
the storm of spears → BATTLE
the sublime din-increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

notes

[3-4] glymstæri glyggs geira ‘din-increaser of the storm of spears [BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: Glym- ‘din-’ is not part of the kenning for ‘battle’ (glyggs geira ‘of the storm of spears’); rather, it refers to the noise of the battle. See LP: glymstœrir. See also Introduction above.

ór ‘from’

(not checked:)
3. ór (prep.): out of

notes

[4] ór Finnbygðum ‘from the settlements of the Saami’: I.e. from North Norway.

Finnbygðum ‘the settlements of the Saami’

(not checked:)
Finnbyggð (noun f.): settlements of Saami

notes

[4] ór Finnbygðum ‘from the settlements of the Saami’: I.e. from North Norway.

Alt ‘all the way’

(not checked:)
allr (adj.): all

brá ‘drove’

(not checked:)
bregða (verb; °bregðr/brigðr; brá, brugðu; brugðinn/brogðinn): pull, jerk, break; change

[5] brá: so 8, frá F, bar Flat

jarð ‘of the earth’

(not checked:)
jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304)): ground, earth < jarðbelti (noun n.): [earth-belt]

kennings

jarðbeltis
‘of the earth-belt ’
= SEA
the earth-belt → SEA

beltis ‘belt’

(not checked:)
belti (noun n.; °-s; -): belt < jarðbelti (noun n.): [earth-belt]

kennings

jarðbeltis
‘of the earth-belt ’
= SEA
the earth-belt → SEA

austan ‘west’

(not checked:)
austan (adv.): from the east

sigrflaustum ‘the victory-vessels’

(not checked:)
sigrflaust (noun n.): [victory-vessels]

notes

[6] sigrflaustum ‘victory-vessels’: Hap. leg.

gjálfr ‘The surge’

(not checked:)
gjalfr (noun n.; °-s): surge, waves

af ‘from’

(not checked:)
af (prep.): from

notes

[7] af Gautelfi ‘from the Götaälv’: River in present-day south-western Sweden.

Gautelfi ‘the Götaälv’

(not checked:)
Gautelfr (noun f.): [Götaälv]

notes

[7] af Gautelfi ‘from the Götaälv’: River in present-day south-western Sweden.

gætis ‘of the guardian’

(not checked:)
gætir (noun m.): guardian

kennings

gætis hásæta
‘of the guardian of rowing-benches ’
= CAPTAIN
the guardian of rowing-benches → CAPTAIN

notes

[8] gætis hásæta ‘of the guardian of rowing-benches [CAPTAIN]’: See also st. 19/6 below.

hásæta ‘of rowing-benches’

(not checked:)
hásæti (noun n.): high-seat

kennings

gætis hásæta
‘of the guardian of rowing-benches ’
= CAPTAIN
the guardian of rowing-benches → CAPTAIN

notes

[8] gætis hásæta ‘of the guardian of rowing-benches [CAPTAIN]’: See also st. 19/6 below.

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

In 1263, Hákon set out on his campaign to the west to reestablish his sovereignty in the Hebrides and to punish the Scots for their rebellious behaviour. He gathered an army from all of Norway, and the naval contingents from the north and the south gathered in Herdlevær (in Øygarden, Hordaland) before they embarked on the journey.

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