Sturla Þórðarson, Hrafnsmál 20

Kari Ellen Gade

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Sturl Hrafn 20^II

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Sturla Þórðarson, Hrafnsmál 20’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 744-5.

Sturla Þórðarson Hrafnsmál

19 20

[1] bryn‑: om. 8

kennings

brynmóti,
‘the byrnie-meeting, ’
= BATTLE
the byrnie-meeting, → BATTLE

móti ‘meeting’

(not checked:)
1. mót (noun n.; °; -): meeting < brynmót (noun n.)

kennings

brynmóti,
‘the byrnie-meeting, ’
= BATTLE
the byrnie-meeting, → BATTLE

brún ‘The shining’

(not checked:)
2. brúnn (adj.): brown, dark

[2] brún í rauðtúnum: brunn í rauð tunnum Flat

í ‘in’

(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into

[2] brún í rauðtúnum: brunn í rauð tunnum Flat

rauð ‘the red’

(not checked:)
rauðr (adj.; °compar. -ari): red < rauðtún (noun n.)

[2] brún í rauðtúnum: brunn í rauð tunnum Flat; rauð‑: rand‑ 8

kennings

rauðtúnum gunntjalda
‘the red enclosures of battle-tents ’
= SHIELD-WALLS
battle-tents → SHIELDS
the red enclosures of SHIELDS → SHIELD-WALLS

notes

[2] rauðtúnum ‘the red enclosures’: Hap. leg.

túnum ‘enclosures’

(not checked:)
tún (noun n.; °-s; -): homefield, enclosure < rauðtún (noun n.)

[2] brún í rauðtúnum: brunn í rauð tunnum Flat

kennings

rauðtúnum gunntjalda
‘the red enclosures of battle-tents ’
= SHIELD-WALLS
battle-tents → SHIELDS
the red enclosures of SHIELDS → SHIELD-WALLS

notes

[2] rauðtúnum ‘the red enclosures’: Hap. leg.

egg ‘sword-edge’

(not checked:)
1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade

of ‘around’

(not checked:)
3. of (prep.): around, from; too

ó ‘un’

(not checked:)
ó- ((prefix)): un- < ódyggr (adj.): unfaithful

notes

[3-4] ódyggvar aldar ‘unfaithful men’: This must refer to the Scots opposing Hákon in the battle, but it is not quite clear why they are called ‘unfaithful’. It could be that Sturla alludes to Alexander’s postponement of the proposed peace negotations until the Norw. fleet was at a disadvantage because of the autumn storms (see st. 12 above).

dyggvar ‘faithful’

(not checked:)
dyggr (adj.; °dyggvan/dyggan; compar. -vari/-ari/-ri, superl. -vastr/-astr/-str): trustworthy < ódyggr (adj.): unfaithful

[3] ‑dyggvar: ‑dyggar 8

notes

aldar ‘men’

(not checked:)
ǫld (noun f.; °; aldir): people, age

[4] aldar: aldir 8, Flat

notes

gunn ‘of battle’

(not checked:)
gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunntjald (noun n.): battle-tent

kennings

rauðtúnum gunntjalda
‘the red enclosures of battle-tents ’
= SHIELD-WALLS
battle-tents → SHIELDS
the red enclosures of SHIELDS → SHIELD-WALLS

gunn ‘of battle’

(not checked:)
gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunntjald (noun n.): battle-tent

kennings

rauðtúnum gunntjalda
‘the red enclosures of battle-tents ’
= SHIELD-WALLS
battle-tents → SHIELDS
the red enclosures of SHIELDS → SHIELD-WALLS

tjalda ‘tents’

(not checked:)
tjald (noun n.; °-s; *-): tent, awning < gunntjald (noun n.): battle-tent

kennings

rauðtúnum gunntjalda
‘the red enclosures of battle-tents ’
= SHIELD-WALLS
battle-tents → SHIELDS
the red enclosures of SHIELDS → SHIELD-WALLS

tjalda ‘tents’

(not checked:)
tjald (noun n.; °-s; *-): tent, awning < gunntjald (noun n.): battle-tent

kennings

rauðtúnum gunntjalda
‘the red enclosures of battle-tents ’
= SHIELD-WALLS
battle-tents → SHIELDS
the red enclosures of SHIELDS → SHIELD-WALLS

áðr ‘before’

(not checked:)
áðr (adv.; °//): before

en ‘’

(not checked:)
4. en (conj.): than

egg ‘of the edge’

(not checked:)
1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade < egghríð (noun f.): edge-storm

kennings

egghríðar ský-Þundar
‘cloud-Þundar of the edge-storm’
= WARRIORS
the edge-storm → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
Þundar of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

egg ‘of the edge’

(not checked:)
1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade < egghríð (noun f.): edge-storm

kennings

egghríðar ský-Þundar
‘cloud-Þundar of the edge-storm’
= WARRIORS
the edge-storm → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
Þundar of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

egg ‘of the edge’

(not checked:)
1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade < egghríð (noun f.): edge-storm

kennings

egghríðar ský-Þundar
‘cloud-Þundar of the edge-storm’
= WARRIORS
the edge-storm → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
Þundar of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

hríðar ‘storm’

(not checked:)
hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm < egghríð (noun f.): edge-storm

kennings

egghríðar ský-Þundar
‘cloud-Þundar of the edge-storm’
= WARRIORS
the edge-storm → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
Þundar of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

hríðar ‘storm’

(not checked:)
hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm < egghríð (noun f.): edge-storm

kennings

egghríðar ský-Þundar
‘cloud-Þundar of the edge-storm’
= WARRIORS
the edge-storm → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
Þundar of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

hríðar ‘storm’

(not checked:)
hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm < egghríð (noun f.): edge-storm

kennings

egghríðar ský-Þundar
‘cloud-Þundar of the edge-storm’
= WARRIORS
the edge-storm → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
Þundar of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

undan ‘away’

(not checked:)
undan (adv.): away, away from

[6] undan: so 8, Flat, unda F

víg ‘from the slaughter’

(not checked:)
víg (noun n.; °-s; -): battle < víglundr (noun m.): slaughter-tree

kennings

víglundum
‘from the slaughter-trees ’
= WARRIORS
from the slaughter-trees → WARRIORS

lundum ‘trees’

(not checked:)
1. lundr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ar): grove, tree < víglundr (noun m.): slaughter-tree

kennings

víglundum
‘from the slaughter-trees ’
= WARRIORS
from the slaughter-trees → WARRIORS

skyndu ‘hastened’

(not checked:)
2. skynda (verb): rush, hasten

[7] skyndu: skundu Flat

ský ‘of the cloud’

(not checked:)
ský (noun n.; °-s; -): cloud < skýþundr (noun m.)

kennings

egghríðar ský-Þundar
‘cloud-Þundar of the edge-storm’
= WARRIORS
the edge-storm → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
Þundar of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

ský ‘of the cloud’

(not checked:)
ský (noun n.; °-s; -): cloud < skýþundr (noun m.)

kennings

egghríðar ský-Þundar
‘cloud-Þundar of the edge-storm’
= WARRIORS
the edge-storm → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
Þundar of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

Þundar ‘Þundar’

(not checked:)
Þundr (noun m.): Þundr < skýþundr (noun m.)

[7] Þundar: ‘‑dundar’ Flat

kennings

egghríðar ský-Þundar
‘cloud-Þundar of the edge-storm’
= WARRIORS
the edge-storm → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
Þundar of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

skoskir ‘the Scottish’

(not checked:)
1. skozkr (adj.): Scottish

notes

[8] skoskir ‘Scottish’: For the medial consonant cluster [sk], see ANG §303.2.

alþroskins ‘of the very manly one’

(not checked:)
alþroskinn (adj./verb p.p.): [very manly one]

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

As st. 19 above.

[1-4]: The present edn follows NN §1363. Skj B construes the helmingr as follows: Brún egg of beit at brynmóti í rauðtúnum gunntjalda ódyggrar aldar translated as Den brune sværdsæg bed i kampen i de slette mænds røde skjoldgærder ‘The brown sword-edge bit in battle in the despicable men’s red shield-fences’. That interpretation is not possible, because the expletive of (l. 3) is never separated from the verb (here: beit ‘bit’ (l. 1)).

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Sturl Hrafn 20II

Beit ‘bit’

at ‘at’

bryn ‘the byrnie’

kennings

móti ‘meeting’

kennings

brún ‘The shining’

í ‘in’

rauð ‘the red’

kennings

notes

túnum ‘enclosures’

kennings

notes

egg ‘sword-edge’

of ‘around’

ó ‘un’

notes

dyggvar ‘faithful’

notes

aldar ‘men’

notes

gunn ‘of battle’

kennings

gunn ‘of battle’

kennings

tjalda ‘tents’

kennings

tjalda ‘tents’

kennings

áðr ‘before’

en ‘’

egg ‘of the edge’

kennings

egg ‘of the edge’

kennings

egg ‘of the edge’

kennings

hríðar ‘storm’

kennings

hríðar ‘storm’

kennings

hríðar ‘storm’

kennings

undan ‘away’

víg ‘from the slaughter’

kennings

lundum ‘trees’

kennings

skyndu ‘hastened’

ský ‘of the cloud’

kennings

ský ‘of the cloud’

kennings

Þundar ‘Þundar’

kennings

skoskir ‘the Scottish’

notes

alþroskins ‘of the very manly one’

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Sturl Hrafn 20^II