Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 64’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 130-1.
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
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hróðr (noun m.): encomium, praise
[1] þanns: þann B
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2. heita (verb): be called, promise
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harmsól (noun f.): harmsól
[2] Harmsól: Lit. ‘sorrow-sun’. The title of the poem draws together many of its central themes. Harmsól may be taken as a kenning for Christ, whose harmr ‘pain, injury’ is the subject of the poem’s central meditation, and who is apostrophised throughout the poem in kennings referring to his mastery of the weather and his lordship over the heavenly halls of the sun. At another level, the poem itself, as a public act of penance and a meditation on the grace of God, has acted as a ‘sun’, dissipating the clouds of the poet’s own harmr ‘sorrow’, his grief and shame at his own sinfulness. See further Paasche 1914a, 116-18.
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fetill (noun m.; °dat. fatli/fetli; fetlar): strap, sword-belt < fetilkjǫlr (noun m.)
[2] fetilkjóla: ‘fe[...]l kiosa’ B, ‘fe(ti)lkiosa’(?) 399a‑bˣ, ‘fæ[...](i)l kiosa’(?) BRydberg, ‘fe (ti)l kiosa’(?) BFJ
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fetill (noun m.; °dat. fatli/fetli; fetlar): strap, sword-belt < fetilkjǫlr (noun m.)
[2] fetilkjóla: ‘fe[...]l kiosa’ B, ‘fe(ti)lkiosa’(?) 399a‑bˣ, ‘fæ[...](i)l kiosa’(?) BRydberg, ‘fe (ti)l kiosa’(?) BFJ
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fetill (noun m.; °dat. fatli/fetli; fetlar): strap, sword-belt < fetilkjǫlr (noun m.)
[2] fetilkjóla: ‘fe[...]l kiosa’ B, ‘fe(ti)lkiosa’(?) 399a‑bˣ, ‘fæ[...](i)l kiosa’(?) BRydberg, ‘fe (ti)l kiosa’(?) BFJ
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kjóll (noun m.): ship < fetilkjǫlr (noun m.)
[2] fetilkjóla: ‘fe[...]l kiosa’ B, ‘fe(ti)lkiosa’(?) 399a‑bˣ, ‘fæ[...](i)l kiosa’(?) BRydberg, ‘fe (ti)l kiosa’(?) BFJ
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kjóll (noun m.): ship < fetilkjǫlr (noun m.)
[2] fetilkjóla: ‘fe[...]l kiosa’ B, ‘fe(ti)lkiosa’(?) 399a‑bˣ, ‘fæ[...](i)l kiosa’(?) BRydberg, ‘fe (ti)l kiosa’(?) BFJ
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kjóll (noun m.): ship < fetilkjǫlr (noun m.)
[2] fetilkjóla: ‘fe[...]l kiosa’ B, ‘fe(ti)lkiosa’(?) 399a‑bˣ, ‘fæ[...](i)l kiosa’(?) BRydberg, ‘fe (ti)l kiosa’(?) BFJ
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
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hugr (noun m.): mind, thought, courage < hugprúðr (adj.): proud
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prúðr (adj.; °superl. -astr): magnificent, proud < hugprúðr (adj.): proud
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hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm
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hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm
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1. herðandi (noun m.): strengthener
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3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
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1. verða (verb): become, be
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
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2. heyra (verb): hear
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heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world < heimspennir (noun m.)
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spennir (noun m.): clasper < heimspennir (noun m.)
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bragr (noun m.; °-ar): poem, poetry
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1. sjá (pron.; °gen. þessa dat. þessum/þeima, acc. þenna; f. sjá/þessi; n. þetta, dat. þessu/þvísa; pl. þessir): this
[6] þenna: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘þenn[...]’ B
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œskja (verb): [wish for] < œskiþrór (noun m.)
[7] œski-Þrór ‘craving-Þrór’: That is, each man who craves wave-suns, i.e. gold. Þrór is listed as a heiti for Óðinn in Gylf (SnE 1982, 22). Although it occurs rather infrequently in man-kennings, (LP: Þrór), it is interesting to compare the warrior-kenning Þrós þingveljandi ‘decider of Þrór’s assembly’ in Pl 49/3-4.
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Þrór (noun m.): Þrór < œskiþrór (noun m.)
[7] œski-Þrór ‘craving-Þrór’: That is, each man who craves wave-suns, i.e. gold. Þrór is listed as a heiti for Óðinn in Gylf (SnE 1982, 22). Although it occurs rather infrequently in man-kennings, (LP: Þrór), it is interesting to compare the warrior-kenning Þrós þingveljandi ‘decider of Þrór’s assembly’ in Pl 49/3-4.
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
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eir (noun f.): mercy
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2. unnr (noun f.): wave < unnrǫðull (noun m.)
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2. unnr (noun f.): wave < unnrǫðull (noun m.)
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rǫðull (noun m.; °dat. rǫðli): heavenly body < unnrǫðull (noun m.)
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rǫðull (noun m.; °dat. rǫðli): heavenly body < unnrǫðull (noun m.)
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miskunn (noun f.; °-ar; gen. -a): forgiveness, mercy, grace
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Létum hróðr, þanns heitir |
We [I] caused the praise-poem, which is called ‘Harmsól’, to be borne before strong-minded hardeners of the storm of strap-ships [SHIELDS > BATTLE > WARRIORS]. May each craving-Þrór <= Óðinn> of wave-suns [GOLD > MAN] who hears this poem, ask the world-clasper [= God] for mercy and compassion for me.
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