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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Gamlkan Has 63VII

Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 63’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 129-30.

Gamli kanókiHarmsól
626364

Ér ‘you’

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ér (pron.; °gen. yðvar/yðar, dat./acc. yðr): you

notes

[1] ér ‘you’: An accent is written over the r. Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844), who is followed by Kempff, follows the 399a-bˣ copyist in interpreting the accent as the common nasal abbreviation, producing ‘Ern’. Rydberg concurs, though he notes (1907, 31 n. 10) that Ér in Líkn 44/1 (fol 12r, l. 24) is remarkably similar to the form here. There is no doubt that Ér is the correct reading in that case. Sveinbjörn takes ern to be the nom. sg. of ern adj. ‘vigorous’, qualifying the God-kenning miskunnandi ýta in apposition with margríkr. He construes Ern miskunnandi ýta margríkr, látið þau lok verða atferðar minnar... ‘Vigorous, very powerful pardoner of men [= God (= Christ)]], you allow the endings of my life’s course to turn out...’. This edn follows Finnur Jónsson (Skj B), Black (1971, 296) and Kock (Skald) in reading Ér, the archaic form of the honorific pl. pron. (see ANG §§464, Anm. 5 and 465, Anm. 5), construed with the adjacent látið ‘you allow’ (l. 1).

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látið ‘allow’

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láta (verb): let, have sth done

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ýta ‘of men’

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ýtr (noun m.): man; launcher

kennings

Margríkr miskunnandi ýta,
‘Very powerful pardoner of men, ’
   = Christ

Very powerful pardoner of men, → Christ
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atferðar ‘life’s course’

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atferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): behaviour

[2] atferðar lok verða: ‘atferd[...]k[...]’ B, ‘atferdar lok ṿẹṛð(a)’(?) 399a‑bˣ

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lok ‘endings’

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1. lok (noun n.; °-s; -): end

[2] atferðar lok verða: ‘atferd[...]k[...]’ B, ‘atferdar lok ṿẹṛð(a)’(?) 399a‑bˣ

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verða ‘to turn out’

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1. verða (verb): become, be

[2] atferðar lok verða: ‘atferd[...]k[...]’ B, ‘atferdar lok ṿẹṛð(a)’(?) 399a‑bˣ

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miskunnandi ‘pardoner’

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miskunnandi (noun m.)

kennings

Margríkr miskunnandi ýta,
‘Very powerful pardoner of men, ’
   = Christ

Very powerful pardoner of men, → Christ
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minnar ‘of my’

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minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my

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marg ‘Very’

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2. margr (adj.; °-an): many < margríkr (adj.)

kennings

Margríkr miskunnandi ýta,
‘Very powerful pardoner of men, ’
   = Christ

Very powerful pardoner of men, → Christ

notes

[6] margríkr ‘very powerful’: LP lists no occurrence of this cpd. outside Has. Cf. 56/6 margríkr : líknar.

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ríkr ‘powerful’

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ríkr (adj.): mighty, powerful, rich < margríkr (adj.)

kennings

Margríkr miskunnandi ýta,
‘Very powerful pardoner of men, ’
   = Christ

Very powerful pardoner of men, → Christ

notes

[6] margríkr ‘very powerful’: LP lists no occurrence of this cpd. outside Has. Cf. 56/6 margríkr : líknar.

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at ‘in such a way that’

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4. at (conj.): that

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líki ‘pleases’

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4. líka (verb): please

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svát ‘so that’

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svát (conj.): so that, so as

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frá ‘from’

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frá (prep.): from

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í ‘in’

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í (prep.): in, into

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ítru ‘glorious’

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ítr (adj.): glorious

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oss ‘for ourselves [myself]’

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vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our

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kjósum ‘we [I] choose’

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kjósa (verb): choose

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ljósi ‘light’

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ljós (noun n.; °ljóss; -): light

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veg ‘honour’

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2. vegr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -): honour < veglyndr (adj.): [high-minded]

[7] veg‑: ‘v[...]’ B, ‘vegh’ 399a‑bˣ

kennings

veglyndr valdr grundar veðra;
‘honour-minded ruler of the plain of the winds; ’
   = God

the plain of the winds; → SKY/HEAVEN
honour-minded ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
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lyndr ‘minded’

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lyndr (adj.; °superl. -astr): minded < veglyndr (adj.): [high-minded]

kennings

veglyndr valdr grundar veðra;
‘honour-minded ruler of the plain of the winds; ’
   = God

the plain of the winds; → SKY/HEAVEN
honour-minded ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Close

veðra ‘of the winds’

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2. veðr (noun n.; °-s; -): weather, wind, storm

kennings

veglyndr valdr grundar veðra;
‘honour-minded ruler of the plain of the winds; ’
   = God

the plain of the winds; → SKY/HEAVEN
honour-minded ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Close

veðra ‘of the winds’

(not checked:)
2. veðr (noun n.; °-s; -): weather, wind, storm

kennings

veglyndr valdr grundar veðra;
‘honour-minded ruler of the plain of the winds; ’
   = God

the plain of the winds; → SKY/HEAVEN
honour-minded ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Close

grundar ‘of the plain’

(not checked:)
grund (noun f.): earth, land

kennings

veglyndr valdr grundar veðra;
‘honour-minded ruler of the plain of the winds; ’
   = God

the plain of the winds; → SKY/HEAVEN
honour-minded ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Close

grundar ‘of the plain’

(not checked:)
grund (noun f.): earth, land

kennings

veglyndr valdr grundar veðra;
‘honour-minded ruler of the plain of the winds; ’
   = God

the plain of the winds; → SKY/HEAVEN
honour-minded ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Close

valdr ‘ruler’

(not checked:)
valdr (noun m.): ruler

kennings

veglyndr valdr grundar veðra;
‘honour-minded ruler of the plain of the winds; ’
   = God

the plain of the winds; → SKY/HEAVEN
honour-minded ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Close

skiljumk ‘be parted’

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1. skilja (verb): separate, understand

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aldri ‘never’

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aldri (adv.): never

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