Kennings — Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld Óttarsson

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• Hfr ErfÓl 2^I

  frægr flugþverrir
  ‘the famous flight-diminisher’ = WARRIOR
  The famous flight-diminisher → WARRIOR

  warrior
  17. diminisher of flight

• Hfr ErfÓl 2^I

  skyldir hauka
  ‘the commander of hawks’ = RULER
  the commander of hawks → RULER

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler

• Hfr ErfÓl 3^I

  dáðǫflgan bǫrr fangs dolga
  ‘the deed-mighty tree of the tunic of strife’ = WARRIOR
  the tunic of strife → MAIL-SHIRT
  the deed-mighty tree of the MAIL-SHIRT → WARRIOR

  warrior
  1.2.2. tree of the mail-coat

• Hfr ErfÓl 3^I

  fang dolga
  ‘of the tunic of strife’ = MAIL-SHIRT
  the tunic of strife → MAIL-SHIRT

  mail-coat
  1.1. garment of battle

• Hfr ErfÓl 3^I

  senna vápna
  ‘the flyting of weapons’ = BATTLE
  the flyting of weapons: → BATTLE

  battle
  5.1. strife of weapons

• Hfr ErfÓl 3^I

  hnekkir hertryggðar
  ‘the confounder of the army’s security’ = WARRIOR
  the confounder of the army’s security → WARRIOR

  warrior

• Hfr ErfÓl 3^I

  þess sessi þjóðar
  ‘of this bench-mate of the people’ = RULER
  this bench-mate of the people → RULER

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  1.2. friend of people

• Hfr ErfÓl 4^I

  brjótandi bauga
  ‘breakers of rings’ = GENEROUS MEN
  breakers of rings → GENEROUS MEN

  generous man
  1.02.2. breaker of rings

• Hfr ErfÓl 4^I

  gnaustan malma
  ‘the clashing of metal weapons’ = BATTLE
  the clashing of metal weapons → BATTLE

  battle
  2.1. din of weapons

• Hfr ErfÓl 5^I

  drasill sunda
  ‘the horse of sounds’ = SHIP
  the horse of sounds, → SHIP

  ship, boat
  1.1.1.1. horse of the sea

• Hfr ErfÓl 5^I

  hjalmsproti
  ‘with helmet-rods’ = SWORDS
  with helmet-rods. → SWORDS

  sword
  4.1.03. rod/twig of armour

• Hfr ErfÓl 5^I

  þeim þollr Skævaðar geima
  ‘that fir of the Skævaðr of the ocean’ = SEAFARER
  the Skævaðr of the ocean; → SHIP
  that fir of the SHIP → SEAFARER

  seafarer
  1.2. tree of the ship

• Hfr ErfÓl 5^I

  Skævaðr geima
  ‘of the Skævaðr of the ocean’ = SHIP
  the Skævaðr of the ocean; → SHIP

  ship, boat
  1.1.1.1. horse of the sea

• Hfr ErfÓl 6^I

  herskerðir
  ‘The army-diminisher’ = RULER
  The army-diminisher → RULER

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  3.4. diminisher of the army

• Hfr ErfÓl 6^I

  harðan stofn svarðar
  ‘the hard stump of the scalp’ = HEAD
  the hard stump of the scalp → HEAD

  head
  1.2. place of the scalp (A1b and A3)

• Hfr ErfÓl 6^I

  kunnum eldviðr
  ‘of famous sword-trees’ = WARRIORS
  famous sword-trees → WARRIORS

  warrior
  1.1.1. tree of the sword

• Hfr ErfÓl 6^I

  rá holdbarkar
  ‘the yard-arm of flesh-bark’ = SWORD
  flesh-bark → MAIL-SHIRT
  the yard-arm of the MAIL-SHIRT → SWORD

  sword
  6.4. rod of the mail-coat

• Hfr ErfÓl 6^I

  holdbǫrkr
  ‘of flesh-bark’ = MAIL-SHIRT
  flesh-bark → MAIL-SHIRT

  mail-coat
  2.2. bark of flesh

• Hfr ErfÓl 6^I

  margr heggr Gunnþinga
  ‘many a cherry-tree of meetings of Gunnr’ = WARRIOR
  meetings of Gunnr → BATTLES
  many a cherry-tree of BATTLES → WARRIOR

  warrior
  2.1. tree of battle

• Hfr ErfÓl 6^I

  Gunnþing
  ‘of meetings of Gunnr’ = BATTLES
  meetings of Gunnr → BATTLES

  battle
  3.4. meeting of the valkyrie

• Hfr ErfÓl 7^I

  rymr vígský*s
  ‘roaring of the war-cloud’ = BATTLE
  the war-cloud → SHIELD
  Roaring of the SHIELD → BATTLE

  battle
  2.1.3. din of shields

• Hfr ErfÓl 7^I

  vígský
  ‘of the war-cloud’ = SHIELD
  the war-cloud → SHIELD

  shield
  2.1.1. cloud of battle

• Hfr ErfÓl 7^I

  myrðir Vinða
  ‘the murderer of Wends’ = Óláfr
  the murderer of Wends → Óláfr

  Óláfr I Tryggvason (r. c. 995-c. 1000)
  2. defeater of Wends

• Hfr ErfÓl 7^I

  himinn randar
  ‘the heaven of the rim’ = SHIELD
  the heaven of the rim, → SHIELD

  shield
  10.1. sky of the shield

• Hfr ErfÓl 7^I

  varghollr hirðir veltireiðar víðis
  ‘the wolf-gracious guardian of the rolling wagon of the ocean’ = SEAFARER
  the rolling wagon of the ocean → SHIP
  The wolf-gracious guardian of the SHIP → SEAFARER

  seafarer
  1.1.03. guardian of the ship

• Hfr ErfÓl 7^I

  veltireið víðis
  ‘of the rolling wagon of the ocean’ = SHIP
  the rolling wagon of the ocean → SHIP

  ship, boat
  4.1. chariot of the sea

• Hfr ErfÓl 7^I

  harðan hnitveggr
  ‘the hard clash-wall’ = SHIELD
  the hard clash-wall, → SHIELD

  shield
  7.7. wall of clash

• Hfr ErfÓl 8^I

  galkn hlífa
  ‘monsters of shields’ = AXES
  Monsters of shields → AXES

  axe
  2.1. destructive creature of the shield

• Hfr ErfÓl 8^I

  bǫlkr randar
  ‘the walls of the rim’ = SHIELDS
  the walls of the rim; → SHIELDS

  shield
  7.2. wall of weapons

• Hfr ErfÓl 9^I

  Leifa brautar lognárungr
  ‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’ = MEN
  the road of Leifi → SEA
  the flame of the SEA → GOLD
  to possessors of the GOLD → MEN

  male, man

• Hfr ErfÓl 9^I

  Leifa brautar log
  ‘of the flame of the road of Leifi’ = GOLD
  the road of Leifi → SEA
  the flame of the SEA → GOLD

  gold
  1.1.1. fire of the sea (A1)

• Hfr ErfÓl 9^I

  Leifa braut
  ‘of the road of Leifi’ = SEA
  the road of Leifi → SEA

  sea
  2.2. path of the sea-king

• Hfr ErfÓl 9^I

  geigurþing geirs
  ‘the dangerous meeting of the spear’ = BATTLE
  the dangerous meeting of the spear → BATTLE

  battle
  3.1.2. meeting of spears

• Hfr ErfÓl 9^I

  stjóri gumna
  ‘the steerer of men’ = RULER
  the steerer of men, → RULER

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  1.1. lord of people

• Hfr ErfÓl 9^I

  frœknir farligs húfs fákhlaðandi
  ‘steed-loaders of planking’ = SEAFARERS
  the steed of excellent planking → SHIP
  bold loaders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS

  seafarer
  1.1.04. loader of the ship

• Hfr ErfÓl 9^I

  farligs húfs fákr
  ‘of the steed of excellent planking’ = SHIP
  the steed of excellent planking → SHIP

  ship, boat
  1.2.1.1. horse of the ship

• Hfr ErfÓl 9^I

  vinr jarla
  ‘the friend of jarls’ = KING
  the friend of jarls → KING

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  1.2. friend of people

• Hfr ErfÓl 9^I

  skyrta hrings
  ‘shirts of the ring’ = MAIL-SHIRTS
  shirts of the ring, → MAIL-SHIRTS

  mail-coat
  1.5. shirt of rings

• Hfr ErfÓl 10^I

  sárir verkandi meginserkjar baugs naddfárs
  ‘wounded workers of the mighty shirt of the ring of point-harm’ = WARRIORS
  point -harm → BATTLE
  the ring of the BATTLE → SHIELD
  the mighty shirt of the SHIELD → MAIL-SHIRT
  Wounded workers of the MAIL-SHIRT → WARRIORS

  warrior
  1.8.10. worker of the mail-coat

• Hfr ErfÓl 10^I

  meginserkr baugs naddfárs
  ‘of the mighty shirt of the ring of point-harm’ = MAIL-SHIRT
  point -harm → BATTLE
  the ring of the BATTLE → SHIELD
  the mighty shirt of the SHIELD → MAIL-SHIRT

  mail-coat
  1.10. shirt of the shield

• Hfr ErfÓl 10^I

  baugr naddfárs
  ‘of the ring of point-harm’ = SHIELD
  point -harm → BATTLE
  the ring of the BATTLE → SHIELD

  shield
  1.02. circular object of battle

• Hfr ErfÓl 10^I

  naddfár
  ‘of point-harm’ = BATTLE
  point -harm → BATTLE

  battle
  13.1. harm of the weapon

• Hfr ErfÓl 12^I

  stríðir Breta
  ‘the harmer of Britons’ = RULER = Óláfr
  The harmer of Britons, → RULER = Óláfr

  Óláfr I Tryggvason (r. c. 995-c. 1000)
  3. defeater of Britons

• Hfr ErfÓl 12^I

  bráðan Heðins rekka bekkdómr
  ‘bench-judgement of the champions of Heðinn’ = BATTLE
  the champions of Heðinn. → Hjaðningar
  the bench of HJAÐNINGAR → SHIELD
  the headlong judgement of the SHIELD → BATTLE

  battle
  8.1. judgement of the weapon

• Hfr ErfÓl 12^I

  Heðins rekka bekkr
  ‘of the bench of the champions of Heðinn’ = SHIELD
  the champions of Heðinn. → Hjaðningar
  the bench of HJAÐNINGAR → SHIELD

  shield

• Hfr ErfÓl 12^I

  Heðins rekkr
  ‘of the champions of Heðinn’ = Hjaðningar
  the champions of Heðinn. → Hjaðningar

  Hjaðningar
  1. champions of Heðinn

• Hfr ErfÓl 12^I

  sverðjalmr
  ‘sword-screech’ = BATTLE
  sword-screech → BATTLE

  battle
  2.1.1. din of swords

• Hfr ErfÓl 13^I

  jaðarr sólar
  ‘the borderland of the sun’ = SKY
  the borderland of the sun → SKY

  sky/heaven
  6.1.1. land of the sun

• Hfr ErfÓl 13^I

  ǫrvan, hugdyggvan sonr Tryggva
  ‘the swift, steadfast son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
  the swift, steadfast son of Tryggvi; → Óláfr

  Óláfr I Tryggvason (r. c. 995-c. 1000)
  1.1. descendant of Tryggvi Óláfsson

• Hfr ErfÓl 13^I

  meiðr malmþings
  ‘poles of the metal meeting’ = WARRIORS
  the metal meeting → BATTLE
  poles of the BATTLE → WARRIORS

  warrior
  2.1. tree of battle

• Hfr ErfÓl 13^I

  malmþing
  ‘of the metal meeting’ = BATTLE
  the metal meeting → BATTLE

  battle
  3.1. meeting of weapons

• Hfr ErfÓl 14^I

  læsíkr
  ‘of the poison-whitefish’ = SNAKE = Ormr inn langi
  the poison-whitefish —, → SNAKE = Ormr inn langi

  serpent, snake
  1.2. fish of poison (A1b)

• Hfr ErfÓl 14^I

  ítr*vinr Áta
  ‘the glorious friends of Áti’ = SEAFARERS
  the glorious friends of Áti → SEAFARERS

  seafarer
  3.2. friend of the sea-king

• Hfr ErfÓl 15^I

  fjǫrrann
  ‘life-halls’ = BREASTS
  life-halls → BREASTS

  breast, chest
  3. place of life (A3)

• Hfr ErfÓl 15^I

  viðr randláðs
  ‘trees of the rim-land’ = WARRIORS
  the rim-land → SHIELD
  trees of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

  warrior
  1.1.2. tree of the shield

• Hfr ErfÓl 15^I

  randláð
  ‘of the rim-land’ = SHIELD
  the rim-land → SHIELD

  shield
  5.1.1.1. land of the shield

• Hfr ErfÓl 15^I

  sylgr ættar Surts
  ‘drink of the family of Surtr’ = POETRY
  the family of Surtr. → GIANTS
  drink of GIANTS → POETRY

  poetry
  1.3.1. drink of the giants

• Hfr ErfÓl 15^I

  ætt Surts
  ‘of the family of Surtr’ = GIANTS
  the family of Surtr. → GIANTS

  giant
  3.1. relative of the giant

• Hfr ErfÓl 16^I

  ógrœðir armgrjóts
  ‘the non-increaser of arm-gravel’ = GENEROUS MAN
  arm-gravel → JEWELS
  The non-increaser of JEWELS → GENEROUS MAN

  generous man
  1.03. diminisher of wealth

• Hfr ErfÓl 16^I

  armgrjót
  ‘of arm-gravel’ = JEWELS
  arm-gravel → JEWELS

  gold
  2.2. stone/rock of the arm/hand (A1)

• Hfr ErfÓl 16^I

  snœrivitnir sunds
  ‘the cable-wolf of the sea’ = SHIP
  the cable-wolf of the sea. → SHIP

  ship, boat
  1.1.2. wild animal of the sea

• Hfr ErfÓl 17^I

  snót sverða
  ‘the lady of swords’ = Hildr
  the lady of swords → Hildr

  valkyrie
  1.2. woman of weapons and armour (B2b)

• Hfr ErfÓl 17^I

  hefnir Hôkonar
  ‘Hákon’s avenger’ = Eiríkr
  Hákon’s avenger → Eiríkr

  Eiríkr jarl Hákonarson (r. c. 1000-c. 1014)
  2. avenger of Hákon jarl Sigurðarson

• Hfr ErfÓl 17^I

  þeim hýjǫfnum Goti hlýrs
  ‘that very straight Goti of the bow’ = SHIP
  that very straight Goti of the bow → SHIP

  ship, boat
  1.2.1.1. horse of the ship

• Hfr ErfÓl 18^I

  Heita dýrbliks dynsæðinga hungrdeyfir
  ‘hunger-soother of the din-gulls of the beast-gleam of Heiti’ = WARRIOR
  the beast of Heiti → SHIP
  the gleam of the SHIP → SHIELD
  the din of the SHIELD → BATTLE
  the gulls of the BATTLE → RAVENS/EAGLES
  the hunger-soother of RAVENS/EAGLES → WARRIOR

  warrior
  3.1.01. feeder of the bird of battlefield

• Hfr ErfÓl 18^I

  Heita dýrbliks dynsæðingr
  ‘of the gulls of the din of the gleam of the beast of Heiti’ = RAVENS/EAGLES
  the beast of Heiti → SHIP
  the gleam of the SHIP → SHIELD
  the din of the SHIELD → BATTLE
  the gulls of the BATTLE → RAVENS/EAGLES

  raven/eagle
  1.1. bird of battle (A2)

• Hfr ErfÓl 18^I

  Heita dýrbliks dynr
  ‘of the din of the gleam of the beast of Heiti’ = BATTLE
  the beast of Heiti → SHIP
  the gleam of the SHIP → SHIELD
  the din of the SHIELD → BATTLE

  battle
  2.1.3. din of shields

• Hfr ErfÓl 18^I

  Heita dýrblik
  ‘of the gleam of the beast of Heiti’ = SHIELD
  the beast of Heiti → SHIP
  the gleam of the SHIP → SHIELD

  shield
  . gleam of the ship

• Hfr ErfÓl 18^I

  Heita dýr
  ‘of the beast of Heiti’ = SHIP
  the beast of Heiti → SHIP

  ship, boat
  1.3.2. wild animal of the sea-king

• Hfr ErfÓl 19^I

  landvǫrðr
  ‘the land’s guardian’ = RULER = Óláfr
  The land’s guardian → RULER = Óláfr

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  5.1. guardian of the land

• Hfr ErfÓl 19^I

  árr elds hôklifs hauka
  ‘envoys of the fire of the high cliff of hawks’ = GENEROUS MEN
  the high cliff of hawks → ARM
  the fire of the ARM → GOLD
  envoys of the GOLD → GENEROUS MEN

  generous man
  2.7. envoy of wealth

• Hfr ErfÓl 19^I

  eldr hôklifs hauka
  ‘of the fire of the high cliff of hawks’ = GOLD
  the high cliff of hawks → ARM
  the fire of the ARM → GOLD

  gold
  2.1.1. fire of the arm/hand (A1)

• Hfr ErfÓl 19^I

  hôklif hauka
  ‘of the high cliff of hawks’ = ARM
  the high cliff of hawks → ARM

  arm, hand
  1.1.1. land of the bird of prey (A3)

• Hfr ErfÓl 20^I

  árr oddbragðs
  ‘the envoy of the point-thrust’ = WARRIOR
  the point-thrust, → BATTLE
  The envoy of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

  warrior
  2.5.2.1. messenger of battle

• Hfr ErfÓl 20^I

  oddbragð
  ‘of the point-thrust’ = BATTLE
  the point-thrust, → BATTLE

  battle
  9. moving/motion of weapons

• Hfr ErfÓl 20^I

  gramr lofða
  ‘the ruler of warriors’ = Óláfr
  the ruler of warriors → Óláfr

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  1.1. lord of people

• Hfr ErfÓl 20^I

  læstyggs burr Tryggva
  ‘of the deceit-shunning son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
  the deceit-shunning son of Tryggvi. → Óláfr

  Óláfr I Tryggvason (r. c. 995-c. 1000)
  1.1. descendant of Tryggvi Óláfsson

• Hfr ErfÓl 20^I

  él stála
  ‘the blizzard of steel weapons’ = BATTLE
  the blizzard of steel weapons; → BATTLE

  battle
  1.2.1. shower of weapons

• Hfr ErfÓl 21^I

  líð lýða landherðar
  ‘ale of the folk of the land-shoulder’ = POETRY
  the land-shoulder —, → ROCK
  the folk of the ROCK → GIANTS
  ale of GIANTS → POETRY

  poetry
  1.3.1. drink of the giants

• Hfr ErfÓl 21^I

  lýðr landherðar
  ‘of the folk of the land-shoulder’ = GIANTS
  the land-shoulder —, → ROCK
  the folk of the ROCK → GIANTS

  giant
  1.1. man of the mountains

• Hfr ErfÓl 21^I

  landherðr
  ‘of the land-shoulder’ = ROCK
  the land-shoulder —, → ROCK

  rock, stone
  1.1. body parts of the earth

• Hfr ErfÓl 21^I

  margdýrr stýrir mundjǫkuls
  ‘the magnificent controller of hand-icicle’ = MAN
  hand-icicle → SILVER
  the magnificent controller of the SILVER → MAN

  male, man
  3.06. steerer of riches

• Hfr ErfÓl 21^I

  mundjǫkull
  ‘of hand-icicle’ = SILVER
  hand-icicle → SILVER

  silver
  1.1. ice of the arm/hand

• Hfr ErfÓl 22^I

  kennir auðar
  ‘the master of riches’ = MAN
  the master of riches → MAN

  male, man
  3.03. master of riches

• Hfr ErfÓl 22^I

  gnaustan malma
  ‘the clashing of metal weapons’ = BATTLE
  the clashing of metal weapons. → BATTLE

  battle
  2.1. din of weapons

• Hfr ErfÓl 23^I

  nenninn dróttinn Norðmanna
  ‘the energetic lord of Norwegians’ = Óláfr
  the energetic lord of Norwegians → Óláfr

  Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
  1.1. ruler of the Norwegians

• Hfr ErfÓl 23^I

  dýrr stjóri dróttar
  ‘the worthy steerer of the retinue’ = RULER
  the worthy steerer of the retinue → RULER

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  1.1. lord of people

• Hfr ErfÓl 23^I

  flugstyggs sonr Tryggva
  ‘of the flight-shunning son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
  the flight-shunning son of Tryggvi. → Óláfr

  Óláfr I Tryggvason (r. c. 995-c. 1000)
  1.1. descendant of Tryggvi Óláfsson

• Hfr ErfÓl 24^I

  Týr sverða
  ‘The Týr of swords’ = WARRIOR
  The Týr of swords → WARRIOR

  warrior
  1.4.1.06. Týr of the weapon

• Hfr ErfÓl 24^I

  vindr meyjar Heðins
  ‘the wind of the maiden of Heðinn’ = BATTLE
  the maiden of Heðinn, → Hildr
  the wind of HILDR → BATTLE

  battle
  1.1.3. storm/wind of the valkyrie

• Hfr ErfÓl 24^I

  mær Heðins
  ‘of the maiden of Heðinn’ = Hildr
  the maiden of Heðinn, → Hildr

  Hildr
  1. woman of Heðinn and the Hjaðningar (C3a)

• Hfr ErfÓl 24^I

  vígþeyr
  ‘war-breeze’ = BATTLE
  war-breeze, → BATTLE

  battle
  1.1.7. storm/wind of battle

• Hfr ErfÓl 24^I

  mǫrg bitr benkneif
  ‘many a biting wound-hook’ = SWORD
  many a biting wound-hook → SWORD

  sword
  10.2. tool of the wound

• Hfr ErfÓl 25^I

  optþverrir sultar ulfa
  ‘the frequent diminisher of the famine of wolves’ = WARRIOR
  the frequent diminisher of the famine of wolves, → WARRIOR

  warrior
  3.2.1. feeder of the wolf

• Hfr ErfÓl 25^I

  skalmǫld
  ‘a sword-age’ = BATTLE
  a sword-age → BATTLE

  battle
  14.1. time of the sword

• Hfr ErfÓl 25^I

  dróttinn virða
  ‘the lord of men’ = RULER
  the lord of men; → RULER

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  1.1. lord of people

• Hfr ErfÓl 26a^I

  Norðra niðbyrðr
  ‘kin-burden of Norðri’ = SKY
  the kin of Norðri. → DWARFS
  the burden of DWARFS → SKY

  sky/heaven
  9.1.1. burden of the dwarfs

• Hfr ErfÓl 26a^I

  Norðra niðr
  ‘of the kin of Norðri’ = DWARFS
  the kin of Norðri. → DWARFS

  dwarf
  1. relative of the dwarf

• Hfr ErfÓl 26a^I

  margauka móts mækis, þess
  ‘for the much-increaser of the meeting of the sword’ = WARRIOR
  the meeting of the sword → BATTLE
  for the much-increaser of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

  warrior
  2.5.1. increaser / strengthener of battle

• Hfr ErfÓl 26a^I

  mót mækis
  ‘of the meeting of the sword’ = BATTLE
  the meeting of the sword → BATTLE

  battle
  3.1.1. meeting of swords

• Hfr ErfÓl 26a^I

  breiðan barðmáni
  ‘the broad prow-moon’ = SHIELD
  the broad prow-moon. → SHIELD

  shield
  1.01. heavenly body of the ship

• Hfr ErfÓl 28^I

  flugstyggs sonr Tryggva
  ‘of the flight-shunning son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
  the flight-shunning son of Tryggvi. → Óláfr

  Óláfr I Tryggvason (r. c. 995-c. 1000)
  1.1. descendant of Tryggvi Óláfsson

• Hfr Hákdr 1^III

  inn ríki rœkilundr randfárs
  ‘the mighty heeding-tree of shield-harm’ = WARRIOR
  shield-harm, → SWORD
  The mighty heeding-tree of the SWORD → WARRIOR

  warrior
  1.7.06. carer of the weapon

• Hfr Hákdr 1^III

  randfár
  ‘of shield-harm’ = SWORD
  shield-harm, → SWORD

  sword
  9.1.1. harm of the shield

• Hfr Hákdr 1^III

  Ullar askþollr
  ‘Ullr’s ship-firs’ = WARRIORS
  Ullr’s ship → SHIELD
  firs of the SHIELD → WARRIORS

  warrior
  1.1.2. tree of the shield

• Hfr Hákdr 1^III

  Ullar askr
  ‘of Ullr’s ship’ = SHIELD
  Ullr’s ship → SHIELD

  shield
  13.1. ship of Ullr

• Hfr Hákdr 2^III

  ólítit hryngráp vápna Egils
  ‘not a little ringing hail of Egill’s weapons’ = ARROWS
  Egill’s weapons → BOWS
  Not a little ringing hail of BOWS → ARROWS

  arrow
  1.1. shower of the bow

• Hfr Hákdr 2^III

  vápn Egils
  ‘of Egill’s weapons’ = BOWS
  Egill’s weapons → BOWS

  bow
  . weapon of Egill

• Hfr Hákdr 2^III

  skyrta Hamðis
  ‘Hamðir’s shirts’ = MAIL-SHIRTS
  Hamðir’s shirts → MAIL-SHIRTS

  mail-coat
  1.2. garment of a legendary hero

• Hfr Hákdr 2^III

  sumum runnr unndýrs
  ‘of some bushes of the wave-beast’ = SEAFARERS
  the wave-beast → SHIP
  some bushes of the SHIP → SEAFARERS

  seafarer
  1.2. tree of the ship

• Hfr Hákdr 2^III

  unndýr
  ‘of the wave-beast’ = SHIP
  the wave-beast → SHIP

  ship, boat
  1.1.2. wild animal of the sea

• Hfr Hákdr 2^III

  bjǫrt fat Sǫrla
  ‘the bright garments of Sǫrli’ = MAIL-SHIRTS
  the bright garments of Sǫrli → MAIL-SHIRTS

  mail-coat
  1.2. garment of a legendary hero

• Hfr Hákdr 2^III

  benfúrr
  ‘by wound-fire’ = SWORD
  by wound-fire → SWORD

  sword
  1.1.04. fire of the wound

• Hfr Hákdr 2^III

  méilskúr
  ‘in missile-showers’ = BATTLE
  in missile-showers; → BATTLE

  battle
  1.2.1. shower of weapons

• Hfr Hákdr 3^III

  gǫtvar geirrotu
  ‘garments of spear-downpour’ = MAIL-SHIRTS
  spear-downpour, → BATTLE
  garments of the BATTLE → MAIL-SHIRTS

  mail-coat
  1.1. garment of battle

• Hfr Hákdr 3^III

  geirrota
  ‘of spear-downpour’ = BATTLE
  spear-downpour, → BATTLE

  battle
  1.2.1.3. shower of spears

• Hfr Hákdr 3^III

  hungreyðandi gagls Hanga
  ‘hunger-assuagers of the gosling of Hangi’ = WARRIORS
  the gosling of Hangi → RAVEN
  hunger-assuagers of the RAVEN → WARRIORS

  warrior
  3.1.01. feeder of the bird of battlefield

• Hfr Hákdr 3^III

  gagl Hanga
  ‘of the gosling of Hangi’ = RAVEN
  the gosling of Hangi → RAVEN

  raven
  1.1. bird of Óðinn (A2)

• Hfr Hákdr 3^III

  hagl strengjar
  ‘the hailstone of the bowstring’ = ARROW
  the hailstone of the bowstring. → ARROW

  arrow
  1.1. shower of the bow

• Hfr Hákdr 4^III

  gunnríkr rúni grams
  ‘the battle-powerful prince’s confidant’ = RULER
  The battle-powerful prince’s confidant, → RULER

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  2.4. friend of the ruler

• Hfr Hákdr 4^III

  váð Hǫgna
  ‘the clothes of Hǫgni’ = MAIL-SHIRT
  the clothes of Hǫgni, → MAIL-SHIRT

  mail-coat
  1.7. garment of the sea-king

• Hfr Hákdr 5^III

  snarr þiggjandi viggjar byrjar
  ‘the swift receiver of the horse of the breeze’ = SEAFARER
  the horse of the breeze → SHIP
  The swift receiver of the SHIP → SEAFARER

  seafarer
  1.1.08. owner of the ship

• Hfr Hákdr 5^III

  viggr byrjar
  ‘of the horse of the breeze’ = SHIP
  the horse of the breeze → SHIP

  ship, boat
  1.4.1. horse of fair wind

• Hfr Hákdr 5^III

  barrhaddaða biðkván Þriðja
  ‘the foliage-haired waiting wife of Þriði’ = Jǫrð (jǫrð ‘earth’)
  the foliage-haired waiting wife of Þriði → Jǫrð (jǫrð ‘earth’)

  Jǫrð
  1. consort of Óðinn (C3a)

• Hfr Hákdr 5^III

  sannyrði sverða
  ‘by means of true words of swords’ = BATTLE
  by means of true words of swords. → BATTLE

  battle
  6.07. words of swords

• Hfr Hákdr 6^III

  frægjan fleygjandi
  ‘the renowned flinger [of riches]’ = GENEROUS MAN
  the renowned flinger [of riches] → GENEROUS MAN

  generous man
  2.3. flinger of wealth

• Hfr Hákdr 6^III

  systir Auðs
  ‘Auðr’s sister’ = Jǫrð (jǫrð ‘earth’)
  Auðr’s sister → Jǫrð (jǫrð ‘earth’)

  Jǫrð
  5. sister of Auðr (C4a)

• Hfr Hákdr 6^III

  ítran menþverrir
  ‘the glorious ring-diminisher’ = GENEROUS MAN
  the glorious ring-diminisher. → GENEROUS MAN

  generous man
  1.03.3. diminisher of the necklace

• Hfr Hákdr 7^III

  sá snjallráðr spjalli konungs
  ‘that shrewdly-advising king’s intimate’ = RULER
  that shrewdly-advising king’s intimate → RULER

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  2.4. friend of the ruler

• Hfr Hákdr 7^III

  eingadóttir Ónars
  ‘the only daughter of Ónarr’ = Jǫrð (jǫrð ‘earth’)
  the only daughter of Ónarr, → Jǫrð (jǫrð ‘earth’)

  Jǫrð
  2. woman of Ánarr/Ónarr (C3a or C4a)

• Hfr Hákdr 8^III

  stefnir Hrafna stǫðvar
  ‘the steerer of the Hrafnar of the harbour’ = SEAFARER
  the Hrafnar of the harbour → SHIPS
  The steerer of SHIPS → SEAFARER

  seafarer
  1.1.01.1. steerer of the ship

• Hfr Hákdr 8^III

  Hrafn stǫðvar
  ‘of the Hrafnar of the harbour’ = SHIPS
  the Hrafnar of the harbour → SHIPS

  ship, boat
  1.1.1.1. horse of the sea

• Hfr Hákdr 8^III

  breiðleita brúðr Báleygs
  ‘the broad-faced bride of Báleygr’ = Jǫrð (jǫrð ‘earth’)
  the broad-faced bride of Báleygr → Jǫrð (jǫrð ‘earth’)

  Jǫrð
  1. consort of Óðinn (C3a)

• Hfr Hákdr 8^III

  ríkismál stála
  ‘with sovereign speeches of swords’ = BATTLE
  with sovereign speeches of swords. → BATTLE

  battle
  6.04. speech of weapons

• Hfr Óldr 2^I

  hjǫrdjarfr dróttinn hersa
  ‘the sword-bold lord of hersar’ = RULER
  The sword-bold lord of hersar → RULER

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  2.2. lord of princes

• Hfr Óldr 2^I

  gollskerðir
  ‘the gold-diminisher’ = GENEROUS MAN
  the gold-diminisher → GENEROUS MAN

  generous man
  1.01.1. destroyer of gold

• Hfr Óldr 2^I

  geirþeyr
  ‘spear-breeze’ = BATTLE
  spear-breeze → BATTLE

  battle
  1.1.1.3. storm/wind of spears

• Hfr Óldr 2^I

  hleypimeiðr hlunnviggja
  ‘the impelling tree of the roller-steeds’ = SEAFARER
  the roller-steeds → SHIPS
  The impelling tree of SHIPS → SEAFARER

  seafarer
  1.2. tree of the ship

• Hfr Óldr 2^I

  hlunnvigg
  ‘of the roller-steeds’ = SHIPS
  the roller-steeds → SHIPS

  ship, boat
  1.2.1.1. horse of the ship

• Hfr Óldr 2^I

  barklaust birki bǫðserkjar
  ‘the barkless birches of the battle-shirt’ = WARRIORS
  the battle-shirt → MAIL-SHIRT
  the barkless birches of the MAIL-SHIRT → WARRIORS

  warrior
  1.2.2. tree of the mail-coat

• Hfr Óldr 2^I

  bǫðserkr
  ‘of the battle-shirt’ = MAIL-SHIRT
  the battle-shirt → MAIL-SHIRT

  mail-coat
  1.1. garment of battle

• Hfr Óldr 3^I

  sonr Tryggva
  ‘Tryggvi’s son’ = Óláfr Tryggvason
  Tryggvi’s son, → Óláfr Tryggvason

  Óláfr I Tryggvason (r. c. 995-c. 1000)
  1.1. descendant of Tryggvi Óláfsson

• Hfr Óldr 3^I

  styggvan, ljótvaxinn hestr Leiknar
  ‘the edgy, ugly-grown horse of Leikn’ = WOLF
  the edgy, ugly-grown horse of Leikn. → WOLF

  wolf
  1.1. horse of the giantess, troll-woman (A3)

• Hfr Óldr 3^I

  blǫkku stóð kveldriðu
  ‘the black stud of the evening-rider’ = WOLF
  the evening-rider → TROLL-WOMAN
  the black stud of the TROLL-WOMAN → WOLF

  wolf
  1.1. horse of the giantess, troll-woman (A3)

• Hfr Óldr 3^I

  kveldriða
  ‘of the evening-rider’ = TROLL-WOMAN
  the evening-rider → TROLL-WOMAN

  giantess, troll-woman
  3. roamer of the evening (B1a)

• Hfr Óldr 4^I

  hǫrð hræskóð
  ‘hard corpse-harmers’ = SWORDS
  hard corpse-harmers → SWORDS

  sword
  9.1.4. harm of the corpse

• Hfr Óldr 4^I

  ríkr lægir róg rekka
  ‘the powerful subduer of the strife of men’ = JUST RULER
  The powerful subduer of the strife of men → JUST RULER

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  . destroyer of strife

• Hfr Óldr 4^I

  herstefnir
  ‘the army-commander’ = RULER
  the army-commander → RULER

  chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
  3.1. commander of the army

• Hfr Óldr 5^I

  sá nœrir naddskúrar
  ‘that nourisher of the missile-shower’ = WARRIOR
  the missile-shower → BATTLE
  that nourisher of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

  warrior
  2.5.1.2. feeder of battle

• Hfr Óldr 5^I

  naddskúr
  ‘of the missile-shower’ = BATTLE
  the missile-shower → BATTLE

  battle
  1.2.1. shower of weapons

• Hfr Óldr 5^I

  gjóðr hríðar geira
  ‘for the osprey of the storm of spears’ = RAVEN/EAGLE
  the storm of spears. → BATTLE
  for the osprey of the BATTLE → RAVEN/EAGLE

  raven/eagle
  1.1. bird of battle (A2)

• Hfr Óldr 5^I

  hríð geira
  ‘of the storm of spears’ = BATTLE
  the storm of spears. → BATTLE

  battle
  1.2.1.3. shower of spears

• Hfr Óldr 6^I

  skerðir seims
  ‘the diminisher of gold’ = GENEROUS MAN
  The diminisher of gold → GENEROUS MAN

  generous man
  1.01.1. destroyer of gold

• Hfr Óldr 6^I

  sverðleikr
  ‘sword-sport’ = BATTLE
  sword-sport → BATTLE

  battle
  4.1.1. play of swords

• Hfr Óldr 6^I

  ógnblíðr greddir ulfa
  ‘the battle-glad feeder of wolves’ = WARRIOR
  the battle-glad feeder of wolves → WARRIOR

  warrior
  3.2.1. feeder of the wolf

• Hfr Óldr 6^I

  œgir ýdrógar
  ‘the terrifier of the bow-string’ = WARRIOR
  The terrifier of the bow-string → WARRIOR

  warrior
  1.7.02.2. terrifier of the weapon

• Hfr Óldr 6^I

  Týr dýrra tjǫrva
  ‘the Týr of precious spears’ = WARRIOR
  the Týr of precious spears → WARRIOR

  warrior
  1.4.1.06. Týr of the weapon