Ragnarr loðbrók, Lausavísur 6

[5] sjá dýra dagrýfir ‘this breaker of the light of hands [(lit. ‘light-breaker of hands’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’: This interpretation of the kenning involves no emendation. Kock’s interpretation (NN §§181, 2367; Skald) as dýra dagrýfir ‘breaker of the life of animals [(lit. ‘life-breaker of animals’) HUNTSMAN]’ involves no emendation either, but has the twofold disadvantage that kennings for ‘huntsman’ are nowhere else attested in the skaldic corpus, and that examples of dagr ‘day’ in the meaning ‘life’ are similarly hard to find, whether as an element in a kenning or elsewhere. It is clear that rýfir ‘breaker’ is an agent noun formed from rjúfa, rýfa ‘break, split’. Kock’s interpretation (‘huntsman’), formed by analogy with fjǫrspillir bǫlverðungar Belja ‘the life-destroyer of the evil-causing troop of Beli [GIANTS > = Þórr]’ (Þjóð Haustl 18/1, 3^III) (NN §181) is followed by Örnólfur Thorsson (Ragn 1985). The interpretation offered here, ‘generous man’, as well as avoiding emendation, has the advantage of being consistent with what seems to be said of Ragnarr’s son Sigurðr in st. 9/7-8. It may be defended on the grounds that dagr m. ‘day’ can mean by extension ‘light’ in kennings for ‘gold’, where it appears not infrequently as a base-word (see Meissner 233), and that dýra may be understood here as gen. pl. not of dýr n. ‘animal’ but of dýr n. (?) (LP: dýr 2), listed as a heiti for ‘hand’ in Þul Á hendi 1/2^III, thus enabling dagr dýra ‘light of hands’ to be interpreted as a gold-kenning, here forming part of the inverted kenning dýra dagrýfir ‘breaker of the light of hands (lit. ‘light-breaker of hands)’, i.e. a breaker-up of gold, a generous man. Olsen (Ragn 1906-8, 202), following advice personally communicated by Bugge, also arrives at the interpretation ‘generous man’, but as a result of emending, no doubt for metrical reasons, to dagrífr ‘daylight-tearer’, with ‑rífr taken as an agent noun formed from rífa ‘tear’, and dýr understood as ‘hand’ on the basis just described. Hence: ‘tearer-up of the daylight of hands [(lit. ‘daylight-tearer of hands’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B), followed by Guðni Jónsson (FSGJ), emends to dýja dagrýrir ‘diminisher of the daylight of swamps [(lit. ‘daylight-diminisher of swamps’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’ (cf. LP: dagr 1 and LP: dý and rýrir), where the gold-kenning should be viewed as one of the ‘wave-fire’ type, cf. the Note to 9/6, above, as also in the case of Bugge’s further suggestion, referred to by Olsen (Ragn 1906-8, 202-3), of Dyrnar dagrífr ‘tearer-up of the daylight of the river [(lit. ‘daylight-tearer of the river’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’, Dyrn, Durn f. being a river-name (LP: durn and dyrn; Þul Á 3/1^III; SnE 1998 I, 125, II, 453; CVC: Dyrn).

Close

hefir ‘has’

(not checked:)
hafa (verb): have

Close

dag ‘of the light’

(not checked:)
dagr (noun m.; °-s, dat. degi/dag/dagi(Thom¹ 332¹n.); -ar): day < dagrýfir (noun m.): [breaker of life]

[5] dagrýfir (‘dagr yfir’): ‘d(a)g(ur) […]’(?) 147

kennings

Sjá dýra dagrýfir,
‘light-breaker of hands’
= GENEROUS MAN
the light of hands , → GOLD
This breaker of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

notes

[5] sjá dýra dagrýfir ‘this breaker of the light of hands [(lit. ‘light-breaker of hands’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’: This interpretation of the kenning involves no emendation. Kock’s interpretation (NN §§181, 2367; Skald) as dýra dagrýfir ‘breaker of the life of animals [(lit. ‘life-breaker of animals’) HUNTSMAN]’ involves no emendation either, but has the twofold disadvantage that kennings for ‘huntsman’ are nowhere else attested in the skaldic corpus, and that examples of dagr ‘day’ in the meaning ‘life’ are similarly hard to find, whether as an element in a kenning or elsewhere. It is clear that rýfir ‘breaker’ is an agent noun formed from rjúfa, rýfa ‘break, split’. Kock’s interpretation (‘huntsman’), formed by analogy with fjǫrspillir bǫlverðungar Belja ‘the life-destroyer of the evil-causing troop of Beli [GIANTS > = Þórr]’ (Þjóð Haustl 18/1, 3^III) (NN §181) is followed by Örnólfur Thorsson (Ragn 1985). The interpretation offered here, ‘generous man’, as well as avoiding emendation, has the advantage of being consistent with what seems to be said of Ragnarr’s son Sigurðr in st. 9/7-8. It may be defended on the grounds that dagr m. ‘day’ can mean by extension ‘light’ in kennings for ‘gold’, where it appears not infrequently as a base-word (see Meissner 233), and that dýra may be understood here as gen. pl. not of dýr n. ‘animal’ but of dýr n. (?) (LP: dýr 2), listed as a heiti for ‘hand’ in Þul Á hendi 1/2^III, thus enabling dagr dýra ‘light of hands’ to be interpreted as a gold-kenning, here forming part of the inverted kenning dýra dagrýfir ‘breaker of the light of hands (lit. ‘light-breaker of hands)’, i.e. a breaker-up of gold, a generous man. Olsen (Ragn 1906-8, 202), following advice personally communicated by Bugge, also arrives at the interpretation ‘generous man’, but as a result of emending, no doubt for metrical reasons, to dagrífr ‘daylight-tearer’, with ‑rífr taken as an agent noun formed from rífa ‘tear’, and dýr understood as ‘hand’ on the basis just described. Hence: ‘tearer-up of the daylight of hands [(lit. ‘daylight-tearer of hands’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B), followed by Guðni Jónsson (FSGJ), emends to dýja dagrýrir ‘diminisher of the daylight of swamps [(lit. ‘daylight-diminisher of swamps’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’ (cf. LP: dagr 1 and LP: dý and rýrir), where the gold-kenning should be viewed as one of the ‘wave-fire’ type, cf. the Note to 9/6, above, as also in the case of Bugge’s further suggestion, referred to by Olsen (Ragn 1906-8, 202-3), of Dyrnar dagrífr ‘tearer-up of the daylight of the river [(lit. ‘daylight-tearer of the river’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’, Dyrn, Durn f. being a river-name (LP: durn and dyrn; Þul Á 3/1^III; SnE 1998 I, 125, II, 453; CVC: Dyrn).

Close

dag ‘of the light’

(not checked:)
dagr (noun m.; °-s, dat. degi/dag/dagi(Thom¹ 332¹n.); -ar): day < dagrýfir (noun m.): [breaker of life]

[5] dagrýfir (‘dagr yfir’): ‘d(a)g(ur) […]’(?) 147

kennings

Sjá dýra dagrýfir,
‘light-breaker of hands’
= GENEROUS MAN
the light of hands , → GOLD
This breaker of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

notes

[5] sjá dýra dagrýfir ‘this breaker of the light of hands [(lit. ‘light-breaker of hands’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’: This interpretation of the kenning involves no emendation. Kock’s interpretation (NN §§181, 2367; Skald) as dýra dagrýfir ‘breaker of the life of animals [(lit. ‘life-breaker of animals’) HUNTSMAN]’ involves no emendation either, but has the twofold disadvantage that kennings for ‘huntsman’ are nowhere else attested in the skaldic corpus, and that examples of dagr ‘day’ in the meaning ‘life’ are similarly hard to find, whether as an element in a kenning or elsewhere. It is clear that rýfir ‘breaker’ is an agent noun formed from rjúfa, rýfa ‘break, split’. Kock’s interpretation (‘huntsman’), formed by analogy with fjǫrspillir bǫlverðungar Belja ‘the life-destroyer of the evil-causing troop of Beli [GIANTS > = Þórr]’ (Þjóð Haustl 18/1, 3^III) (NN §181) is followed by Örnólfur Thorsson (Ragn 1985). The interpretation offered here, ‘generous man’, as well as avoiding emendation, has the advantage of being consistent with what seems to be said of Ragnarr’s son Sigurðr in st. 9/7-8. It may be defended on the grounds that dagr m. ‘day’ can mean by extension ‘light’ in kennings for ‘gold’, where it appears not infrequently as a base-word (see Meissner 233), and that dýra may be understood here as gen. pl. not of dýr n. ‘animal’ but of dýr n. (?) (LP: dýr 2), listed as a heiti for ‘hand’ in Þul Á hendi 1/2^III, thus enabling dagr dýra ‘light of hands’ to be interpreted as a gold-kenning, here forming part of the inverted kenning dýra dagrýfir ‘breaker of the light of hands (lit. ‘light-breaker of hands)’, i.e. a breaker-up of gold, a generous man. Olsen (Ragn 1906-8, 202), following advice personally communicated by Bugge, also arrives at the interpretation ‘generous man’, but as a result of emending, no doubt for metrical reasons, to dagrífr ‘daylight-tearer’, with ‑rífr taken as an agent noun formed from rífa ‘tear’, and dýr understood as ‘hand’ on the basis just described. Hence: ‘tearer-up of the daylight of hands [(lit. ‘daylight-tearer of hands’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B), followed by Guðni Jónsson (FSGJ), emends to dýja dagrýrir ‘diminisher of the daylight of swamps [(lit. ‘daylight-diminisher of swamps’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’ (cf. LP: dagr 1 and LP: dý and rýrir), where the gold-kenning should be viewed as one of the ‘wave-fire’ type, cf. the Note to 9/6, above, as also in the case of Bugge’s further suggestion, referred to by Olsen (Ragn 1906-8, 202-3), of Dyrnar dagrífr ‘tearer-up of the daylight of the river [(lit. ‘daylight-tearer of the river’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’, Dyrn, Durn f. being a river-name (LP: durn and dyrn; Þul Á 3/1^III; SnE 1998 I, 125, II, 453; CVC: Dyrn).

Close

rýfir ‘breaker’

(not checked:)
rýfir (noun m.) < dagrýfir (noun m.): [breaker of life]

[5] dagrýfir (‘dagr yfir’): ‘d(a)g(ur) […]’(?) 147

kennings

Sjá dýra dagrýfir,
‘light-breaker of hands’
= GENEROUS MAN
the light of hands , → GOLD
This breaker of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

notes

[5] sjá dýra dagrýfir ‘this breaker of the light of hands [(lit. ‘light-breaker of hands’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’: This interpretation of the kenning involves no emendation. Kock’s interpretation (NN §§181, 2367; Skald) as dýra dagrýfir ‘breaker of the life of animals [(lit. ‘life-breaker of animals’) HUNTSMAN]’ involves no emendation either, but has the twofold disadvantage that kennings for ‘huntsman’ are nowhere else attested in the skaldic corpus, and that examples of dagr ‘day’ in the meaning ‘life’ are similarly hard to find, whether as an element in a kenning or elsewhere. It is clear that rýfir ‘breaker’ is an agent noun formed from rjúfa, rýfa ‘break, split’. Kock’s interpretation (‘huntsman’), formed by analogy with fjǫrspillir bǫlverðungar Belja ‘the life-destroyer of the evil-causing troop of Beli [GIANTS > = Þórr]’ (Þjóð Haustl 18/1, 3^III) (NN §181) is followed by Örnólfur Thorsson (Ragn 1985). The interpretation offered here, ‘generous man’, as well as avoiding emendation, has the advantage of being consistent with what seems to be said of Ragnarr’s son Sigurðr in st. 9/7-8. It may be defended on the grounds that dagr m. ‘day’ can mean by extension ‘light’ in kennings for ‘gold’, where it appears not infrequently as a base-word (see Meissner 233), and that dýra may be understood here as gen. pl. not of dýr n. ‘animal’ but of dýr n. (?) (LP: dýr 2), listed as a heiti for ‘hand’ in Þul Á hendi 1/2^III, thus enabling dagr dýra ‘light of hands’ to be interpreted as a gold-kenning, here forming part of the inverted kenning dýra dagrýfir ‘breaker of the light of hands (lit. ‘light-breaker of hands)’, i.e. a breaker-up of gold, a generous man. Olsen (Ragn 1906-8, 202), following advice personally communicated by Bugge, also arrives at the interpretation ‘generous man’, but as a result of emending, no doubt for metrical reasons, to dagrífr ‘daylight-tearer’, with ‑rífr taken as an agent noun formed from rífa ‘tear’, and dýr understood as ‘hand’ on the basis just described. Hence: ‘tearer-up of the daylight of hands [(lit. ‘daylight-tearer of hands’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B), followed by Guðni Jónsson (FSGJ), emends to dýja dagrýrir ‘diminisher of the daylight of swamps [(lit. ‘daylight-diminisher of swamps’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’ (cf. LP: dagr 1 and LP: dý and rýrir), where the gold-kenning should be viewed as one of the ‘wave-fire’ type, cf. the Note to 9/6, above, as also in the case of Bugge’s further suggestion, referred to by Olsen (Ragn 1906-8, 202-3), of Dyrnar dagrífr ‘tearer-up of the daylight of the river [(lit. ‘daylight-tearer of the river’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’, Dyrn, Durn f. being a river-name (LP: durn and dyrn; Þul Á 3/1^III; SnE 1998 I, 125, II, 453; CVC: Dyrn).

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dýra ‘of hands ’

(not checked:)
1. dýr (noun n.; °-s (spec.: dyʀiɴs KonrA 66⁴, etc., cf. Seip 1955 188-189); -): animal

kennings

Sjá dýra dagrýfir,
‘light-breaker of hands’
= GENEROUS MAN
the light of hands , → GOLD
This breaker of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

notes

[5] sjá dýra dagrýfir ‘this breaker of the light of hands [(lit. ‘light-breaker of hands’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’: This interpretation of the kenning involves no emendation. Kock’s interpretation (NN §§181, 2367; Skald) as dýra dagrýfir ‘breaker of the life of animals [(lit. ‘life-breaker of animals’) HUNTSMAN]’ involves no emendation either, but has the twofold disadvantage that kennings for ‘huntsman’ are nowhere else attested in the skaldic corpus, and that examples of dagr ‘day’ in the meaning ‘life’ are similarly hard to find, whether as an element in a kenning or elsewhere. It is clear that rýfir ‘breaker’ is an agent noun formed from rjúfa, rýfa ‘break, split’. Kock’s interpretation (‘huntsman’), formed by analogy with fjǫrspillir bǫlverðungar Belja ‘the life-destroyer of the evil-causing troop of Beli [GIANTS > = Þórr]’ (Þjóð Haustl 18/1, 3^III) (NN §181) is followed by Örnólfur Thorsson (Ragn 1985). The interpretation offered here, ‘generous man’, as well as avoiding emendation, has the advantage of being consistent with what seems to be said of Ragnarr’s son Sigurðr in st. 9/7-8. It may be defended on the grounds that dagr m. ‘day’ can mean by extension ‘light’ in kennings for ‘gold’, where it appears not infrequently as a base-word (see Meissner 233), and that dýra may be understood here as gen. pl. not of dýr n. ‘animal’ but of dýr n. (?) (LP: dýr 2), listed as a heiti for ‘hand’ in Þul Á hendi 1/2^III, thus enabling dagr dýra ‘light of hands’ to be interpreted as a gold-kenning, here forming part of the inverted kenning dýra dagrýfir ‘breaker of the light of hands (lit. ‘light-breaker of hands)’, i.e. a breaker-up of gold, a generous man. Olsen (Ragn 1906-8, 202), following advice personally communicated by Bugge, also arrives at the interpretation ‘generous man’, but as a result of emending, no doubt for metrical reasons, to dagrífr ‘daylight-tearer’, with ‑rífr taken as an agent noun formed from rífa ‘tear’, and dýr understood as ‘hand’ on the basis just described. Hence: ‘tearer-up of the daylight of hands [(lit. ‘daylight-tearer of hands’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B), followed by Guðni Jónsson (FSGJ), emends to dýja dagrýrir ‘diminisher of the daylight of swamps [(lit. ‘daylight-diminisher of swamps’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’ (cf. LP: dagr 1 and LP: dý and rýrir), where the gold-kenning should be viewed as one of the ‘wave-fire’ type, cf. the Note to 9/6, above, as also in the case of Bugge’s further suggestion, referred to by Olsen (Ragn 1906-8, 202-3), of Dyrnar dagrífr ‘tearer-up of the daylight of the river [(lit. ‘daylight-tearer of the river’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’, Dyrn, Durn f. being a river-name (LP: durn and dyrn; Þul Á 3/1^III; SnE 1998 I, 125, II, 453; CVC: Dyrn).

Close

dýra ‘of hands ’

(not checked:)
1. dýr (noun n.; °-s (spec.: dyʀiɴs KonrA 66⁴, etc., cf. Seip 1955 188-189); -): animal

kennings

Sjá dýra dagrýfir,
‘light-breaker of hands’
= GENEROUS MAN
the light of hands , → GOLD
This breaker of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN

notes

[5] sjá dýra dagrýfir ‘this breaker of the light of hands [(lit. ‘light-breaker of hands’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’: This interpretation of the kenning involves no emendation. Kock’s interpretation (NN §§181, 2367; Skald) as dýra dagrýfir ‘breaker of the life of animals [(lit. ‘life-breaker of animals’) HUNTSMAN]’ involves no emendation either, but has the twofold disadvantage that kennings for ‘huntsman’ are nowhere else attested in the skaldic corpus, and that examples of dagr ‘day’ in the meaning ‘life’ are similarly hard to find, whether as an element in a kenning or elsewhere. It is clear that rýfir ‘breaker’ is an agent noun formed from rjúfa, rýfa ‘break, split’. Kock’s interpretation (‘huntsman’), formed by analogy with fjǫrspillir bǫlverðungar Belja ‘the life-destroyer of the evil-causing troop of Beli [GIANTS > = Þórr]’ (Þjóð Haustl 18/1, 3^III) (NN §181) is followed by Örnólfur Thorsson (Ragn 1985). The interpretation offered here, ‘generous man’, as well as avoiding emendation, has the advantage of being consistent with what seems to be said of Ragnarr’s son Sigurðr in st. 9/7-8. It may be defended on the grounds that dagr m. ‘day’ can mean by extension ‘light’ in kennings for ‘gold’, where it appears not infrequently as a base-word (see Meissner 233), and that dýra may be understood here as gen. pl. not of dýr n. ‘animal’ but of dýr n. (?) (LP: dýr 2), listed as a heiti for ‘hand’ in Þul Á hendi 1/2^III, thus enabling dagr dýra ‘light of hands’ to be interpreted as a gold-kenning, here forming part of the inverted kenning dýra dagrýfir ‘breaker of the light of hands (lit. ‘light-breaker of hands)’, i.e. a breaker-up of gold, a generous man. Olsen (Ragn 1906-8, 202), following advice personally communicated by Bugge, also arrives at the interpretation ‘generous man’, but as a result of emending, no doubt for metrical reasons, to dagrífr ‘daylight-tearer’, with ‑rífr taken as an agent noun formed from rífa ‘tear’, and dýr understood as ‘hand’ on the basis just described. Hence: ‘tearer-up of the daylight of hands [(lit. ‘daylight-tearer of hands’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B), followed by Guðni Jónsson (FSGJ), emends to dýja dagrýrir ‘diminisher of the daylight of swamps [(lit. ‘daylight-diminisher of swamps’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’ (cf. LP: dagr 1 and LP: dý and rýrir), where the gold-kenning should be viewed as one of the ‘wave-fire’ type, cf. the Note to 9/6, above, as also in the case of Bugge’s further suggestion, referred to by Olsen (Ragn 1906-8, 202-3), of Dyrnar dagrífr ‘tearer-up of the daylight of the river [(lit. ‘daylight-tearer of the river’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’, Dyrn, Durn f. being a river-name (LP: durn and dyrn; Þul Á 3/1^III; SnE 1998 I, 125, II, 453; CVC: Dyrn).

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dælt ‘easy’

(not checked:)
dæll (adj.; °dǽlan; compar. dǽlli/dǽllri(FriðB 48¹), superl. dǽlstr): easy

[6] dælt er hann: ‘d[…] hann’ 147

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er ‘it is’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

[6] dælt er hann: ‘d[…] hann’ 147

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hann ‘him’

(not checked:)
hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

[6] dælt er hann: ‘d[…] hann’ 147

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at ‘by’

(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to

[6] at: so 147, at corrected from ‘af’ 1824b

notes

[6] at því ‘by that’: CPB, FSN, Ragn 1891, Skj B, and Skald have af ‘from’ rather than at ‘by’, ‘at’, here; all other eds have at. Ms. 1824b does not offer a clear choice between the two, as the reading is indistinct; either would be acceptable in the context.

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því ‘that’

(not checked:)
1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

notes

[6] at því ‘by that’: CPB, FSN, Ragn 1891, Skj B, and Skald have af ‘from’ rather than at ‘by’, ‘at’, here; all other eds have at. Ms. 1824b does not offer a clear choice between the two, as the reading is indistinct; either would be acceptable in the context.

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kenna ‘to recognise’

(not checked:)
kenna (verb): know, teach

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hvass ‘keen’

(not checked:)
hvass (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): keen, sharp

[7] hvass: ‘hv(a)ss’(?) so 147, hauss 1824b

notes

[7] hvass ‘keen as he is’: CPB, FSN, and Ragn 1891 retain here the 1824b reading hauss, i.e. hǫss ‘grey, dark’, which makes little sense in the context; all other eds have hvass ‘keen’, an appropriate adj. for Sigurðr Ragnarsson, since it may also be used of keen-seeing eyes (LP: hvass 2; CVC: hvass II. 2). This reading is supported by 147 and is not treated here as an emendation. As Olsen (1906-8, xv-xvi) notes, ‑au- is not infrequent in 1824b as a (mis)spelling of ‑vǫ- or -va-.

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í ‘in’

(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into

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hvarma ‘of the eyelids’

(not checked:)
hvarmr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): eyelid < hvarmatún (noun n.)

[7] hvarma‑: ‘huarm(a)’ or ‘harm(a)’(?) so 147, harma‑ 1824b

kennings

hvarmatúni;
‘the enclosure of the eyelids; ’
= EYE
the enclosure of the eyelids; → EYE

Close

túni ‘the enclosure’

(not checked:)
tún (noun n.; °-s; -): homefield, enclosure < hvarmatún (noun n.)

kennings

hvarmatúni;
‘the enclosure of the eyelids; ’
= EYE
the enclosure of the eyelids; → EYE

Close

hrings ‘a ring’

(not checked:)
1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword

[8] hrings myrkviðar fengit: ‘[…]’ 147

kennings

hrings myrkviðar
‘a ring of the murky forest ’
= SNAKE
a ring of the murky forest → SNAKE

notes

[8] hrings ‘a ring’: Base-word in kenning for ‘snake’. All eds apart from Vigfusson and Powell (CPB), Rafn (FSN), and Örnólfur Thorsson (Ragn 1985), emend here to acc., hring*, but this seems unnecessary: fá ‘obtain, acquire’ may take the gen. as well as the acc., the former usage perhaps implying the earning of something more or less deserved or (to judge from its frequent occurrence in the sense ‘take sby to wife’) acquisition in the long term; see CVC: fá IV.

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myrk ‘of the murky’

(not checked:)
2. myrkr (adj.; °-an/-jan/-van; compar. -(v)ari/-ri, superl. -(v)astr): dark, murky < myrkviðr (noun m.): [murky forest]

[8] hrings myrkviðar fengit: ‘[…]’ 147

kennings

hrings myrkviðar
‘a ring of the murky forest ’
= SNAKE
a ring of the murky forest → SNAKE

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viðar ‘forest’

(not checked:)
1. viðr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. -u/-i): wood, tree < myrkviðr (noun m.): [murky forest]

[8] hrings myrkviðar fengit: ‘[…]’ 147

kennings

hrings myrkviðar
‘a ring of the murky forest ’
= SNAKE
a ring of the murky forest → SNAKE

Close

fengit ‘received’

(not checked:)
2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive

[8] hrings myrkviðar fengit: ‘[…]’ 147

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Rloð Lv 6VIII (Ragn 10)

Sá ‘have seen’

ek ‘I’

engum ‘of no’

sveini ‘boy’

nema ‘save’

Sigurði ‘Sigurðr’

einum ‘alone’

í ‘in’

brún ‘the brow’

kennings

steinum ‘stones’

kennings

brúna ‘bright’

kennings

bráð ‘of a rock’

kennings

halls ‘face’

kennings

tau*ma ‘reins’

kennings

lagða ‘placed’

Sjá ‘This’

kennings

notes

hefir ‘has’

dag ‘of the light’

kennings

notes

dag ‘of the light’

kennings

notes

rýfir ‘breaker’

kennings

notes

dýra ‘of hands ’

kennings

notes

dýra ‘of hands ’

kennings

notes

dælt ‘easy’

er ‘it is’

hann ‘him’

at ‘by’

notes

því ‘that’

notes

kenna ‘to recognise’

hvass ‘keen’

notes

í ‘in’

hvarma ‘of the eyelids’

kennings

túni ‘the enclosure’

kennings

hrings ‘a ring’

kennings

notes

myrk ‘of the murky’

kennings

viðar ‘forest’

kennings

fengit ‘received’

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Rloð Lv 6^VIII (Ragn 10)

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