Keth Lv 10VIII (Ket 15)
Beatrice La Farge (ed.) 2017, ‘Ketils saga hœngs 15 (Ketill hœngr, Lausavísur 10)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 565.
Fljúga ‘fly’
(not checked:)
fljúga (verb): fly
notes
[1] fólknöðrur fljúga ‘battle-snakes [SPEARS] fly’: The cpd fólknaðra ‘battle-snake’ corresponds to a common type of weapon-kenning, whose base-word is a term for ‘snake’ (see Meissner 153-4). While this stanza is the only example of this usage of the component f. noun naðra, the corresponding m. noun naðr is often used in this way (see LP: naðr, naðra).
fólk ‘Battle’
(not checked:)
folk (noun n.): people < folknaðra (noun f.)
kennings
Fólknöðrur‘Battle-snakes ’
= SPEARS
Battle-snakes → SPEARS
notes
[1] fólknöðrur fljúga ‘battle-snakes [SPEARS] fly’: The cpd fólknaðra ‘battle-snake’ corresponds to a common type of weapon-kenning, whose base-word is a term for ‘snake’ (see Meissner 153-4). While this stanza is the only example of this usage of the component f. noun naðra, the corresponding m. noun naðr is often used in this way (see LP: naðr, naðra).
nöðrur ‘snakes’
(not checked:)
naðra (noun f.; °*-u; *-ur): snake < folknaðra (noun f.)
[1] ‑nöðrur: so 471, ‑nöðrum 343a
kennings
Fólknöðrur‘Battle-snakes ’
= SPEARS
Battle-snakes → SPEARS
notes
[1] fólknöðrur fljúga ‘battle-snakes [SPEARS] fly’: The cpd fólknaðra ‘battle-snake’ corresponds to a common type of weapon-kenning, whose base-word is a term for ‘snake’ (see Meissner 153-4). While this stanza is the only example of this usage of the component f. noun naðra, the corresponding m. noun naðr is often used in this way (see LP: naðr, naðra).
frækn ‘bold’
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frœkn (adj.): brave, bold
er ‘is’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
Dala ‘Dalakappi (‘the Dale’
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dalr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ir, acc. -i/-a): valley < dalakappi (noun m.): [Dale-champion]
kennings
Dalakappi‘Dalakappi (‘the Dale-champion’) ’
= Áli Uppdalakappi
Dalakappi (‘the Dale-champion’) → Áli Uppdalakappi
kappi ‘champion’)’
(not checked:)
1. kappi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): champion < dalakappi (noun m.): [Dale-champion]
kennings
Dalakappi‘Dalakappi (‘the Dale-champion’) ’
= Áli Uppdalakappi
Dalakappi (‘the Dale-champion’) → Áli Uppdalakappi
ljótr ‘ugly’
(not checked:)
ljótr (adj.): ugly
er ‘is’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
leikr ‘the play’
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1. leikr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ar): sport, play
kennings
leikr sverða,‘the play of swords, ’
= BATTLE
the play of swords, → BATTLE
kennings
leikr sverða,‘the play of swords, ’
= BATTLE
the play of swords, → BATTLE
notes
[4]: An alternative reading (so 471) is lítit er skegg á karli ‘there is little beard on the man’. This reading is preferred by Skj B and Skald. It is indubitably an insult which implies that the opponent is old (hairless and feeble) or not a ‘real man’ (cf. the derogatory remark about the beardless Njáll in Nj chs 41, 44, ÍF 12, 107, 113). A similar remark about an opponent’s beard appears in Ket 38/1.
er ‘the’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
notes
[4]: An alternative reading (so 471) is lítit er skegg á karli ‘there is little beard on the man’. This reading is preferred by Skj B and Skald. It is indubitably an insult which implies that the opponent is old (hairless and feeble) or not a ‘real man’ (cf. the derogatory remark about the beardless Njáll in Nj chs 41, 44, ÍF 12, 107, 113). A similar remark about an opponent’s beard appears in Ket 38/1.
skegg ‘beard’
(not checked:)
skegg (noun n.; °-s; -): beard
notes
[4]: An alternative reading (so 471) is lítit er skegg á karli ‘there is little beard on the man’. This reading is preferred by Skj B and Skald. It is indubitably an insult which implies that the opponent is old (hairless and feeble) or not a ‘real man’ (cf. the derogatory remark about the beardless Njáll in Nj chs 41, 44, ÍF 12, 107, 113). A similar remark about an opponent’s beard appears in Ket 38/1.
á ‘on’
(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at
notes
[4]: An alternative reading (so 471) is lítit er skegg á karli ‘there is little beard on the man’. This reading is preferred by Skj B and Skald. It is indubitably an insult which implies that the opponent is old (hairless and feeble) or not a ‘real man’ (cf. the derogatory remark about the beardless Njáll in Nj chs 41, 44, ÍF 12, 107, 113). A similar remark about an opponent’s beard appears in Ket 38/1.
karli ‘the man’
(not checked:)
karl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): (old) man
notes
[4]: An alternative reading (so 471) is lítit er skegg á karli ‘there is little beard on the man’. This reading is preferred by Skj B and Skald. It is indubitably an insult which implies that the opponent is old (hairless and feeble) or not a ‘real man’ (cf. the derogatory remark about the beardless Njáll in Nj chs 41, 44, ÍF 12, 107, 113). A similar remark about an opponent’s beard appears in Ket 38/1.
Skrapa ‘rustle’
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skrapa (verb)
skinn ‘The hide’
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skinn (noun n.; °-s; -): skin, fur, leather < skinnkyrtill (noun m.)
kyrtlar ‘kirtles’
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kyrtill (noun m.; °dat. kyrtli; kyrtlar): shirt < skinnkyrtill (noun m.)
skjálfa ‘quiver’
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1. skjalfa (verb): shake - intrans.
hring ‘the ring’
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1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword < hringskyrta (noun f.)
[6] hringskyrtur: járnserkir 471
skyrtur ‘shirts’
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skyrta (noun f.; °-u; -ur): shirt < hringskyrta (noun f.)
[6] hringskyrtur: járnserkir 471
hristaz ‘shake’
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hrista (verb): shake
járn ‘the iron’
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járn (noun n.; °-s; -): iron, weapon < járnserkr (noun m.)
[7] járnserkir: hringskyrtur 471
serkir ‘shirts’
(not checked:)
1. serkr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ir): shirt < járnserkr (noun m.)
[7] járnserkir: hringskyrtur 471
hræðiz ‘is afraid’
(not checked:)
3. hræða (verb): fear, be afraid
notes
[8] biðill meyjar hræðiz ‘the suitor of the girl is afraid’: A provocative remark, indicating Áli’s cowardice. Cf. by contrast Ket 40/1 where Ketill’s lack of cowardice is highlighted.
biðill ‘the suitor’
(not checked:)
biðill (noun m.; °dat. biðli; biðlar): [suitor, wooer]
notes
[8] biðill meyjar hræðiz ‘the suitor of the girl is afraid’: A provocative remark, indicating Áli’s cowardice. Cf. by contrast Ket 40/1 where Ketill’s lack of cowardice is highlighted.
meyjar ‘of the girl’
(not checked:)
mær (noun f.; °meyjar, dat. meyju; meyjar): maiden
notes
[8] biðill meyjar hræðiz ‘the suitor of the girl is afraid’: A provocative remark, indicating Áli’s cowardice. Cf. by contrast Ket 40/1 where Ketill’s lack of cowardice is highlighted.
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