FriðÞ Lv 31VIII (Frið 37)
Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.) 2017, ‘Friðþjófs saga ins frœkna 37 (Friðþjófr Þorsteinsson, Lausavísur 31)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 236.
Nú ‘Now’
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nú (adv.): now
skal ‘I must’
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skulu (verb): shall, should, must
[1] skal: so Holm10 VI, 568ˣ, 27ˣ, skal ek 510, papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
þér ‘you’
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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
um ‘’
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4. of (particle): (before verb)
[1] um þakka (‘of þacka’): so Holm10 VI, 568ˣ, 27ˣ, papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, ‘of gistingt þacka’ 510, ‘ofþcka’ 173ˣ
þakka ‘thank’
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1. þakka (verb): thank
[1] um þakka (‘of þacka’): so Holm10 VI, 568ˣ, 27ˣ, papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, ‘of gistingt þacka’ 510, ‘ofþcka’ 173ˣ
þú ‘you’
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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
hefir ‘have’
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hafa (verb): have
prúðliga ‘splendidly’
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prúðliga (adv.): [splendidly]
[2] prúðliga: mest papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
veitta ‘granted’
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2. veita (verb): grant, give
[2] veitta: so Holm10 VI, 27ˣ, mik prísat vetra 510, ‘[…]’ 568ˣ, of veitta papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
búinn ‘ready’
[3] búinn: ‘[…]’ 568ˣ
er ‘is’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
greppr ‘the man’
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greppr (noun m.; °; -ar): poet, man
[3] greppr: garpr papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
notes
[3] greppr ‘man’: Friðþjófr uses the same word of himself in Frið 34/8. The B redaction mss have garpr ‘champion, hero’ here.
at ‘to’
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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
ganga ‘depart’
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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
gisting ‘hospitality’
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gisting (noun f.): accommodation, hospitality
[4] gisting ara nisti: so 27ˣ, papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, gistingar visti 510, gisting ara Holm10 VI, 568ˣ
ara ‘of the eagle’
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1. ari (noun m.; °-a; -ar): eagle
[4] gisting ara nisti: so 27ˣ, papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, gistingar visti 510, gisting ara Holm10 VI, 568ˣ
kennings
nisti ara‘to the feeder of the eagle; ’
= WARRIOR = me
to the feeder of the eagle; → WARRIOR = me
nisti ‘to the feeder’
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nistir (noun m.): feeder
[4] gisting ara nisti: so 27ˣ, papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, gistingar visti 510, gisting ara Holm10 VI, 568ˣ
kennings
nisti ara‘to the feeder of the eagle; ’
= WARRIOR = me
to the feeder of the eagle; → WARRIOR = me
Ek ‘I’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
Ingibjörgu ‘Ingibjǫrg’
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Ingibjǫrg (noun f.): Ingibjǫrg
æ ‘for ever’
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2. æ (adv.): always, forever
[6] æ meðan vit lifum bæði: meðan vit lifum bæði Holm10 VI, 27ˣ, ‘med[…]ifum bæði’ 568ˣ, æ meðan lifum bæði papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
meðan ‘as long’
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meðan (conj.): while
[6] æ meðan vit lifum bæði: meðan vit lifum bæði Holm10 VI, 27ˣ, ‘med[…]ifum bæði’ 568ˣ, æ meðan lifum bæði papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
vit ‘as we’
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2. vit (pron.): we two
[6] æ meðan vit lifum bæði: meðan vit lifum bæði Holm10 VI, 27ˣ, ‘med[…]ifum bæði’ 568ˣ, æ meðan lifum bæði papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
lifum ‘shall live’
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lifa (verb): live
[6] æ meðan vit lifum bæði: meðan vit lifum bæði Holm10 VI, 27ˣ, ‘med[…]ifum bæði’ 568ˣ, æ meðan lifum bæði papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
bæði ‘both’
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báðir (pron.; °gen. beggja (báðra), nom./acc. n. bǽði): both
[6] æ meðan vit lifum bæði: meðan vit lifum bæði Holm10 VI, 27ˣ, ‘med[…]ifum bæði’ 568ˣ, æ meðan lifum bæði papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
hon ‘she’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
[7] hon siti heil: lifi hon heil papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
siti ‘remain’
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setja (verb): place, set, establish
[7] hon siti heil: lifi hon heil papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
heil ‘well’
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3. heill (adj.; °heilan; compar. heilli, superl. -astr/-str): healthy, hale, hail
[7] hon siti heil: lifi hon heil papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
en ‘and’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
[7] en hljótum: so papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, með hnossir 510, ok hylli Holm10 VI, 568ˣ, 27ˣ
notes
[7-8] en hljótum at senda hnoss fyr koss ‘and we are [I am] obliged to send a precious ornament instead of a kiss’: Most eds adopt this text, which is a mixture of B (en hljótum) and AB readings. Clearly, the scribe of 510 had a garbled text, as the full rhyme hnoss : koss is likely to have been the original aðalhending of l. 8, and this is misplaced in 510, though both Holm10 VI and 568ˣ have it correctly. These two mss of the A redaction have ok hylli instead of the B text’s ok hljótum ‘and we are [I am] obliged’. If hylli is a verb (from hylla ‘make friends with’) rather than a noun (hylli ‘favour, grace’), the A text could be construed thus: hon siti heil ok hylli, at senda hnoss fyr koss ‘may she remain well and show friendship, by sending an ornament instead of a kiss’. This seems to be at variance with the understanding of the B text redactors, as the prose of the B text immediately after the stanza states that Friðþjófr threw his ring towards Ingibjǫrg and urged her to take it. This statement is not present in the A text and the sense of the A text in Holm10 VI and 568ˣ may well be the original.
hljótum ‘we are [I am] obliged’
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hljóta (verb): alot, gain
[7] en hljótum: so papp17ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, með hnossir 510, ok hylli Holm10 VI, 568ˣ, 27ˣ
notes
[7-8] en hljótum at senda hnoss fyr koss ‘and we are [I am] obliged to send a precious ornament instead of a kiss’: Most eds adopt this text, which is a mixture of B (en hljótum) and AB readings. Clearly, the scribe of 510 had a garbled text, as the full rhyme hnoss : koss is likely to have been the original aðalhending of l. 8, and this is misplaced in 510, though both Holm10 VI and 568ˣ have it correctly. These two mss of the A redaction have ok hylli instead of the B text’s ok hljótum ‘and we are [I am] obliged’. If hylli is a verb (from hylla ‘make friends with’) rather than a noun (hylli ‘favour, grace’), the A text could be construed thus: hon siti heil ok hylli, at senda hnoss fyr koss ‘may she remain well and show friendship, by sending an ornament instead of a kiss’. This seems to be at variance with the understanding of the B text redactors, as the prose of the B text immediately after the stanza states that Friðþjófr threw his ring towards Ingibjǫrg and urged her to take it. This statement is not present in the A text and the sense of the A text in Holm10 VI and 568ˣ may well be the original.
hnoss ‘a precious ornament’
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1. hnoss (noun f.; °; -ir): treasure
[8] hnoss fyr koss at senda: so Holm10 VI, 568ˣ, 27ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, hylli fyr koss at senda 510, hnoss fyrir marga koss at senda with marga added in a later hand and at senda crossed through papp17ˣ
notes
[7-8] en hljótum at senda hnoss fyr koss ‘and we are [I am] obliged to send a precious ornament instead of a kiss’: Most eds adopt this text, which is a mixture of B (en hljótum) and AB readings. Clearly, the scribe of 510 had a garbled text, as the full rhyme hnoss : koss is likely to have been the original aðalhending of l. 8, and this is misplaced in 510, though both Holm10 VI and 568ˣ have it correctly. These two mss of the A redaction have ok hylli instead of the B text’s ok hljótum ‘and we are [I am] obliged’. If hylli is a verb (from hylla ‘make friends with’) rather than a noun (hylli ‘favour, grace’), the A text could be construed thus: hon siti heil ok hylli, at senda hnoss fyr koss ‘may she remain well and show friendship, by sending an ornament instead of a kiss’. This seems to be at variance with the understanding of the B text redactors, as the prose of the B text immediately after the stanza states that Friðþjófr threw his ring towards Ingibjǫrg and urged her to take it. This statement is not present in the A text and the sense of the A text in Holm10 VI and 568ˣ may well be the original.
fyr ‘instead of’
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
[8] hnoss fyr koss at senda: so Holm10 VI, 568ˣ, 27ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, hylli fyr koss at senda 510, hnoss fyrir marga koss at senda with marga added in a later hand and at senda crossed through papp17ˣ
notes
[7-8] en hljótum at senda hnoss fyr koss ‘and we are [I am] obliged to send a precious ornament instead of a kiss’: Most eds adopt this text, which is a mixture of B (en hljótum) and AB readings. Clearly, the scribe of 510 had a garbled text, as the full rhyme hnoss : koss is likely to have been the original aðalhending of l. 8, and this is misplaced in 510, though both Holm10 VI and 568ˣ have it correctly. These two mss of the A redaction have ok hylli instead of the B text’s ok hljótum ‘and we are [I am] obliged’. If hylli is a verb (from hylla ‘make friends with’) rather than a noun (hylli ‘favour, grace’), the A text could be construed thus: hon siti heil ok hylli, at senda hnoss fyr koss ‘may she remain well and show friendship, by sending an ornament instead of a kiss’. This seems to be at variance with the understanding of the B text redactors, as the prose of the B text immediately after the stanza states that Friðþjófr threw his ring towards Ingibjǫrg and urged her to take it. This statement is not present in the A text and the sense of the A text in Holm10 VI and 568ˣ may well be the original.
koss ‘a kiss’
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koss (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): kiss
[8] hnoss fyr koss at senda: so Holm10 VI, 568ˣ, 27ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, hylli fyr koss at senda 510, hnoss fyrir marga koss at senda with marga added in a later hand and at senda crossed through papp17ˣ
notes
[7-8] en hljótum at senda hnoss fyr koss ‘and we are [I am] obliged to send a precious ornament instead of a kiss’: Most eds adopt this text, which is a mixture of B (en hljótum) and AB readings. Clearly, the scribe of 510 had a garbled text, as the full rhyme hnoss : koss is likely to have been the original aðalhending of l. 8, and this is misplaced in 510, though both Holm10 VI and 568ˣ have it correctly. These two mss of the A redaction have ok hylli instead of the B text’s ok hljótum ‘and we are [I am] obliged’. If hylli is a verb (from hylla ‘make friends with’) rather than a noun (hylli ‘favour, grace’), the A text could be construed thus: hon siti heil ok hylli, at senda hnoss fyr koss ‘may she remain well and show friendship, by sending an ornament instead of a kiss’. This seems to be at variance with the understanding of the B text redactors, as the prose of the B text immediately after the stanza states that Friðþjófr threw his ring towards Ingibjǫrg and urged her to take it. This statement is not present in the A text and the sense of the A text in Holm10 VI and 568ˣ may well be the original.
at ‘to’
(not checked:)
5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
[8] hnoss fyr koss at senda: so Holm10 VI, 568ˣ, 27ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, hylli fyr koss at senda 510, hnoss fyrir marga koss at senda with marga added in a later hand and at senda crossed through papp17ˣ
notes
[7-8] en hljótum at senda hnoss fyr koss ‘and we are [I am] obliged to send a precious ornament instead of a kiss’: Most eds adopt this text, which is a mixture of B (en hljótum) and AB readings. Clearly, the scribe of 510 had a garbled text, as the full rhyme hnoss : koss is likely to have been the original aðalhending of l. 8, and this is misplaced in 510, though both Holm10 VI and 568ˣ have it correctly. These two mss of the A redaction have ok hylli instead of the B text’s ok hljótum ‘and we are [I am] obliged’. If hylli is a verb (from hylla ‘make friends with’) rather than a noun (hylli ‘favour, grace’), the A text could be construed thus: hon siti heil ok hylli, at senda hnoss fyr koss ‘may she remain well and show friendship, by sending an ornament instead of a kiss’. This seems to be at variance with the understanding of the B text redactors, as the prose of the B text immediately after the stanza states that Friðþjófr threw his ring towards Ingibjǫrg and urged her to take it. This statement is not present in the A text and the sense of the A text in Holm10 VI and 568ˣ may well be the original.
senda ‘send’
(not checked:)
senda (verb): send
[8] hnoss fyr koss at senda: so Holm10 VI, 568ˣ, 27ˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, hylli fyr koss at senda 510, hnoss fyrir marga koss at senda with marga added in a later hand and at senda crossed through papp17ˣ
notes
[7-8] en hljótum at senda hnoss fyr koss ‘and we are [I am] obliged to send a precious ornament instead of a kiss’: Most eds adopt this text, which is a mixture of B (en hljótum) and AB readings. Clearly, the scribe of 510 had a garbled text, as the full rhyme hnoss : koss is likely to have been the original aðalhending of l. 8, and this is misplaced in 510, though both Holm10 VI and 568ˣ have it correctly. These two mss of the A redaction have ok hylli instead of the B text’s ok hljótum ‘and we are [I am] obliged’. If hylli is a verb (from hylla ‘make friends with’) rather than a noun (hylli ‘favour, grace’), the A text could be construed thus: hon siti heil ok hylli, at senda hnoss fyr koss ‘may she remain well and show friendship, by sending an ornament instead of a kiss’. This seems to be at variance with the understanding of the B text redactors, as the prose of the B text immediately after the stanza states that Friðþjófr threw his ring towards Ingibjǫrg and urged her to take it. This statement is not present in the A text and the sense of the A text in Holm10 VI and 568ˣ may well be the original.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
After Friðþjófr has been with King Hringr and Ingibjǫrg for some time, and has been very well treated by the king, though rather disdainfully by Ingibjǫrg, he decides early one morning to announce his impending departure to Hringr with this stanza.
This stanza occurs in both A and B redaction mss (though it is omitted in 109a IIˣ). It and the following four stanzas are also in the oldest witness to the saga, the fragmentary Holm10 VI, which provides a better text here than 510, though for editorial consistency 510 is still presented as the primary ms. The metre is an irregular dróttkvætt, with internal rhyme in l. 4 and, with incorrect placement, in l. 8. — The gracious, even noble sentiment of this stanza and the next is in marked contrast to the hero’s ferocious self-image presented in Frið 36.
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