Tindr Hákdr 4I
Russell Poole (ed.) 2012, ‘Tindr Hallkelsson, Hákonardrápa 4’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 345.
Vann ‘made’
(not checked:)
2. vinna (verb): perform, work
notes
[1] vann ‘made’: Finnur Jónsson prints vanur as the 510 reading in Skj A, but this is not correct.
at ‘’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
níunda ‘’
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níundi (num. ordinal)
at ‘’
(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to
vág ‘’
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vágr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): sea, wave
Vinða ‘of the Wends’
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Vinðr (noun m.; °; vinðr/-ir): the Wends
[1] Vinða: vág at 61, níunda 510
notes
[1] sinni Vinða ‘the company of the Wends’: Interpreted thus by most eds (Jón Þorkelsson 1884, 56-7 is an exception). This reference is a key one for scholarly discussions of the Jómsvíkingar (Finnur Jónsson 1910-12, 169-71; ÍF 26, cxi-cxii). It confirms the involvement of Wendish troops from the Baltic alongside the Danish forces mentioned at st. 6/4, but it does not either prove or disprove the existence of the warrior fraternity known in later sources (though not in contemporary poetry) as the Jómsvíkingar.
mǫnnum ‘’
(not checked:)
maðr (noun m.): man, person
notes
[1] sinni Vinða ‘the company of the Wends’: Interpreted thus by most eds (Jón Þorkelsson 1884, 56-7 is an exception). This reference is a key one for scholarly discussions of the Jómsvíkingar (Finnur Jónsson 1910-12, 169-71; ÍF 26, cxi-cxii). It confirms the involvement of Wendish troops from the Baltic alongside the Danish forces mentioned at st. 6/4, but it does not either prove or disprove the existence of the warrior fraternity known in later sources (though not in contemporary poetry) as the Jómsvíkingar.
við ‘’
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víðr (adj.): far < viðbjóðr (noun m.)
sið ‘’
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siðr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/-i; -ir, acc. -u): faith, morals < siðbjóðr (noun m.)
verð ‘of the meal’
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1. verðr (noun m.; °dat. -i): food < verðbjóðr (noun m.)1. verðr (noun m.; °dat. -i): food < verðbjóðr (noun m.)
[2] verð‑: sið 54, við Bb
kennings
Ferðar Hugins verðbjóðr‘meal-offerer of the flock of Huginn’
= WARRIOR = Hákon
the flock of Huginn → RAVENS
the meal of RAVENS → CORPSES
The offerer of CORPSES → WARRIOR = Hákon
verð ‘of the meal’
(not checked:)
1. verðr (noun m.; °dat. -i): food < verðbjóðr (noun m.)1. verðr (noun m.; °dat. -i): food < verðbjóðr (noun m.)
[2] verð‑: sið 54, við Bb
kennings
Ferðar Hugins verðbjóðr‘meal-offerer of the flock of Huginn’
= WARRIOR = Hákon
the flock of Huginn → RAVENS
the meal of RAVENS → CORPSES
The offerer of CORPSES → WARRIOR = Hákon
bjóði ‘’
(not checked:)
2. bjóðr (noun m.): inviter < verðbjóðr (noun m.)
bjóðr ‘The offerer’
[2] ‑bjóðr: ‑bjóði 510
kennings
Ferðar Hugins verðbjóðr‘meal-offerer of the flock of Huginn’
= WARRIOR = Hákon
the flock of Huginn → RAVENS
the meal of RAVENS → CORPSES
The offerer of CORPSES → WARRIOR = Hákon
Hugins ‘of Huginn’
(not checked:)
1. Huginn (noun m.): Huginn
kennings
Ferðar Hugins verðbjóðr‘meal-offerer of the flock of Huginn’
= WARRIOR = Hákon
the flock of Huginn → RAVENS
the meal of RAVENS → CORPSES
The offerer of CORPSES → WARRIOR = Hákon
Hugins ‘of Huginn’
(not checked:)
1. Huginn (noun m.): Huginn
kennings
Ferðar Hugins verðbjóðr‘meal-offerer of the flock of Huginn’
= WARRIOR = Hákon
the flock of Huginn → RAVENS
the meal of RAVENS → CORPSES
The offerer of CORPSES → WARRIOR = Hákon
Hugins ‘of Huginn’
(not checked:)
1. Huginn (noun m.): Huginn
kennings
Ferðar Hugins verðbjóðr‘meal-offerer of the flock of Huginn’
= WARRIOR = Hákon
the flock of Huginn → RAVENS
the meal of RAVENS → CORPSES
The offerer of CORPSES → WARRIOR = Hákon
ferðir ‘’
(not checked:)
ferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-arMork 196¹²)): host, journey
ferðar ‘of the flock’
(not checked:)
ferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-arMork 196¹²)): host, journey
[2] ferðar: ferðir J1ˣ, ‘f[…]’ J2ˣ
kennings
Ferðar Hugins verðbjóðr‘meal-offerer of the flock of Huginn’
= WARRIOR = Hákon
the flock of Huginn → RAVENS
the meal of RAVENS → CORPSES
The offerer of CORPSES → WARRIOR = Hákon
ferðar ‘of the flock’
(not checked:)
ferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-arMork 196¹²)): host, journey
[2] ferðar: ferðir J1ˣ, ‘f[…]’ J2ˣ
kennings
Ferðar Hugins verðbjóðr‘meal-offerer of the flock of Huginn’
= WARRIOR = Hákon
the flock of Huginn → RAVENS
the meal of RAVENS → CORPSES
The offerer of CORPSES → WARRIOR = Hákon
ferðar ‘of the flock’
(not checked:)
ferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-arMork 196¹²)): host, journey
[2] ferðar: ferðir J1ˣ, ‘f[…]’ J2ˣ
kennings
Ferðar Hugins verðbjóðr‘meal-offerer of the flock of Huginn’
= WARRIOR = Hákon
the flock of Huginn → RAVENS
the meal of RAVENS → CORPSES
The offerer of CORPSES → WARRIOR = Hákon
beit ‘bit’
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bíta (verb; °bítr; beit, bitu; bitinn): bite
sól ‘of the sun’
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sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun < sólgagarr (noun m.)
kennings
seilar sólgagarr‘sun-dog of the strap’
= SWORD
the sun of the strap → SHIELD
the dog of the SHIELD → SWORD
notes
[3] seilar sólgagarr ‘the dog of the sun of the strap [(lit. ‘sun-dog of the strap’) SHIELD > SWORD]’: Seil f. here seems to denote the strap or thong by which a shield is held, and sól ‘sun’ is suitable as a base-word to a shield-kenning because of its circular shape and brightness (Meissner 167-8). For further sword-kennings with a base-word meaning ‘wolf, dog’, see Meissner 155.
sól ‘of the sun’
(not checked:)
sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun < sólgagarr (noun m.)
kennings
seilar sólgagarr‘sun-dog of the strap’
= SWORD
the sun of the strap → SHIELD
the dog of the SHIELD → SWORD
notes
[3] seilar sólgagarr ‘the dog of the sun of the strap [(lit. ‘sun-dog of the strap’) SHIELD > SWORD]’: Seil f. here seems to denote the strap or thong by which a shield is held, and sól ‘sun’ is suitable as a base-word to a shield-kenning because of its circular shape and brightness (Meissner 167-8). For further sword-kennings with a base-word meaning ‘wolf, dog’, see Meissner 155.
gagarr ‘the dog’
(not checked:)
gagarr (noun m.): dog < sólgagarr (noun m.)
kennings
seilar sólgagarr‘sun-dog of the strap’
= SWORD
the sun of the strap → SHIELD
the dog of the SHIELD → SWORD
notes
[3] seilar sólgagarr ‘the dog of the sun of the strap [(lit. ‘sun-dog of the strap’) SHIELD > SWORD]’: Seil f. here seems to denote the strap or thong by which a shield is held, and sól ‘sun’ is suitable as a base-word to a shield-kenning because of its circular shape and brightness (Meissner 167-8). For further sword-kennings with a base-word meaning ‘wolf, dog’, see Meissner 155.
sveita ‘’
(not checked:)
sveiti (noun m.; °-a): blood
kennings
seilar sólgagarr‘sun-dog of the strap’
= SWORD
the sun of the strap → SHIELD
the dog of the SHIELD → SWORD
notes
[3] seilar sólgagarr ‘the dog of the sun of the strap [(lit. ‘sun-dog of the strap’) SHIELD > SWORD]’: Seil f. here seems to denote the strap or thong by which a shield is held, and sól ‘sun’ is suitable as a base-word to a shield-kenning because of its circular shape and brightness (Meissner 167-8). For further sword-kennings with a base-word meaning ‘wolf, dog’, see Meissner 155.
kennings
seilar sólgagarr‘sun-dog of the strap’
= SWORD
the sun of the strap → SHIELD
the dog of the SHIELD → SWORD
notes
[3] seilar sólgagarr ‘the dog of the sun of the strap [(lit. ‘sun-dog of the strap’) SHIELD > SWORD]’: Seil f. here seems to denote the strap or thong by which a shield is held, and sól ‘sun’ is suitable as a base-word to a shield-kenning because of its circular shape and brightness (Meissner 167-8). For further sword-kennings with a base-word meaning ‘wolf, dog’, see Meissner 155.
sverð ‘’
(not checked:)
sverð (noun n.; °-s; -): sword
kennings
spor eggja sverðs‘trails of the edges of the sword ’
= WOUNDS
trails of the edges of the sword → WOUNDS
eggjar ‘’
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1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade
eggja ‘of the edges’
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1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade
[4] eggja: eggjar J1ˣ, 54, Bb
kennings
spor eggja sverðs‘trails of the edges of the sword ’
= WOUNDS
trails of the edges of the sword → WOUNDS
spor ‘trails’
(not checked:)
spor (noun n.; °-s; -): track
kennings
spor eggja sverðs‘trails of the edges of the sword ’
= WOUNDS
trails of the edges of the sword → WOUNDS
leggja ‘’
(not checked:)
leggr (noun m.; °-jar, dat. -; -ir): limb
notes
[4] leggi ‘limbs’: Comparing ÞKolb Eirdr 15/4, Kock (NN §2755) argues for leggja ‘lay, place’, the reading of 61, but the parallel is only partial.
at ‘’
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4. at (conj.): that
hjǫr ‘sword’
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hjǫrr (noun m.): sword < hjǫrmeiðr (noun m.)hjǫrr (noun m.): sword < hjǫrmeiðir (noun m.)hjǫrr (noun m.): sword
kennings
hjǫrmeiðar‘sword-trees ’
= WARRIORS
sword-trees → WARRIORS
meðir ‘’
meiðir ‘’
(not checked:)
meiðir (noun m.): destroyer, harmer < hjǫrmeiðir (noun m.)
meiðar ‘trees’
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meiðr (noun m.): beam, tree < hjǫrmeiðr (noun m.)
[5] ‑meiðar: meiðir 39, F, ‘meðir’ J1ˣ
kennings
hjǫrmeiðar‘sword-trees ’
= WARRIORS
sword-trees → WARRIORS
hriðða ‘’
hetting ‘’
(not checked:)
hætting (noun f.): [danger, a menace]
hœting ‘’
(not checked:)
hœting (noun f.; °-ar): threat
hatting ‘’
hætting ‘a menace’
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hætting (noun f.): [danger, a menace]
[6] hætting: so J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 54, Bb, 510, ‘hatting’ Kˣ, hœting 39, F, ‘hetting’ 61
varð ‘’
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1. verða (verb): become, be
þat ‘that’
[6] þat: so F, J1ˣ, 61, 54, Bb, 510, om. Kˣ, 39, J2ˣ
mœti ‘’
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mœta (verb): meet
mátti ‘’
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mega (verb): may, might
leiðing ‘’
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leiðing (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; dat. -um): °overtalelse, forlokkelse; ?anvisning, ?vejledning; udtale
leiðir ‘’
(not checked:)
leið (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir/-ar): path, way
liðar ‘’
(not checked:)
lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop
leiðar ‘of the fleet’
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leið (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir/-ar): path, way
[7] leiðar: so 39, F, 61, 510, liðar Kˣ, J2ˣ, leiðir J1ˣ, leiðing 54, Bb
notes
[7] leiðar ‘of the fleet’: Most scholars interpret this as ‘levy’, equivalent to leiðangr ‘levy’ (comparing st. 9/4). Thus Finnur Jónsson (LP: leið 2) glosses the word as leding, ledingsfærd, hærtog tilsøs ‘levy, voyage of the levy, military expedition at sea’, a notion extensively canvassed by Malmros (1985; 1999; 2002). But the evidence for this technical sense at so early a date is insecure (Jesch 2001a, 196-8).
langa ‘’
(not checked:)
langr (adj.; °compar. lengri, superl. lengstr): long
langra ‘long’
(not checked:)
langr (adj.; °compar. lengri, superl. lengstr): long
[7] langra: langa 510
skeiða ‘warships’
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1. skeið (noun f.; °-ar; -r/-ar/-ir): ship
liðs ‘for the army’
(not checked:)
lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop
notes
[8] liðs ‘for the army’: Lit. ‘of the army’. Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901, IV) identifies the lið with Hákon’s personal retinue; compare Jesch (2001a, 188): ‘troop or retinue accompanying a shipborne war-leader’, presumably also acting as his crew.
halfan ‘twenty’
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halfr (adj.): half
tugg ‘’
tyg ‘’
tøg ‘’
(not checked:)
tigr (noun m.; °-ar/-s(DN II (1309) 80¹², etc.); -ir, acc. -u): a ten of, a decade; a ten of, a decade
[8] tøg: ‘tyg’ J1ˣ, ‘tugg’ Bb
þriðja ‘five’
(not checked:)
þriði (num. ordinal): third
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Vann á Vinða sinni |
The offerer of the meal of the flock of Huginn <raven> [(lit. ‘meal-offerer of the flock of Huginn’) RAVENS > CORPSES > WARRIOR = Hákon] made trails of the edges of the sword [WOUNDS] on the company of the Wends — the dog of the sun of the strap [(lit. ‘sun-dog of the strap’) SHIELD > SWORD] bit limbs — before sword-trees [WARRIORS] could clear twenty-five long warships; that was a menace for the army of the fleet.
In Hkr, the stanza is cited after the battle is over, and the Jómsvíkingar defeated. In Jvs, twenty-five of their ships have been cleared; sts 4-11 are cited virtually continuously.
[5-8]: (a) Adopted in this edn is the interpretation of Reichardt (1928, 50-2), followed by Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26), where liðs leiðar ‘the army of the fleet’ is treated as an attributive gen. depending on hætting ‘menace, danger’. Ms. meiðar is retained as a pl. form of meiðr ‘tree’, with the verb mætti (3rd pers. pret. subj.) ‘could’ correspondingly a pl. Kennings with this base-word are exceedingly common (cf. LP: meiðr). Other possibilities are as follows. (b) Liðs leiðar could be taken as governing skeiðar, hence ‘warships belonging to the levied army’ (so Fms 12; SHI 11; Jón Þorkelsson 1884, 56). (c) Liðs could be taken with hætting ‘menace for the army’ and leiðar as part of a kenning leiðar hjǫrmeiðir ‘destroyer of the sword-path [(lit. ‘sword-destroyer of the path’) SHIELD > WARRIOR]’ (so Finnur Jónsson 1886b, 333; cf. Hkr 1893-1901, IV; Skj B). However, this entails preferring the reading of 39 and F, meiðir ‘destroyer’, and since hjǫrmeiðir ‘sword-destroyer’ is in itself a standard kenning for ‘warrior’ there is no necessity for kenning inversion and complex word order (as pointed out by Kock, NN §431; cf. Reichardt 1928, 51); Reichardt additionally noted that leið is not elsewhere attested in kennings for ‘shield’. (c) Kock (NN §431) opted for a cpd, with tmesis, of leiðar with skeið, equating this with leiðangrsskip ‘ship obtained through a levy’. He then linked liðs with the verb hrjóða, explaining this as ‘to clear of the army, empty of men’; this solution is rejected by Reichardt (1928, 52).
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