Judith Jesch (ed.) 2012, ‘Sigvatr Þórðarson, Poem about Queen Ástríðr 1’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 646.
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2. hreinn (adj.; °compar. hreinari/hreinni, superl. hreinastr/hreinstr): pure
[1] Hrein: hveim J2ˣ, E
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2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love
[1] getum ... launa ‘we [I] will repay’: Or ‘let us repay’. For auxiliary geta with inf. see LP: 3. geta 4.
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háll (adj.; °[af e-u]): slippery, deceitful
[1] getum ... launa ‘we [I] will repay’: Or ‘let us repay’. For auxiliary geta with inf. see LP: 3. geta 4.
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1. hnoss (noun f.; °; -ir): treasure < hnossfjǫlð (noun n.)
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fjǫlð (noun f.): multitude < hnossfjǫlð (noun n.)
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várr (pron.; °f. ór/vár; pl. órir/várir): our
[2] ossu: ‘osu’ F, ossa J2ˣ, E
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Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr
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dóttir (noun f.; °dóttur, dat. dóttur/dǿtr/dóttir, acc. dóttur/dóttir, nom. dóttir/dóttur; dǿtr, gen. dǿtra (cf. [$1592$])): daughter
[3] es ‘to whom’: The Kx reading sú es (f. nom. sg.) is grammatically incorrect, as the demonstrative should be þeiri, f. dat. sg. agreeing with dœtr ‘daughter’ (or possibly þá, f. acc. sg. as the object of the rel. clause, cf. NS §260), and both Kock (NN §2775 and ÍF 28 prefer the reading of J2x and E, as here.
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2. eiga (verb; °á/eigr (præs. pl. 3. pers. eigu/eiga); átti, áttu; átt): own, have
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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
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sigr (noun m.; °sigrs/sigrar, dat. sigri; sigrar): victory < sigrhvatr (adj.)
[4] sigr‑: sig‑ 39, F
[4] sigrhvatastr ‘most victorious’: Although LP lists compounds in both sig- n. ‘battle’ and sigr- m. ‘victory’, it is not clear that there was a real distinction between these two elements, especially in compounds (cf. Finnur Jónsson’s translation of sigrgjarn as kamp-begærlig ‘battle-eager’ in LP and sejrbegærlig ‘victory-eager’ in Skj BI, 533). Both Finnur Jónsson and Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson in ÍF 28 select the variant reading sighvatastr, presumably to improve the pun on the poet’s own name, of which Sighvatr is a standard form (cf. Paasche 1917, 80; Fidjestøl 1982, 160). However, sigrhvatastr is preferable both stemmatically and metrically. According to Kuhn (1983, 77), when r follows another consonant, especially b, d, or g, both consonants participate in the internal rhyme, thus digri would presuppose a rhyme on sigr-. Moreover, Sigvatr made use of the rhyme between the simplex sigr and his favourite epithet for King Óláfr, digri ‘stout’, on several occasions (Sigv ErfÓl 6/8, 8/2, Sigv Lv 12/6; see also Jǫk Lv 1/8, ÞjóðA Magn 1/2II, Arn Hryn 13/7II). — [4] sigrhvatastr, digri ‘the most victorious stout’: Strong (-astr) and weak (digri) adj. inflections are juxtaposed here, as occasionally elsewhere in skaldic poetry. The weak digri is appropriate, being Óláfr’s nickname (cf. Note to l. 4 sigrhvatastr).
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sigr (noun m.; °sigrs/sigrar, dat. sigri; sigrar): victory < sigrhvatr (adj.)
[4] sigr‑: sig‑ 39, F
[4] sigrhvatastr ‘most victorious’: Although LP lists compounds in both sig- n. ‘battle’ and sigr- m. ‘victory’, it is not clear that there was a real distinction between these two elements, especially in compounds (cf. Finnur Jónsson’s translation of sigrgjarn as kamp-begærlig ‘battle-eager’ in LP and sejrbegærlig ‘victory-eager’ in Skj BI, 533). Both Finnur Jónsson and Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson in ÍF 28 select the variant reading sighvatastr, presumably to improve the pun on the poet’s own name, of which Sighvatr is a standard form (cf. Paasche 1917, 80; Fidjestøl 1982, 160). However, sigrhvatastr is preferable both stemmatically and metrically. According to Kuhn (1983, 77), when r follows another consonant, especially b, d, or g, both consonants participate in the internal rhyme, thus digri would presuppose a rhyme on sigr-. Moreover, Sigvatr made use of the rhyme between the simplex sigr and his favourite epithet for King Óláfr, digri ‘stout’, on several occasions (Sigv ErfÓl 6/8, 8/2, Sigv Lv 12/6; see also Jǫk Lv 1/8, ÞjóðA Magn 1/2II, Arn Hryn 13/7II). — [4] sigrhvatastr, digri ‘the most victorious stout’: Strong (-astr) and weak (digri) adj. inflections are juxtaposed here, as occasionally elsewhere in skaldic poetry. The weak digri is appropriate, being Óláfr’s nickname (cf. Note to l. 4 sigrhvatastr).
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hvatr (adj.; °-ari, -an; -astr): keen, brave < sigrhvatr (adj.)
[4] sigrhvatastr ‘most victorious’: Although LP lists compounds in both sig- n. ‘battle’ and sigr- m. ‘victory’, it is not clear that there was a real distinction between these two elements, especially in compounds (cf. Finnur Jónsson’s translation of sigrgjarn as kamp-begærlig ‘battle-eager’ in LP and sejrbegærlig ‘victory-eager’ in Skj BI, 533). Both Finnur Jónsson and Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson in ÍF 28 select the variant reading sighvatastr, presumably to improve the pun on the poet’s own name, of which Sighvatr is a standard form (cf. Paasche 1917, 80; Fidjestøl 1982, 160). However, sigrhvatastr is preferable both stemmatically and metrically. According to Kuhn (1983, 77), when r follows another consonant, especially b, d, or g, both consonants participate in the internal rhyme, thus digri would presuppose a rhyme on sigr-. Moreover, Sigvatr made use of the rhyme between the simplex sigr and his favourite epithet for King Óláfr, digri ‘stout’, on several occasions (Sigv ErfÓl 6/8, 8/2, Sigv Lv 12/6; see also Jǫk Lv 1/8, ÞjóðA Magn 1/2II, Arn Hryn 13/7II). — [4] sigrhvatastr, digri ‘the most victorious stout’: Strong (-astr) and weak (digri) adj. inflections are juxtaposed here, as occasionally elsewhere in skaldic poetry. The weak digri is appropriate, being Óláfr’s nickname (cf. Note to l. 4 sigrhvatastr).
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hvatr (adj.; °-ari, -an; -astr): keen, brave < sigrhvatr (adj.)
[4] sigrhvatastr ‘most victorious’: Although LP lists compounds in both sig- n. ‘battle’ and sigr- m. ‘victory’, it is not clear that there was a real distinction between these two elements, especially in compounds (cf. Finnur Jónsson’s translation of sigrgjarn as kamp-begærlig ‘battle-eager’ in LP and sejrbegærlig ‘victory-eager’ in Skj BI, 533). Both Finnur Jónsson and Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson in ÍF 28 select the variant reading sighvatastr, presumably to improve the pun on the poet’s own name, of which Sighvatr is a standard form (cf. Paasche 1917, 80; Fidjestøl 1982, 160). However, sigrhvatastr is preferable both stemmatically and metrically. According to Kuhn (1983, 77), when r follows another consonant, especially b, d, or g, both consonants participate in the internal rhyme, thus digri would presuppose a rhyme on sigr-. Moreover, Sigvatr made use of the rhyme between the simplex sigr and his favourite epithet for King Óláfr, digri ‘stout’, on several occasions (Sigv ErfÓl 6/8, 8/2, Sigv Lv 12/6; see also Jǫk Lv 1/8, ÞjóðA Magn 1/2II, Arn Hryn 13/7II). — [4] sigrhvatastr, digri ‘the most victorious stout’: Strong (-astr) and weak (digri) adj. inflections are juxtaposed here, as occasionally elsewhere in skaldic poetry. The weak digri is appropriate, being Óláfr’s nickname (cf. Note to l. 4 sigrhvatastr).
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digr (adj.; °digran; compar. digrari, superl. digrastr): fat, large
[4] sigrhvatastr, digri ‘the most victorious stout’: Strong (-astr) and weak (digri) adj. inflections are juxtaposed here, as occasionally elsewhere in skaldic poetry. The weak digri is appropriate, being Óláfr’s nickname (cf. Note to l. 4 sigrhvatastr).
[5] beið þings ‘attended the assembly’: Bíða + gen. normally means ‘await’. For this stanza, LP suggests indfinde sig på tinge ‘appear at the assembly’, and that suggestion is followed here. While it is conceivable that the stanza describes a large army awaiting the outcome of the assembly, Snorri says that Ástríðr spoke at a fjǫlmennt þing ‘crowded assembly’ (ÍF 28, 4) and this seems the more likely interpretation.
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bíða (verb; °bíðr; beið, biðu; beðit): wait, suffer, experience
[5] beið þings ‘attended the assembly’: Bíða + gen. normally means ‘await’. For this stanza, LP suggests indfinde sig på tinge ‘appear at the assembly’, and that suggestion is followed here. While it is conceivable that the stanza describes a large army awaiting the outcome of the assembly, Snorri says that Ástríðr spoke at a fjǫlmennt þing ‘crowded assembly’ (ÍF 28, 4) and this seems the more likely interpretation.
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host
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3. á (prep.): on, at
[5] á Hǫngrum ‘at Hangrar’: A Swedish place of this name has not been identified.
[5] á Hǫngrum ‘at Hangrar’: A Swedish place of this name has not been identified.
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hundmargr (adj.): immense
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Svíar (noun m.): Swedes
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grund (noun f.): earth, land
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3. austr (adv.; °compar. -ar, superl. -ast): east, in the east
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
[7] Ástríðr: The ms. spellings generally point to the form Ástríð, and it is conceivable that they preserve the OEN form of this name, which is attested without the ‑r ending in runic inscriptions from the C11th (Peterson 1981, 56-8, 66). Ms. E has ‘astri’, and papp18x (not used here as it is an inferior copy of K) has Ástríðr, presumably influenced by the Icel. form of the name.
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2. lýsa (verb): illuminate, show
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Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr
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sonr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. syni; synir, acc. sonu, syni): son
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1. mál (noun n.; °-s; -): speech, matter
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Hrein getum hôla launa |
We [I] will repay splendidly with our [my] praise Óláfr’s daughter [= Ástríðr], to whom the most victorious stout prince [Óláfr Haraldsson] was married, for an abundance of bright treasures. A massive army from the land of the Swedes attended the assembly at Hangrar in the east, when Ástríðr proclaimed the cause of Óláfr’s son [= Magnús].
At an assembly in Sweden, the dowager Queen Ástríðr makes a speech to persuade the Swedes to help Magnús Óláfsson gain his kingdom. The three stanzas of Ást are cited without a break.
[1-2]: The two branches of the Hkr stemma diverge here. (a) The readings of Kˣ, 39 and F, hrein and ossu, are chosen here as in other modern eds, both because they are the reading of the main ms., and because it is most natural for the poss. adj. ossu (n. dat. sg.) ‘our’ to agree with the immediately preceding noun lofi ‘praise’, and for hrein ‘bright, pure’ to be n. acc. pl. agreeing with hnossfjǫlð ‘abundance of treasures’. While the simplex fjǫlð ‘abundance, multitude’ is normally f. sg., Finnur Jónsson assumed a unique instance of a n. pl. form in this cpd (LP: fjǫlð, hnossfjǫlð), and such a form fits the common pattern of alternation between f. sg. and n. pl. in a collective noun (Beito 1954, 95, 180; Janzén 1965, 359). (b) It appears that the scribes of J2x and E (or of their archetype) made the lines grammatically ‘correct’ with two minor emendations, producing a question, Hveim getum hôla launa hnossfjǫlð ossa lofi? ‘Whom do we splendidly repay for our abundance of treasures with praise?’ This would be answered in the second couplet. However, although Sigvatr occasionally uses rhetorical questions beginning with an interrog. pron. (Sigv Berv 11/1-3II, 13/1-4II, both beginning a stanza, and Sigv ErfÓl 17/3), he is never so unsubtle as to answer them.
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