Rolf Stavnem (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallar-Steinn, Rekstefja 7’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 904.
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2. frón (noun n.): earth, land < frónband (noun n.)
[1] frónb*ands ‘of the land-bond [SEA]’: Ms. -brand- ‘fire, sword’ does not make sense, while emendation to -band- ‘bond’ produces a well-attested type of sea-kenning. The final letter is unclear, and eds disagree whether it is <z>, i.e. gen. sg. -s (so Skj A) or <r>, hence nom. sg. (so Konráð Gíslason 1895-7).
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2. frón (noun n.): earth, land < frónband (noun n.)
[1] frónb*ands ‘of the land-bond [SEA]’: Ms. -brand- ‘fire, sword’ does not make sense, while emendation to -band- ‘bond’ produces a well-attested type of sea-kenning. The final letter is unclear, and eds disagree whether it is <z>, i.e. gen. sg. -s (so Skj A) or <r>, hence nom. sg. (so Konráð Gíslason 1895-7).
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band (noun n.; °-s; *-): band, bond < frónband (noun n.)
[1] ‑b*ands: ‑brands or ‑brandr Bb
[1] frónb*ands ‘of the land-bond [SEA]’: Ms. -brand- ‘fire, sword’ does not make sense, while emendation to -band- ‘bond’ produces a well-attested type of sea-kenning. The final letter is unclear, and eds disagree whether it is <z>, i.e. gen. sg. -s (so Skj A) or <r>, hence nom. sg. (so Konráð Gíslason 1895-7).
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band (noun n.; °-s; *-): band, bond < frónband (noun n.)
[1] ‑b*ands: ‑brands or ‑brandr Bb
[1] frónb*ands ‘of the land-bond [SEA]’: Ms. -brand- ‘fire, sword’ does not make sense, while emendation to -band- ‘bond’ produces a well-attested type of sea-kenning. The final letter is unclear, and eds disagree whether it is <z>, i.e. gen. sg. -s (so Skj A) or <r>, hence nom. sg. (so Konráð Gíslason 1895-7).
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2. fœra (verb): bring < fœriǫndurr (noun m.)
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andr (noun m.; °; andrar): ski < fœriǫndurr (noun m.)
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fríðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): beautiful, fair
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til (prep.): to
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Noregr (noun m.): Norway
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síðan (adv.): later, then
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sker (noun n.; °-s; -, gen. -ja): skerry < skerbaldr (noun m.)
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sker (noun n.; °-s; -, gen. -ja): skerry < skerbaldr (noun m.)
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Baldr (noun m.): [Baldr, Baldur] < skerbaldr (noun m.)
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Skǫgul (noun f.): Skǫgul
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Skǫgul (noun f.): Skǫgul
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Skǫgul (noun f.): Skǫgul
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eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire
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eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire
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eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire
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skjǫldr (noun m.; °skjaldar/skildar, dat. skildi; skildir, acc. skjǫldu): shield < skjaldbúinn (adj./verb p.p.)
[4] skjaldbúnum ‘shield-adorned’: A phrase similar to hôla tǫrguð ‘splendidly equipped with shields’ in st. 3/3.
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búinn (adj./verb p.p.): equipped with < skjaldbúinn (adj./verb p.p.)
[4] skjaldbúnum ‘shield-adorned’: A phrase similar to hôla tǫrguð ‘splendidly equipped with shields’ in st. 3/3.
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
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halda (verb): hold, keep
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heiðinn (adj.): heathen
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heiman (adv.): from home
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flýja (verb): to flee, take flight
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hildingr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, ruler
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né (conj.): nor
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þar (adv.): there
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vilja (verb): want, intend
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áðr (adv.; °//): before
[7] áðr ‘already’: The adv. áðr ‘before’ here, as elsewhere, seems to give pluperfect force to the verb, hence flýði áðr ‘had already fled’. It would give less good sense, though smoother syntax, if taken as qualifying né vildi, hence ‘and had not wished’ (l. 6).
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2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again
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Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr
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bíða (verb; °bíðr; beið, biðu; beðit): wait, suffer, experience
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jarl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): poet, earl
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af (prep.): from
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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
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hjarl (noun n.): land
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Frónb*ands fœriǫndrum |
Then the handsome Baldr <god> of the skerry of the fires of Skǫgul <valkyrie> [(lit. ‘skerry-Baldr of the fires of Skǫgul’) SWORDS > SHIELDS > WARRIOR = Óláfr] steered the shield-adorned travelling skis of the land-bond [SEA > SHIPS] to Norway. The heathen ruler had already fled away from his territory, and the jarl did not wish to wait any longer for Óláfr there.
Óláfr’s return to Norway is also the subject of Anon Óldr 9. — [1-4]: The placing of the verb phrase lét haldit ‘steered’ at the end of the helmingr would be abnormal in standard dróttkvætt poetry, where the finite verb appears second or first in independent clauses (Gade 1995a, 213), but it is not uncommon in skjálfhent poetry; see also sts 18/5-6, 22/1 and Notes. — [5-8]: The displaced heathen jarl would be Hákon jarl Sigurðarson, though the tradition is that he fled from a rebellion of his subjects, but never left Norway (see ‘Ruler biographies’ in Introduction to this volume). This is compatible with the story here if hjarl (l. 8) means ‘territory’, but not if it refers to the whole land of Norway.
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