Diana Whaley (ed.) 2017, ‘Gizurr svarti (gullbrárskáld), Fragment 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 192.
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fylkir (noun m.): leader
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gleðja (verb): gladden, rejoice
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í (prep.): in, into
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folk (noun n.): people
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flagð (noun n.): troll-woman
[2] flagðs blakk: flakk R, B, 761bˣ, ‘flac’ Tˣ, fleinblakk C
[2] blakk flagðs ‘the steed of the troll-woman [WOLF]’: Flakk in most mss provides alliteration and rhyme but leaves l. 2 short by one syllable, and does not match known Old Norse vocabulary, since flakk n. ‘wandering, vagrancy’ is recorded in Modern Icelandic but not in Old Norse, though the verb flakka ‘wander (as a vagrant)’ is. (a) Emendation seems to be unavoidable, and the syntax and sense, including ok ‘and’, suggest that what is required is a phrase denoting a beast of battle with svan Hlakkar ‘the swan of Hlǫkk <valkyrie> [RAVEN/EAGLE]’ as the joint object to gleðr ‘gladdens’ (l. 1). Flagðs blakk ‘troll-woman’s steed’, suggested in Nj 1875-89, II, 305-8, is adopted in Skj B, this edn and elsewhere. (b) Konráð Gíslason (Nj 1875-89, II, 306-7) rejects a claim of Sveinbjörn Egilsson that flakkr, here and in a variant reading flaks for fáks in Þhorn Gldr 3/3I, could be a word for ‘wolf’. Flakk is retained in CPB II, 166, with the translation ‘roving wolf’. (c) The C reading fleinblakk is metrically satisfactory but its meaning would be the nonsensical ‘arrow-steed’.
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1. blakkr (noun m.): horse
[2] flagðs blakk: flakk R, B, 761bˣ, ‘flac’ Tˣ, fleinblakk C
[2] blakk flagðs ‘the steed of the troll-woman [WOLF]’: Flakk in most mss provides alliteration and rhyme but leaves l. 2 short by one syllable, and does not match known Old Norse vocabulary, since flakk n. ‘wandering, vagrancy’ is recorded in Modern Icelandic but not in Old Norse, though the verb flakka ‘wander (as a vagrant)’ is. (a) Emendation seems to be unavoidable, and the syntax and sense, including ok ‘and’, suggest that what is required is a phrase denoting a beast of battle with svan Hlakkar ‘the swan of Hlǫkk <valkyrie> [RAVEN/EAGLE]’ as the joint object to gleðr ‘gladdens’ (l. 1). Flagðs blakk ‘troll-woman’s steed’, suggested in Nj 1875-89, II, 305-8, is adopted in Skj B, this edn and elsewhere. (b) Konráð Gíslason (Nj 1875-89, II, 306-7) rejects a claim of Sveinbjörn Egilsson that flakkr, here and in a variant reading flaks for fáks in Þhorn Gldr 3/3I, could be a word for ‘wolf’. Flakk is retained in CPB II, 166, with the translation ‘roving wolf’. (c) The C reading fleinblakk is metrically satisfactory but its meaning would be the nonsensical ‘arrow-steed’.
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
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2. Hlǫkk (noun f.): Hlǫkk
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Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr
[3] Ôleifr ‘Óláfr’: See Introduction.
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él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm
[3, 4] gǫgl Yggs … élum Skǫglar ‘the goslings of Yggr <= Óðinn> [RAVENS] … with the storms of Skǫgul <valkyrie> [BATTLES]’: Yggs, gen. sg. of the Óðinn-name Yggr ‘terrible, fearsome one’, is clearly needed here, rather than ýgs, gen. sg. of the adj. ýgr ‘fierce, fearsome’.
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1. Yggr (noun m.): Yggr
[4] Yggs: so C, ‘ygs’ R, Tˣ, 761bˣ, ‘[…]’ B, ‘ýggs’ 744ˣ
[3, 4] gǫgl Yggs … élum Skǫglar ‘the goslings of Yggr <= Óðinn> [RAVENS] … with the storms of Skǫgul <valkyrie> [BATTLES]’: Yggs, gen. sg. of the Óðinn-name Yggr ‘terrible, fearsome one’, is clearly needed here, rather than ýgs, gen. sg. of the adj. ýgr ‘fierce, fearsome’.
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gagl (noun n.): gosling
[3, 4] gǫgl Yggs … élum Skǫglar ‘the goslings of Yggr <= Óðinn> [RAVENS] … with the storms of Skǫgul <valkyrie> [BATTLES]’: Yggs, gen. sg. of the Óðinn-name Yggr ‘terrible, fearsome one’, is clearly needed here, rather than ýgs, gen. sg. of the adj. ýgr ‘fierce, fearsome’.
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2. feginn (adj.; °compar. fegnari, superl. fegnastr): glad, happy
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Skǫgul (noun f.): Skǫgul
[4] Skǫglar: so Tˣ, C, 761bˣ, ‘skavgar’ R, ‘[…]glar’ B, ‘sko᷎glar’ 744ˣ
[3, 4] gǫgl Yggs … élum Skǫglar ‘the goslings of Yggr <= Óðinn> [RAVENS] … with the storms of Skǫgul <valkyrie> [BATTLES]’: Yggs, gen. sg. of the Óðinn-name Yggr ‘terrible, fearsome one’, is clearly needed here, rather than ýgs, gen. sg. of the adj. ýgr ‘fierce, fearsome’.
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The lines are cited in SnE (Skm) within a sequence illustrating terms for rulers. They are followed by a remark that a king is called fylkir because he lines up his army in their fylkingar ‘battle ranks’ (SnE 1998, I, 100).
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