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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Gamlkan Has 45^VII

Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 45’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 113.

Gamli kanóki Harmsól

Há ‘of the high’

(not checked:)
3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high < háborg (noun f.)

kennings

heitfastr jǫfurr háborgar hreggs
‘the promise-faithful prince of the high fortress of the storm ’
= God
the high fortress of the storm → SKY/HEAVEN
the promise-faithful prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

Há ‘of the high’

(not checked:)
3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high < háborg (noun f.)

kennings

heitfastr jǫfurr háborgar hreggs
‘the promise-faithful prince of the high fortress of the storm ’
= God
the high fortress of the storm → SKY/HEAVEN
the promise-faithful prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

borgar ‘fortress’

(not checked:)
borg (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -; -ir): city, stronghold < háborg (noun f.)

kennings

heitfastr jǫfurr háborgar hreggs
‘the promise-faithful prince of the high fortress of the storm ’
= God
the high fortress of the storm → SKY/HEAVEN
the promise-faithful prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

borgar ‘fortress’

(not checked:)
borg (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -; -ir): city, stronghold < háborg (noun f.)

kennings

heitfastr jǫfurr háborgar hreggs
‘the promise-faithful prince of the high fortress of the storm ’
= God
the high fortress of the storm → SKY/HEAVEN
the promise-faithful prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

fæsk ‘is found’

(not checked:)
2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive

hvergi ‘Nowhere’

(not checked:)
1. hvergi (adv.): nowhere

hald ‘help’

(not checked:)
hald (noun n.; °-s; *-): support

þats ‘which’

(not checked:)
1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

bresti ‘fails’

(not checked:)
1. bresta (verb; °brestr; brast, brustu; brostinn): burst, split

aldri ‘never’

(not checked:)
aldri (adv.): never

hreggs ‘of the storm’

(not checked:)
hregg (noun n.): storm

kennings

heitfastr jǫfurr háborgar hreggs
‘the promise-faithful prince of the high fortress of the storm ’
= God
the high fortress of the storm → SKY/HEAVEN
the promise-faithful prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

hreggs ‘of the storm’

(not checked:)
hregg (noun n.): storm

kennings

heitfastr jǫfurr háborgar hreggs
‘the promise-faithful prince of the high fortress of the storm ’
= God
the high fortress of the storm → SKY/HEAVEN
the promise-faithful prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

nema ‘unless’

(not checked:)
2. nema (conj.): unless

horskum ‘to prudent’

(not checked:)
horskr (adj.; °compar. -ari): wise

notes

[3] horskum seggjum ‘to prudent men’: Kock (NN §§224, 1206) notes that this phrase may be construed as belonging to either cl. in the first helmingr, giving either the arrangement adopted here, or that adopted by Finnur Jónsson (Skj B): hvergi fæsk hald horskum seggjum, þats aldri bresti ‘nowhere is found help for prudent men which never fails’.

seggjum ‘men’

(not checked:)
seggr (noun m.; °; -ir): man

notes

[3] horskum seggjum ‘to prudent men’: Kock (NN §§224, 1206) notes that this phrase may be construed as belonging to either cl. in the first helmingr, giving either the arrangement adopted here, or that adopted by Finnur Jónsson (Skj B): hvergi fæsk hald horskum seggjum, þats aldri bresti ‘nowhere is found help for prudent men which never fails’.

heit ‘the promise’

(not checked:)
heit (noun n.; °; -): promise < heitfastr (adj.): pledge-firm

kennings

heitfastr jǫfurr háborgar hreggs
‘the promise-faithful prince of the high fortress of the storm ’
= God
the high fortress of the storm → SKY/HEAVEN
the promise-faithful prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

fastr ‘faithful’

(not checked:)
fastr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): firm, fast < heitfastr (adj.): pledge-firm

kennings

heitfastr jǫfurr háborgar hreggs
‘the promise-faithful prince of the high fortress of the storm ’
= God
the high fortress of the storm → SKY/HEAVEN
the promise-faithful prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

jǫfurr ‘prince’

(not checked:)
jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince

kennings

heitfastr jǫfurr háborgar hreggs
‘the promise-faithful prince of the high fortress of the storm ’
= God
the high fortress of the storm → SKY/HEAVEN
the promise-faithful prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

veiti ‘may grant’

(not checked:)
2. veita (verb): grant, give

[4] veiti: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘[...](e)ite’(?) B

Sterk ‘The mighty’

(not checked:)
sterkr (adj.): strong

[5] Sterk lofar drótt: abbrev. as ‘Sterk lofar drott ok d.’ B

lofar ‘praises’

(not checked:)
lofa (verb): praise, permit

[5] Sterk lofar drótt: abbrev. as ‘Sterk lofar drott ok d.’ B

drótt ‘host’

(not checked:)
1. drótt (noun f.): troop

[5] Sterk lofar drótt: abbrev. as ‘Sterk lofar drott ok d.’ B

ok ‘and’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

dýrkar ‘glorifies’

(not checked:)
dýrka (verb; °-að-): glorify, worship

dag ‘of the day’

(not checked:)
dagr (noun m.; °-s, dat. degi/dag/dagi(Thom¹ 332¹n.); -ar): day < dagstallr (noun m.): day-support

kennings

snjallan konung dagstalls;
‘the glorious king of the day-support; ’
= God
the day-support; → SKY/HEAVEN
the glorious king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

dag ‘of the day’

(not checked:)
dagr (noun m.; °-s, dat. degi/dag/dagi(Thom¹ 332¹n.); -ar): day < dagstallr (noun m.): day-support

kennings

snjallan konung dagstalls;
‘the glorious king of the day-support; ’
= God
the day-support; → SKY/HEAVEN
the glorious king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

stalls ‘support’

(not checked:)
stallr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): seat, stall, support < dagstallr (noun m.): day-support

kennings

snjallan konung dagstalls;
‘the glorious king of the day-support; ’
= God
the day-support; → SKY/HEAVEN
the glorious king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

stalls ‘support’

(not checked:)
stallr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): seat, stall, support < dagstallr (noun m.): day-support

kennings

snjallan konung dagstalls;
‘the glorious king of the day-support; ’
= God
the day-support; → SKY/HEAVEN
the glorious king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

konung ‘king’

(not checked:)
konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king

kennings

snjallan konung dagstalls;
‘the glorious king of the day-support; ’
= God
the day-support; → SKY/HEAVEN
the glorious king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

snjallan ‘the glorious’

(not checked:)
snjallr (adj.): quick, resourceful, bold

kennings

snjallan konung dagstalls;
‘the glorious king of the day-support; ’
= God
the day-support; → SKY/HEAVEN
the glorious king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

himins ‘of heaven’

(not checked:)
himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky

kennings

fróðr fylkir himins
‘the excellent king of heaven ’
= God
the excellent king of heaven → God

es ‘is’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

fylkir ‘king’

(not checked:)
fylkir (noun m.): leader

kennings

fróðr fylkir himins
‘the excellent king of heaven ’
= God
the excellent king of heaven → God

fremri ‘superior’

(not checked:)
framr (adj.; °compar. framari/fremri, superl. framastr/fremstr): outstanding, foremost

fróðr ‘the excellent’

(not checked:)
fróðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): wise

kennings

fróðr fylkir himins
‘the excellent king of heaven ’
= God
the excellent king of heaven → God

hví ‘to’

(not checked:)
hví (adv.): why

vetna ‘everything’

góðu ‘that is good’

(not checked:)
góðr (adj.): good

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

[5-8]: The third and final instance of stef 2.

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