Gamlkan Has 44VII
Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 44’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 112-13.
Leygs ‘of the flame’
(not checked:)
1. leygr (noun m.): flame
kennings
Dáðreyndr jǫfurr leygs flugreinar svana‘The deed-proven prince of the flame of the flying-land of swans ’
= God
the flying-land of swans → SKY/HEAVEN
the flame of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
The deed-proven prince of the SUN → God
Leygs ‘of the flame’
(not checked:)
1. leygr (noun m.): flame
kennings
Dáðreyndr jǫfurr leygs flugreinar svana‘The deed-proven prince of the flame of the flying-land of swans ’
= God
the flying-land of swans → SKY/HEAVEN
the flame of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
The deed-proven prince of the SUN → God
hefr ‘has’
(not checked:)
hafa (verb): have
dánar ‘their death’
(not checked:)
dánar- ((prefix)): [their death] < dánardœgr (noun n.): °day of (sby’s) death
dœgri ‘day’
(not checked:)
dœgr (noun n.; °-s; -): day and night; 24h period < dánardœgr (noun n.): °day of (sby’s) death
dáð ‘The deed’
(not checked:)
dáð (noun f.; °; -ir): feat, deed < dáðreyndr (adj.)
kennings
Dáðreyndr jǫfurr leygs flugreinar svana‘The deed-proven prince of the flame of the flying-land of swans ’
= God
the flying-land of swans → SKY/HEAVEN
the flame of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
The deed-proven prince of the SUN → God
reyndr ‘proven’
(not checked:)
-reyndr (adj.): [proven] < dáðreyndr (adj.)
kennings
Dáðreyndr jǫfurr leygs flugreinar svana‘The deed-proven prince of the flame of the flying-land of swans ’
= God
the flying-land of swans → SKY/HEAVEN
the flame of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
The deed-proven prince of the SUN → God
jǫfurr ‘prince’
(not checked:)
jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
kennings
Dáðreyndr jǫfurr leygs flugreinar svana‘The deed-proven prince of the flame of the flying-land of swans ’
= God
the flying-land of swans → SKY/HEAVEN
the flame of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
The deed-proven prince of the SUN → God
leynða ‘concealed from’
(not checked:)
1. leyna (verb): hide, conceal
kennings
Dáðreyndr jǫfurr leygs flugreinar svana‘The deed-proven prince of the flame of the flying-land of swans ’
= God
the flying-land of swans → SKY/HEAVEN
the flame of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
The deed-proven prince of the SUN → God
kennings
Dáðreyndr jǫfurr leygs flugreinar svana‘The deed-proven prince of the flame of the flying-land of swans ’
= God
the flying-land of swans → SKY/HEAVEN
the flame of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
The deed-proven prince of the SUN → God
kennings
Dáðreyndr jǫfurr leygs flugreinar svana‘The deed-proven prince of the flame of the flying-land of swans ’
= God
the flying-land of swans → SKY/HEAVEN
the flame of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
The deed-proven prince of the SUN → God
flug ‘of the flying’
(not checked:)
2. flug (noun n.): flight, ?precipice < flugrein (noun f.)
kennings
Dáðreyndr jǫfurr leygs flugreinar svana‘The deed-proven prince of the flame of the flying-land of swans ’
= God
the flying-land of swans → SKY/HEAVEN
the flame of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
The deed-proven prince of the SUN → God
flug ‘of the flying’
(not checked:)
2. flug (noun n.): flight, ?precipice < flugrein (noun f.)
kennings
Dáðreyndr jǫfurr leygs flugreinar svana‘The deed-proven prince of the flame of the flying-land of swans ’
= God
the flying-land of swans → SKY/HEAVEN
the flame of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
The deed-proven prince of the SUN → God
flug ‘of the flying’
(not checked:)
2. flug (noun n.): flight, ?precipice < flugrein (noun f.)
kennings
Dáðreyndr jǫfurr leygs flugreinar svana‘The deed-proven prince of the flame of the flying-land of swans ’
= God
the flying-land of swans → SKY/HEAVEN
the flame of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
The deed-proven prince of the SUN → God
reinar ‘land’
(not checked:)
rein (noun f.): strip of land < flugrein (noun f.)
kennings
Dáðreyndr jǫfurr leygs flugreinar svana‘The deed-proven prince of the flame of the flying-land of swans ’
= God
the flying-land of swans → SKY/HEAVEN
the flame of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
The deed-proven prince of the SUN → God
reinar ‘land’
(not checked:)
rein (noun f.): strip of land < flugrein (noun f.)
kennings
Dáðreyndr jǫfurr leygs flugreinar svana‘The deed-proven prince of the flame of the flying-land of swans ’
= God
the flying-land of swans → SKY/HEAVEN
the flame of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
The deed-proven prince of the SUN → God
reinar ‘land’
(not checked:)
rein (noun f.): strip of land < flugrein (noun f.)
kennings
Dáðreyndr jǫfurr leygs flugreinar svana‘The deed-proven prince of the flame of the flying-land of swans ’
= God
the flying-land of swans → SKY/HEAVEN
the flame of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
The deed-proven prince of the SUN → God
sínu ‘’
(not checked:)
3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
sviptendr ‘the brisk movers’
(not checked:)
sviptandi (noun m.): [brisk movers]
kennings
sviptendr skriptar jǫru‘the brisk movers of the icon of battle ’
= WARRIORS
the icon of battle → SHIELD
the brisk movers of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
jǫru ‘of battle’
(not checked:)
jara (noun f.): battle
kennings
sviptendr skriptar jǫru‘the brisk movers of the icon of battle ’
= WARRIORS
the icon of battle → SHIELD
the brisk movers of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
jǫru ‘of battle’
(not checked:)
jara (noun f.): battle
kennings
sviptendr skriptar jǫru‘the brisk movers of the icon of battle ’
= WARRIORS
the icon of battle → SHIELD
the brisk movers of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
skriptar ‘of the icon’
(not checked:)
1. skrift (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): image
kennings
sviptendr skriptar jǫru‘the brisk movers of the icon of battle ’
= WARRIORS
the icon of battle → SHIELD
the brisk movers of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
skriptar ‘of the icon’
(not checked:)
1. skrift (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): image
kennings
sviptendr skriptar jǫru‘the brisk movers of the icon of battle ’
= WARRIORS
the icon of battle → SHIELD
the brisk movers of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
þvít ‘because’
(not checked:)
þvít (conj.): because, since
frón ‘of the earth’
(not checked:)
2. frón (noun n.): earth, land < frónspennir (noun m.)
kennings
fagrtjalda frónspennir‘earth-clasper of the fair tents’
= God
the fair tents of the earth → SKY/HEAVEN
the clasper of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
frón ‘of the earth’
(not checked:)
2. frón (noun n.): earth, land < frónspennir (noun m.)
kennings
fagrtjalda frónspennir‘earth-clasper of the fair tents’
= God
the fair tents of the earth → SKY/HEAVEN
the clasper of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
spennir ‘the clasper’
(not checked:)
spennir (noun m.): clasper < frónspennir (noun m.)
kennings
fagrtjalda frónspennir‘earth-clasper of the fair tents’
= God
the fair tents of the earth → SKY/HEAVEN
the clasper of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
finna ‘to find’
(not checked:)
2. finna (verb): find, meet
fagr ‘of the fair’
(not checked:)
fagr (adj.; °fagran; compar. fegri, superl. fegrstr): fair, beautiful < fagrtjald (noun n.)
kennings
fagrtjalda frónspennir‘earth-clasper of the fair tents’
= God
the fair tents of the earth → SKY/HEAVEN
the clasper of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
fagr ‘of the fair’
(not checked:)
fagr (adj.; °fagran; compar. fegri, superl. fegrstr): fair, beautiful < fagrtjald (noun n.)
kennings
fagrtjalda frónspennir‘earth-clasper of the fair tents’
= God
the fair tents of the earth → SKY/HEAVEN
the clasper of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
tjalda ‘tents’
(not checked:)
tjald (noun n.; °-s; *-): tent, awning < fagrtjald (noun n.)
kennings
fagrtjalda frónspennir‘earth-clasper of the fair tents’
= God
the fair tents of the earth → SKY/HEAVEN
the clasper of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
tjalda ‘tents’
(not checked:)
tjald (noun n.; °-s; *-): tent, awning < fagrtjald (noun n.)
kennings
fagrtjalda frónspennir‘earth-clasper of the fair tents’
= God
the fair tents of the earth → SKY/HEAVEN
the clasper of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
vill ‘wishes’
(not checked:)
vilja (verb): want, intend
aldri ‘never’
(not checked:)
aldri (adv.): never
dœlar ‘of the dell’
(not checked:)
dœl (noun f.; °dat. -): [dell]
kennings
dœlar seiðs dúnmeiða‘feather-bed-trees of the fish of the dell’
= MEN
the fish of the dell → SNAKE
the feather-bed of the SNAKE → GOLD
the trees of the GOLD → MEN
dœlar ‘of the dell’
(not checked:)
dœl (noun f.; °dat. -): [dell]
kennings
dœlar seiðs dúnmeiða‘feather-bed-trees of the fish of the dell’
= MEN
the fish of the dell → SNAKE
the feather-bed of the SNAKE → GOLD
the trees of the GOLD → MEN
dœlar ‘of the dell’
(not checked:)
dœl (noun f.; °dat. -): [dell]
kennings
dœlar seiðs dúnmeiða‘feather-bed-trees of the fish of the dell’
= MEN
the fish of the dell → SNAKE
the feather-bed of the SNAKE → GOLD
the trees of the GOLD → MEN
seiðs ‘of the fish’
(not checked:)
2. seiðr (noun m.): coalfish
kennings
dœlar seiðs dúnmeiða‘feather-bed-trees of the fish of the dell’
= MEN
the fish of the dell → SNAKE
the feather-bed of the SNAKE → GOLD
the trees of the GOLD → MEN
notes
[7] seiðs (gen. sg.) ‘fish’: Specifically, the saithe or coalfish (gadus virens). Both Rydberg and Finnur Jónsson (Skj A) read the initial consonant as <l>, not <s>, and it is easy to see why: the letter in B has an ascender with right-leaning final stroke that is more similar to this scribe’s <l>s than to his <s>s. However, Finnur may have changed his mind, for Skj B has seiðr here.
seiðs ‘of the fish’
(not checked:)
2. seiðr (noun m.): coalfish
kennings
dœlar seiðs dúnmeiða‘feather-bed-trees of the fish of the dell’
= MEN
the fish of the dell → SNAKE
the feather-bed of the SNAKE → GOLD
the trees of the GOLD → MEN
notes
[7] seiðs (gen. sg.) ‘fish’: Specifically, the saithe or coalfish (gadus virens). Both Rydberg and Finnur Jónsson (Skj A) read the initial consonant as <l>, not <s>, and it is easy to see why: the letter in B has an ascender with right-leaning final stroke that is more similar to this scribe’s <l>s than to his <s>s. However, Finnur may have changed his mind, for Skj B has seiðr here.
seiðs ‘of the fish’
(not checked:)
2. seiðr (noun m.): coalfish
kennings
dœlar seiðs dúnmeiða‘feather-bed-trees of the fish of the dell’
= MEN
the fish of the dell → SNAKE
the feather-bed of the SNAKE → GOLD
the trees of the GOLD → MEN
notes
[7] seiðs (gen. sg.) ‘fish’: Specifically, the saithe or coalfish (gadus virens). Both Rydberg and Finnur Jónsson (Skj A) read the initial consonant as <l>, not <s>, and it is easy to see why: the letter in B has an ascender with right-leaning final stroke that is more similar to this scribe’s <l>s than to his <s>s. However, Finnur may have changed his mind, for Skj B has seiðr here.
við ‘for’
(not checked:)
2. við (prep.): with, against
dauða ‘death’
(not checked:)
1. dauðr (noun m.; °-s): death
dún ‘of the feather-bed’
(not checked:)
1. dúnn (noun m.; °dat. dúni): down, feather-bed < dúnmeiðr (noun m.)
kennings
dœlar seiðs dúnmeiða‘feather-bed-trees of the fish of the dell’
= MEN
the fish of the dell → SNAKE
the feather-bed of the SNAKE → GOLD
the trees of the GOLD → MEN
dún ‘of the feather-bed’
(not checked:)
1. dúnn (noun m.; °dat. dúni): down, feather-bed < dúnmeiðr (noun m.)
kennings
dœlar seiðs dúnmeiða‘feather-bed-trees of the fish of the dell’
= MEN
the fish of the dell → SNAKE
the feather-bed of the SNAKE → GOLD
the trees of the GOLD → MEN
meiða ‘the trees’
(not checked:)
meiðr (noun m.): beam, tree < dúnmeiðr (noun m.)
kennings
dœlar seiðs dúnmeiða‘feather-bed-trees of the fish of the dell’
= MEN
the fish of the dell → SNAKE
the feather-bed of the SNAKE → GOLD
the trees of the GOLD → MEN
van ‘un’
(not checked:)
van- ((prefix)): [very , un] < vanbúinn (adj./verb p.p.)
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Leygs hefr dánardœgri |
The deed-proven prince of the flame of the flying-land of swans [SKY/HEAVEN > SUN > = God] has concealed from the brisk movers of the icon of battle [SHIELD > WARRIORS] their death-day, because the clasper of the fair tents of the earth [(lit. ‘earth-clasper of the fair tents’) SKY/HEAVEN > = God] wishes never to find the trees of the feather-bed of the fish of the dell [(lit. ‘feather-bed-trees of the fish of the dell’) SNAKE > GOLD > MEN] unprepared for death.
Stanza/chapter/text segment
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
Information tab
- text: if the stanza has been published, the edited text of the stanza and translation are here; if it hasn't been published an old edition (usually Skj) is given for reference
- sources: a list of the manuscripts or inscriptions containing this stanza, with page and line references and links (eye button) to images where available, and transcription where available
- readings: a list of variant manuscript readings of words in the main text
- editions and texts: a list of editions of the stanza with links to the bibliography; and a list of prose works in which the stanza occurs, allowing you to navigate within the prose context
- notes and context: notes not linked to individual words are given here, along with the account of the prose context for the stanza, where relevant
Interactive tab
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
Full text tab
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
Chapter/text segment
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.