Eskál Vell 8I
Edith Marold (ed.) 2012, ‘Einarr skálaglamm Helgason, Vellekla 8’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 292.
Mart ‘Many’
(not checked:)
2. margr (adj.; °-an): many
kennings
Mart él Ála‘Many a storm of Áli ’
= BATTLE
Many a storm of Áli → BATTLE
varð ‘came about’
(not checked:)
1. verða (verb): become, be
ek ‘’
(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
kennings
Mart él Ála‘Many a storm of Áli ’
= BATTLE
Many a storm of Áli → BATTLE
áðr ‘before’
(not checked:)
áðr (adv.; °//): before
Ála ‘of Áli’
(not checked:)
Áli (noun m.): Áli
kennings
Mart él Ála‘Many a storm of Áli ’
= BATTLE
Many a storm of Áli → BATTLE
austr ‘in the east’
(not checked:)
2. austr (noun n.; °-s): the east < austrland (noun n.): eastern lands
lǫnd ‘the lands’
(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land < austrland (noun n.): eastern lands
at ‘at’
(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to
notes
[2] at mun banda ‘at the will of the gods’: Here the skald represents the conquering of Norway as in line with the will of the gods (n. pl. bǫnd). Other instances in skaldic poetry (see Marold 1992, 705-7) indicate that these gods protect the land from evil or entrust it to rulers of whom they approve, cf. Tindr Hákdr 8/5-8, where the gods want Hákon to surpass all other rulers. It may be that the bǫnd are especially linked to the jarls of Hlaðir (Lade), cf. also st. 14/4 below and the stef ‘refrain’ of Bandadrápa, composed for Hákon jarl’s son Eiríkr, which confirms that Eiríkr rules the land at mun banda (Edáð Banddr 9/1).
mun ‘the will’
(not checked:)
munr (noun m.; °-ar/-s, dat. -/-i; -ir, acc. -i): mind, pleasure
notes
[2] at mun banda ‘at the will of the gods’: Here the skald represents the conquering of Norway as in line with the will of the gods (n. pl. bǫnd). Other instances in skaldic poetry (see Marold 1992, 705-7) indicate that these gods protect the land from evil or entrust it to rulers of whom they approve, cf. Tindr Hákdr 8/5-8, where the gods want Hákon to surpass all other rulers. It may be that the bǫnd are especially linked to the jarls of Hlaðir (Lade), cf. also st. 14/4 below and the stef ‘refrain’ of Bandadrápa, composed for Hákon jarl’s son Eiríkr, which confirms that Eiríkr rules the land at mun banda (Edáð Banddr 9/1).
branda ‘’
(not checked:)
brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
notes
[2] at mun banda ‘at the will of the gods’: Here the skald represents the conquering of Norway as in line with the will of the gods (n. pl. bǫnd). Other instances in skaldic poetry (see Marold 1992, 705-7) indicate that these gods protect the land from evil or entrust it to rulers of whom they approve, cf. Tindr Hákdr 8/5-8, where the gods want Hákon to surpass all other rulers. It may be that the bǫnd are especially linked to the jarls of Hlaðir (Lade), cf. also st. 14/4 below and the stef ‘refrain’ of Bandadrápa, composed for Hákon jarl’s son Eiríkr, which confirms that Eiríkr rules the land at mun banda (Edáð Banddr 9/1).
rauðar ‘’
(not checked:)
rauðr (adj.; °compar. -ari): red
randar ‘of the shield’
(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
[3] randar: rauðar Bb
kennings
rœkilundr lauks randar‘the tending-tree of the leek of the shield ’
= WARRIOR
the leek of the shield → SWORD
the tending-tree of the SWORD → WARRIOR
randar ‘of the shield’
(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
[3] randar: rauðar Bb
kennings
rœkilundr lauks randar‘the tending-tree of the leek of the shield ’
= WARRIOR
the leek of the shield → SWORD
the tending-tree of the SWORD → WARRIOR
lauks ‘of the leek’
(not checked:)
laukr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): leek, mast
kennings
rœkilundr lauks randar‘the tending-tree of the leek of the shield ’
= WARRIOR
the leek of the shield → SWORD
the tending-tree of the SWORD → WARRIOR
lauks ‘of the leek’
(not checked:)
laukr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): leek, mast
kennings
rœkilundr lauks randar‘the tending-tree of the leek of the shield ’
= WARRIOR
the leek of the shield → SWORD
the tending-tree of the SWORD → WARRIOR
af ‘by’
(not checked:)
af (prep.): from
ríki ‘force’
(not checked:)
ríki (noun n.; °-s; -): kingdom, power
rœki ‘the tending’
(not checked:)
rœkja (verb): care, look after < rœkilundr (noun m.)
kennings
rœkilundr lauks randar‘the tending-tree of the leek of the shield ’
= WARRIOR
the leek of the shield → SWORD
the tending-tree of the SWORD → WARRIOR
lundr ‘tree’
(not checked:)
1. lundr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ar): grove, tree < rœkilundr (noun m.)
[4] ‑lundr: corrected from ‑sundr J2ˣ
kennings
rœkilundr lauks randar‘the tending-tree of the leek of the shield ’
= WARRIOR
the leek of the shield → SWORD
the tending-tree of the SWORD → WARRIOR
ef ‘’
(not checked:)
3. ef (conj.): if
tœki ‘took’
(not checked:)
2. taka (verb): take
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
See st. 6.
[1]: (a) Almost all interpreters, including the present ed., have accepted the division of the line Mart varð él, áðr, Ála ‘many a storm came about, before, of Áli’; cf. Reichardt (1928, 154-5). (b) Kock (NN §396, followed by Ohlmarks 1958, 366) suggests a simpler solution in which él ‘storm’ is translated as ‘battle’ and Ála collocates with austrlǫnd ‘the eastern lands’ in the following line as a kenning for Norway. But Ála must be the determinant of the battle-kenning, because él alone is not known to signify ‘battle’; see LP: él. The kenning austrlǫnd Ála is also unlikely (see Reichardt 1928, 154-5; Reichardt 1930, 241). (c) Kuhn (1929b, 201), also seeking to avoid a tripartite line, attaches Ála to lauks randar ‘leek of the shield’, the determinant of rœkilundr ‘tending tree’, but that similarly creates an overdetermined kenning while leaving él ‘battle’ without a determinant.
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