Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Fragments 17’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 167.
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œsa (verb): surge
[1] œsir ‘stir up’: Lit. ‘stirs up’: The verb is in the sg. but it has a coordinate subject (see NS §70).
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hvass (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): keen, sharp
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hraustr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): strong, valiant
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himinglæva (noun f.): himinglæva
[2] Himinglæva: One of Ægir’s daughters, ‘heaven-bright one’ (i.e. reflections of the sky on the surface of the sea). See also Þul Waves l. 3 and Þul Sjóvar 4/4.
[2] þyt: ‘þvt’ R, þýtr C
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sjór (noun m.): sea
[3] Unnar ‘of Unnr’: Unnr means ‘wave’. See also Þul Waves l. 7 and Þul Sjóvar 4/5.
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vaxa (verb): grow, increase
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2. Gǫndul (noun f.): Gǫndul
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2. Gǫndul (noun f.): Gǫndul
[4] skúfs ‘skua’: An arctic bird of prey (Stercorarius skua). See also Note to Þul Fugla 3/5-6.
[4] skúfs ‘skua’: An arctic bird of prey (Stercorarius skua). See also Note to Þul Fugla 3/5-6.
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
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2. dúfa (noun f.): dove
[4] Dúfa: The third daughter of Ægir, ‘rocking one’. See also Þul Waves l. 8 and Þul Sjóvar 4/6.
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bræddr (adj.): tarred, tar-painted
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strýkja (verb): [strokes]
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Blóðughadda (noun f.): Blóðughadda
[5] Blóðughadda: This daughter’s name translates as ‘bloody-haired one’. It is not clear why a wave should be bloody-haired, unless it refers to the colour of the sea at sunset. See also Þul Waves l. 6 and Þul Sjóvar 4/8.
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brimsolginn (adj.): [sea-swollen]
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falla (verb): fall
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kolga (noun f.): breaker, wave
[6] Kolga ‘Kólga’: Ægir’s fifth daughter is ‘cool one’. See also Þul Waves l. 7 and Þul Sjóvar 4/3.
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2. hlýr (noun n.; °-s; -): cheek, bow
[7] hlýr þars Hefring stœrir (‘hlyr þar ær hæfring stærir’): ‘[…]’ B, ‘hlýr skilr hefring st u er’ 744ˣ
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þars (conj.): where
[7] hlýr þars Hefring stœrir (‘hlyr þar ær hæfring stærir’): ‘[…]’ B, ‘hlýr skilr hefring st u er’ 744ˣ
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hefring (noun f.): hefring
[7] hlýr þars Hefring stœrir (‘hlyr þar ær hæfring stærir’): ‘[…]’ B, ‘hlýr skilr hefring st u er’ 744ˣ
[7] Hefring: The sixth and last daughter of Ægir named here is ‘self-lifting one’. See also Þul Waves l. 3 and Þul Sjóvar 4/1.
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stœra (verb): increase, strengthen
[7] hlýr þars Hefring stœrir (‘hlyr þar ær hæfring stærir’): ‘[…]’ B, ‘hlýr skilr hefring st u er’ 744ˣ
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haflauðr (noun n.): [sea-foam]
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3. of (prep.): around, from; too
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1. viðr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. -u/-i): wood, tree
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rauðr (adj.; °compar. -ari): red
[8] rauðan: ‘rauða[…]’ B, ‘raudan’ 744ˣ
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
In Skm the stanza is cited because it enumerates the names of six of the nine daughters of Ægir, a sea-giant in Old Norse myth. Ægir is a personification of the sea, and his daughters are the waves.
All of the heiti for ‘wave’ found in this stanza are also listed in Þul Waves, and the two stanzas are indeed so similar that it is tempting to suggest that the latter, which is anonymous, may have been composed by Einarr as well. The heiti are also listed in Þul Sjóvar 4 and in the prose of Skm (SnE 1998, I, 36).
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