Fragments §

Sær ‘sea’

sjór (noun m.): sea

þýtr ‘roars’

þjóta (verb): roar

en ‘and’

2. en (conj.): but, and

berr ‘carries’

3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry

bára ‘the wave’

1. bára (noun f.; °-u; -ur): wave

bjart ‘bright’

bjartr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bright

lauðr ‘foam’

lauðr (noun n.): foam, surf

of ‘around’

3. of (prep.): around, from; too

við ‘wood’

1. viðr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. -u/-i): wood, tree

rauðan ‘the red’

rjóða (verb): to redden

gránn ‘The grey’

gránn (adj.): grey

[3] gránn (m. nom. sg.) ‘grey’: All mss have gráns (m. gen. sg.) ‘of the grey’, which makes no sense syntactically. The adj. can qualify either sær m. nom. sg. ‘sea’ or hlunnvisundr m. nom. sg. ‘ship’. Since the wood of the ship is described as ‘red’ (rauðan við) (l. 2), the former is more likely. The adj. gránn can also mean ‘dangerous’, but in light of the colour imagery that pervades this stanza, the meaning ‘grey’ has been adopted.

þars ‘where’

þars (conj.): where

[3-4] þars hlunnvisundr gínn golli búnum munni ‘where the roller-bison [SHIP] gapes with its gold-adorned mouth’: This refers to the golden ornamental animal head affixed to the prow of a ship (see Falk 1912, 105-7 and Jesch 2001a, 127-8). For similar imagery of the ocean playing with such golden heads on a royal vessel, see Valg Har 10^II, 11/1-4^II.

golli ‘with its gold’

gull (noun n.): gold

[3-4] þars hlunnvisundr gínn golli búnum munni ‘where the roller-bison [SHIP] gapes with its gold-adorned mouth’: This refers to the golden ornamental animal head affixed to the prow of a ship (see Falk 1912, 105-7 and Jesch 2001a, 127-8). For similar imagery of the ocean playing with such golden heads on a royal vessel, see Valg Har 10^II, 11/1-4^II.

búnum ‘adorned’

2. búa (verb; °býr (1. pers. býg NjM 330²⁴); bjó/bjuggi/bjǫggi/byggi, bjuggu/bjǫggu (præt. conj. byggi); búinn (n. sg. búit/bút)): prepare, ready, live

[3-4] þars hlunnvisundr gínn golli búnum munni ‘where the roller-bison [SHIP] gapes with its gold-adorned mouth’: This refers to the golden ornamental animal head affixed to the prow of a ship (see Falk 1912, 105-7 and Jesch 2001a, 127-8). For similar imagery of the ocean playing with such golden heads on a royal vessel, see Valg Har 10^II, 11/1-4^II.

gínn ‘gapes’

1. gína (verb): gape

[3-4] þars hlunnvisundr gínn golli búnum munni ‘where the roller-bison [SHIP] gapes with its gold-adorned mouth’: This refers to the golden ornamental animal head affixed to the prow of a ship (see Falk 1912, 105-7 and Jesch 2001a, 127-8). For similar imagery of the ocean playing with such golden heads on a royal vessel, see Valg Har 10^II, 11/1-4^II.

hlunn ‘the roller’

hlunnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): roller < hlunnvisundr (noun m.)

[3-4] þars hlunnvisundr gínn golli búnum munni ‘where the roller-bison [SHIP] gapes with its gold-adorned mouth’: This refers to the golden ornamental animal head affixed to the prow of a ship (see Falk 1912, 105-7 and Jesch 2001a, 127-8). For similar imagery of the ocean playing with such golden heads on a royal vessel, see Valg Har 10^II, 11/1-4^II. — [4] hlunnvisundr ‘the roller-bison [SHIP]’: Hlunnr was one of the post that supported a ship on the shore or was used as a roller in a slipway.

hlunn ‘the roller’

hlunnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): roller < hlunnvisundr (noun m.)

[3-4] þars hlunnvisundr gínn golli búnum munni ‘where the roller-bison [SHIP] gapes with its gold-adorned mouth’: This refers to the golden ornamental animal head affixed to the prow of a ship (see Falk 1912, 105-7 and Jesch 2001a, 127-8). For similar imagery of the ocean playing with such golden heads on a royal vessel, see Valg Har 10^II, 11/1-4^II. — [4] hlunnvisundr ‘the roller-bison [SHIP]’: Hlunnr was one of the post that supported a ship on the shore or was used as a roller in a slipway.

visundr ‘bison’

nom.

vísundr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): bison < hlunnvisundr (noun m.)

[3-4] þars hlunnvisundr gínn golli búnum munni ‘where the roller-bison [SHIP] gapes with its gold-adorned mouth’: This refers to the golden ornamental animal head affixed to the prow of a ship (see Falk 1912, 105-7 and Jesch 2001a, 127-8). For similar imagery of the ocean playing with such golden heads on a royal vessel, see Valg Har 10^II, 11/1-4^II. — [4] hlunnvisundr ‘the roller-bison [SHIP]’: Hlunnr was one of the post that supported a ship on the shore or was used as a roller in a slipway.

visundr ‘bison’

nom.

vísundr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): bison < hlunnvisundr (noun m.)

[3-4] þars hlunnvisundr gínn golli búnum munni ‘where the roller-bison [SHIP] gapes with its gold-adorned mouth’: This refers to the golden ornamental animal head affixed to the prow of a ship (see Falk 1912, 105-7 and Jesch 2001a, 127-8). For similar imagery of the ocean playing with such golden heads on a royal vessel, see Valg Har 10^II, 11/1-4^II. — [4] hlunnvisundr ‘the roller-bison [SHIP]’: Hlunnr was one of the post that supported a ship on the shore or was used as a roller in a slipway.

munni ‘mouth’

munnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): mouth

[3-4] þars hlunnvisundr gínn golli búnum munni ‘where the roller-bison [SHIP] gapes with its gold-adorned mouth’: This refers to the golden ornamental animal head affixed to the prow of a ship (see Falk 1912, 105-7 and Jesch 2001a, 127-8). For similar imagery of the ocean playing with such golden heads on a royal vessel, see Valg Har 10^II, 11/1-4^II.