HSt Rst 8I
Rolf Stavnem (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallar-Steinn, Rekstefja 8’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 905.
Hauk ‘of the hawk’
(not checked:)
1. haukr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): hawk < haukjóð (noun n.): [hawk-offspring]
kennings
bý haukjóðs‘the homestead of the hawk-offspring ’
= HAND
the hawk-offspring → HAWK
the homestead of the HAWK → HAND
notes
[1, 4] gengu … á bý haukjóðs þengils ‘placed themselves ... in the homestead of the hawk-offspring [HAWK > HAND] of the ruler’: The expression plays on the phrase ganga á hǫnd e-s/e-m ‘to submit to sby’. Hǫnd ‘hand’ is here expressed by a kenning; cf. a similar device in Anon Óldr 10/1-4, also referring to submission to Óláfr Tryggvason.
Hauk ‘of the hawk’
(not checked:)
1. haukr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): hawk < haukjóð (noun n.): [hawk-offspring]
kennings
bý haukjóðs‘the homestead of the hawk-offspring ’
= HAND
the hawk-offspring → HAWK
the homestead of the HAWK → HAND
notes
[1, 4] gengu … á bý haukjóðs þengils ‘placed themselves ... in the homestead of the hawk-offspring [HAWK > HAND] of the ruler’: The expression plays on the phrase ganga á hǫnd e-s/e-m ‘to submit to sby’. Hǫnd ‘hand’ is here expressed by a kenning; cf. a similar device in Anon Óldr 10/1-4, also referring to submission to Óláfr Tryggvason.
jóðs ‘offspring’
(not checked:)
jóð (noun n.): child, offspring < haukjóð (noun n.): [hawk-offspring]
kennings
bý haukjóðs‘the homestead of the hawk-offspring ’
= HAND
the hawk-offspring → HAWK
the homestead of the HAWK → HAND
notes
[1, 4] gengu … á bý haukjóðs þengils ‘placed themselves ... in the homestead of the hawk-offspring [HAWK > HAND] of the ruler’: The expression plays on the phrase ganga á hǫnd e-s/e-m ‘to submit to sby’. Hǫnd ‘hand’ is here expressed by a kenning; cf. a similar device in Anon Óldr 10/1-4, also referring to submission to Óláfr Tryggvason.
jóðs ‘offspring’
(not checked:)
jóð (noun n.): child, offspring < haukjóð (noun n.): [hawk-offspring]
kennings
bý haukjóðs‘the homestead of the hawk-offspring ’
= HAND
the hawk-offspring → HAWK
the homestead of the HAWK → HAND
notes
[1, 4] gengu … á bý haukjóðs þengils ‘placed themselves ... in the homestead of the hawk-offspring [HAWK > HAND] of the ruler’: The expression plays on the phrase ganga á hǫnd e-s/e-m ‘to submit to sby’. Hǫnd ‘hand’ is here expressed by a kenning; cf. a similar device in Anon Óldr 10/1-4, also referring to submission to Óláfr Tryggvason.
harða ‘very’
(not checked:)
harða (adv.): very
víða ‘widely’
(not checked:)
1. víða (adv.): widely
hôtt ‘metre’
(not checked:)
1. háttr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. hætti; hættir, acc. háttu): behaviour, measure, verse-form
notes
[2] hôtt ‘the metre’: The inexact rhyme on dróttir is acceptable in view of the apparent inconsistencies of assonance in Rst; see Introduction and Note to st. 3/8 above. Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) argued for hótt-, and this is adopted in Skj B, but not in Skald.
norrœnar ‘Norwegian’
(not checked:)
norrœnn (adj.): [Norwegian]
notes
[2] dróttir* ‘troops’: The ms. has a trivial error here: the scribe wrote <ir> both in full and as a superscript abbreviation. The exact implication of dróttir is uncertain here, since it was the people of Norway rather than Hákon’s army who submitted to Óláfr.
Þund ‘of Þundr’s’
(not checked:)
Þundr (noun m.): Þundr < þundregn (noun n.)
kennings
Þundregns.‘of Þundr’s rain. ’
= POETRY
Þundr’s rain. → POETRY
notes
[3] Þundregns ‘of Þundr’s <= Óðinn’s> rain [POETRY]’: (a) The context suggests a kenning alluding to the myth of the mead of poetry (so, seemingly, Skj B, and see Meissner 429), and although drink or waves are the most common form of liquid to be so designated, this conforms to the basic pattern. (On the myth see SnE 1998, I, 3-4; Note to Eskál Vell 1 [All]; Introduction to SkP III; Frank 1981; Davidson 1983, 418-47). (b) LP: Þundregn takes this as a battle-kenning, which would perhaps join with hôtt(r) ‘metre’ to mean battle poetry.
regns ‘rain’
(not checked:)
regn (noun n.; °-s; -): rain < þundregn (noun n.)
kennings
Þundregns.‘of Þundr’s rain. ’
= POETRY
Þundr’s rain. → POETRY
notes
[3] Þundregns ‘of Þundr’s <= Óðinn’s> rain [POETRY]’: (a) The context suggests a kenning alluding to the myth of the mead of poetry (so, seemingly, Skj B, and see Meissner 429), and although drink or waves are the most common form of liquid to be so designated, this conforms to the basic pattern. (On the myth see SnE 1998, I, 3-4; Note to Eskál Vell 1 [All]; Introduction to SkP III; Frank 1981; Davidson 1983, 418-47). (b) LP: Þundregn takes this as a battle-kenning, which would perhaps join with hôtt(r) ‘metre’ to mean battle poetry.
of ‘for him’
(not checked:)
4. of (particle): (before verb)
vandak ‘I fashion’
(not checked:)
vanda (verb): fashion, execute
þengils ‘of the ruler’
(not checked:)
þengill (noun m.): prince, ruler
notes
[1, 4] gengu … á bý haukjóðs þengils ‘placed themselves ... in the homestead of the hawk-offspring [HAWK > HAND] of the ruler’: The expression plays on the phrase ganga á hǫnd e-s/e-m ‘to submit to sby’. Hǫnd ‘hand’ is here expressed by a kenning; cf. a similar device in Anon Óldr 10/1-4, also referring to submission to Óláfr Tryggvason.
á ‘in’
(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at
notes
[1, 4] gengu … á bý haukjóðs þengils ‘placed themselves ... in the homestead of the hawk-offspring [HAWK > HAND] of the ruler’: The expression plays on the phrase ganga á hǫnd e-s/e-m ‘to submit to sby’. Hǫnd ‘hand’ is here expressed by a kenning; cf. a similar device in Anon Óldr 10/1-4, also referring to submission to Óláfr Tryggvason.
bý ‘the homestead’
(not checked:)
býr (noun m.; °býjar/bjár/bjór/bjárs, dat. -; gen. býa/bjá, dat. bjóm/bjám, acc. býi/býa/bjá): dwelling, down
kennings
bý haukjóðs‘the homestead of the hawk-offspring ’
= HAND
the hawk-offspring → HAWK
the homestead of the HAWK → HAND
notes
[1, 4] gengu … á bý haukjóðs þengils ‘placed themselves ... in the homestead of the hawk-offspring [HAWK > HAND] of the ruler’: The expression plays on the phrase ganga á hǫnd e-s/e-m ‘to submit to sby’. Hǫnd ‘hand’ is here expressed by a kenning; cf. a similar device in Anon Óldr 10/1-4, also referring to submission to Óláfr Tryggvason.
gengu ‘placed’
(not checked:)
2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
notes
[1, 4] gengu … á bý haukjóðs þengils ‘placed themselves ... in the homestead of the hawk-offspring [HAWK > HAND] of the ruler’: The expression plays on the phrase ganga á hǫnd e-s/e-m ‘to submit to sby’. Hǫnd ‘hand’ is here expressed by a kenning; cf. a similar device in Anon Óldr 10/1-4, also referring to submission to Óláfr Tryggvason.
Óráð ‘misdeeds’
(not checked:)
óráð (noun n.): [misdeeds]
illri ‘evil’
(not checked:)
illr (adj.): bad, evil, unwell
notes
[5] illri þjóðu ‘evil people’: Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) suggests that ‘evil people’ is a reference to pagans and their faith (cf. st. 9). However, it is more likely that it refers to the (unidentified) vikings mentioned in l. 8.
þjóðu ‘people’
(not checked:)
þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
notes
[5] illri þjóðu ‘evil people’: Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) suggests that ‘evil people’ is a reference to pagans and their faith (cf. st. 9). However, it is more likely that it refers to the (unidentified) vikings mentioned in l. 8.
Óláfr ‘Óláfr’
(not checked:)
Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr
notes
[6] Óláfr: On the form of the king’s name, see Note to st. 3/8.
dála ‘thoroughly’
(not checked:)
dála (adv.): completely
víg ‘the battle’
(not checked:)
víg (noun n.; °-s; -): battle < vígrunnr (noun m.): [battle-tree]
kennings
vígrunnr‘the battle-tree ’
= WARRIOR
the battle-tree → WARRIOR
runnr ‘tree’
(not checked:)
runnr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): bush, tree < vígrunnr (noun m.): [battle-tree]
kennings
vígrunnr‘the battle-tree ’
= WARRIOR
the battle-tree → WARRIOR
velja ‘to deal’
(not checked:)
velja (verb): choose
notes
[7] velja ‘deal’: The primary sense of the verb is ‘choose’, but the context indicates ‘deal, provide’, which is supported by st. 13/5 (cf. Konráð Gíslason 1895-7).
kunni ‘was able’
(not checked:)
kunna (verb): know, can, be able
víkingum ‘vikings’
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víkingr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): viking
hlut ‘a fate’
(not checked:)
hlutr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. -i/-u): part, thing
slíkan ‘such’
(not checked:)
2. slíkr (adj.): such
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