Anon Pét 41^VII

Skekr ‘is shaken’

(not checked:)
2. skaka (verb): shake

notes

[1] skekr ráðs ‘his resolve is shaken’: Finnur Jónsson (LP: skaka) tentatively suggests a contextual sense for skaka ráðs: være usikker ‘to be uncertain’ (though he notes that the phrase is ‘obscure and perhaps corrupt’). At the same time s.v. reika he suggests that ráðs may belong with that verb. Skaka is normally transitive (see Fritzner), and here is perhaps used impersonally: ‘it shakes (him) with respect to his plan of action = his resolve is shaken’.

nú ‘Now’

(not checked:)
nú (adv.): now

ráðs ‘resolve’

(not checked:)
ráð (noun n.; °-s; -): advice, plan, control, power

notes

[1] skekr ráðs ‘his resolve is shaken’: Finnur Jónsson (LP: skaka) tentatively suggests a contextual sense for skaka ráðs: være usikker ‘to be uncertain’ (though he notes that the phrase is ‘obscure and perhaps corrupt’). At the same time s.v. reika he suggests that ráðs may belong with that verb. Skaka is normally transitive (see Fritzner), and here is perhaps used impersonally: ‘it shakes (him) with respect to his plan of action = his resolve is shaken’.

og ‘and’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

reikar ‘he falters’

(not checked:)
reika (verb): stagger, falter

rann ‘he ran’

(not checked:)
2. renna (verb): run (strong)

notes

[2-3] rann brott með varðhaldsmanni ‘he ran away with a watchman’: Finnur Jónsson proposes a sense vogter, fængselsvogter ‘watchman, guard, prison-guard’ for varðhaldsmaðr (see LP), but does not explain precisely which prison-guard he imagines Peter eloping with (one of Christ’s captors?). The passage would appear to refer to Christ’s abandonment by his disciples at the moment of his arrest: Mark XIV.50 (cf. Matt. XXVI.56) tunc discipuli eius relinquentes eum omnes fugerunt ‘then his disciples leaving him, all fled away’. A normal sense of varðhaldsmaðr is ‘watchkeeper, watchman’ (see Fritzner; cf. varðmaðr), and since all of Christ’s followers were enjoined to keep watch in Gethsemane (Mark XIV.34 sustinete hic et vigilate; cf. Matt. XXVI.38), the term might perhaps refer ironically to one of the other disciples (or, even more obliquely, to the only other figure who is reported to have fled at the time of Christ’s capture, the adulescens of Mark XIV.51-2: adulescens autem quidam sequebatur illum ... et tenuerunt eum, at ille reiecta sindone nudus profugit ab eis ‘and a certain young man followed him ... and they laid hold on him, but he, casting off the linen cloth, fled from them naked’). But the passage remains obscure. Three gospels record only that after Christ’s arrest, Peter ‘followed him afar off’ (Matt. XXVI.58; Mark XIV.54; Luke XXII.54). John XVIII.15 notes that Peter followed Jesus together with ‘another disciple’ (Petrus et alius discipulus). In some versions of the passage, this figure is identified as John (cf. Kirby 1976-80, II, 313 [John XVIII.16f.]; Pétr 14/1).

með ‘with’

(not checked:)
með (prep.): with

notes

[2-3] rann brott með varðhaldsmanni ‘he ran away with a watchman’: Finnur Jónsson proposes a sense vogter, fængselsvogter ‘watchman, guard, prison-guard’ for varðhaldsmaðr (see LP), but does not explain precisely which prison-guard he imagines Peter eloping with (one of Christ’s captors?). The passage would appear to refer to Christ’s abandonment by his disciples at the moment of his arrest: Mark XIV.50 (cf. Matt. XXVI.56) tunc discipuli eius relinquentes eum omnes fugerunt ‘then his disciples leaving him, all fled away’. A normal sense of varðhaldsmaðr is ‘watchkeeper, watchman’ (see Fritzner; cf. varðmaðr), and since all of Christ’s followers were enjoined to keep watch in Gethsemane (Mark XIV.34 sustinete hic et vigilate; cf. Matt. XXVI.38), the term might perhaps refer ironically to one of the other disciples (or, even more obliquely, to the only other figure who is reported to have fled at the time of Christ’s capture, the adulescens of Mark XIV.51-2: adulescens autem quidam sequebatur illum ... et tenuerunt eum, at ille reiecta sindone nudus profugit ab eis ‘and a certain young man followed him ... and they laid hold on him, but he, casting off the linen cloth, fled from them naked’). But the passage remains obscure. Three gospels record only that after Christ’s arrest, Peter ‘followed him afar off’ (Matt. XXVI.58; Mark XIV.54; Luke XXII.54). John XVIII.15 notes that Peter followed Jesus together with ‘another disciple’ (Petrus et alius discipulus). In some versions of the passage, this figure is identified as John (cf. Kirby 1976-80, II, 313 [John XVIII.16f.]; Pétr 14/1).

varðhalds ‘a watch’

(not checked:)
varðhald (noun n.): watch < varðhaldsmaðr (noun m.)

notes

[2-3] rann brott með varðhaldsmanni ‘he ran away with a watchman’: Finnur Jónsson proposes a sense vogter, fængselsvogter ‘watchman, guard, prison-guard’ for varðhaldsmaðr (see LP), but does not explain precisely which prison-guard he imagines Peter eloping with (one of Christ’s captors?). The passage would appear to refer to Christ’s abandonment by his disciples at the moment of his arrest: Mark XIV.50 (cf. Matt. XXVI.56) tunc discipuli eius relinquentes eum omnes fugerunt ‘then his disciples leaving him, all fled away’. A normal sense of varðhaldsmaðr is ‘watchkeeper, watchman’ (see Fritzner; cf. varðmaðr), and since all of Christ’s followers were enjoined to keep watch in Gethsemane (Mark XIV.34 sustinete hic et vigilate; cf. Matt. XXVI.38), the term might perhaps refer ironically to one of the other disciples (or, even more obliquely, to the only other figure who is reported to have fled at the time of Christ’s capture, the adulescens of Mark XIV.51-2: adulescens autem quidam sequebatur illum ... et tenuerunt eum, at ille reiecta sindone nudus profugit ab eis ‘and a certain young man followed him ... and they laid hold on him, but he, casting off the linen cloth, fled from them naked’). But the passage remains obscure. Three gospels record only that after Christ’s arrest, Peter ‘followed him afar off’ (Matt. XXVI.58; Mark XIV.54; Luke XXII.54). John XVIII.15 notes that Peter followed Jesus together with ‘another disciple’ (Petrus et alius discipulus). In some versions of the passage, this figure is identified as John (cf. Kirby 1976-80, II, 313 [John XVIII.16f.]; Pétr 14/1).

manni ‘man’

(not checked:)
maðr (noun m.): man, person < varðhaldsmaðr (noun m.)

notes

[2-3] rann brott með varðhaldsmanni ‘he ran away with a watchman’: Finnur Jónsson proposes a sense vogter, fængselsvogter ‘watchman, guard, prison-guard’ for varðhaldsmaðr (see LP), but does not explain precisely which prison-guard he imagines Peter eloping with (one of Christ’s captors?). The passage would appear to refer to Christ’s abandonment by his disciples at the moment of his arrest: Mark XIV.50 (cf. Matt. XXVI.56) tunc discipuli eius relinquentes eum omnes fugerunt ‘then his disciples leaving him, all fled away’. A normal sense of varðhaldsmaðr is ‘watchkeeper, watchman’ (see Fritzner; cf. varðmaðr), and since all of Christ’s followers were enjoined to keep watch in Gethsemane (Mark XIV.34 sustinete hic et vigilate; cf. Matt. XXVI.38), the term might perhaps refer ironically to one of the other disciples (or, even more obliquely, to the only other figure who is reported to have fled at the time of Christ’s capture, the adulescens of Mark XIV.51-2: adulescens autem quidam sequebatur illum ... et tenuerunt eum, at ille reiecta sindone nudus profugit ab eis ‘and a certain young man followed him ... and they laid hold on him, but he, casting off the linen cloth, fled from them naked’). But the passage remains obscure. Three gospels record only that after Christ’s arrest, Peter ‘followed him afar off’ (Matt. XXVI.58; Mark XIV.54; Luke XXII.54). John XVIII.15 notes that Peter followed Jesus together with ‘another disciple’ (Petrus et alius discipulus). In some versions of the passage, this figure is identified as John (cf. Kirby 1976-80, II, 313 [John XVIII.16f.]; Pétr 14/1).

brott ‘away’

(not checked:)
2. burt (adv.): away

notes

[2-3] rann brott með varðhaldsmanni ‘he ran away with a watchman’: Finnur Jónsson proposes a sense vogter, fængselsvogter ‘watchman, guard, prison-guard’ for varðhaldsmaðr (see LP), but does not explain precisely which prison-guard he imagines Peter eloping with (one of Christ’s captors?). The passage would appear to refer to Christ’s abandonment by his disciples at the moment of his arrest: Mark XIV.50 (cf. Matt. XXVI.56) tunc discipuli eius relinquentes eum omnes fugerunt ‘then his disciples leaving him, all fled away’. A normal sense of varðhaldsmaðr is ‘watchkeeper, watchman’ (see Fritzner; cf. varðmaðr), and since all of Christ’s followers were enjoined to keep watch in Gethsemane (Mark XIV.34 sustinete hic et vigilate; cf. Matt. XXVI.38), the term might perhaps refer ironically to one of the other disciples (or, even more obliquely, to the only other figure who is reported to have fled at the time of Christ’s capture, the adulescens of Mark XIV.51-2: adulescens autem quidam sequebatur illum ... et tenuerunt eum, at ille reiecta sindone nudus profugit ab eis ‘and a certain young man followed him ... and they laid hold on him, but he, casting off the linen cloth, fled from them naked’). But the passage remains obscure. Three gospels record only that after Christ’s arrest, Peter ‘followed him afar off’ (Matt. XXVI.58; Mark XIV.54; Luke XXII.54). John XVIII.15 notes that Peter followed Jesus together with ‘another disciple’ (Petrus et alius discipulus). In some versions of the passage, this figure is identified as John (cf. Kirby 1976-80, II, 313 [John XVIII.16f.]; Pétr 14/1).

þvíað ‘because’

(not checked:)
þvít (conj.): because, since

ástin ‘love’

(not checked:)
ást (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): love

ótta ‘fear’

(not checked:)
ótti (noun m.; °-a): fear

notes

[3-4] ótta ógnstærðan ‘fear magnified by peril’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) emends ms. ‘ogn stærdan’ to ógnstærð, which he takes with ástin (l. 3): den ved frygten formerede kærlighed gjorde ham bange ‘the love increased through fear made him afraid’. As Kock observes (NN §1742), it is hard to see any advantage in this.

ógn ‘by peril’

(not checked:)
ógn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): terror, battle < ógnstœrðr (adj./verb p.p.)

notes

[3-4] ótta ógnstærðan ‘fear magnified by peril’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) emends ms. ‘ogn stærdan’ to ógnstærð, which he takes with ástin (l. 3): den ved frygten formerede kærlighed gjorde ham bange ‘the love increased through fear made him afraid’. As Kock observes (NN §1742), it is hard to see any advantage in this.

stærðan ‘magnified’

(not checked:)
stœra (verb): increase, strengthen < ógnstœrðr (adj./verb p.p.)

notes

[3-4] ótta ógnstærðan ‘fear magnified by peril’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) emends ms. ‘ogn stærdan’ to ógnstærð, which he takes with ástin (l. 3): den ved frygten formerede kærlighed gjorde ham bange ‘the love increased through fear made him afraid’. As Kock observes (NN §1742), it is hard to see any advantage in this.

honum ‘in him’

(not checked:)
hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

færði ‘induced’

(not checked:)
2. fœra (verb): bring

Böl ‘woe’

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bǫl (noun n.; °-s, dat. bǫlvi): evil

fyr ‘for’

(not checked:)
fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.

buðlung ‘the king’

(not checked:)
buðlungr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, prince

kennings

sólar ‘of the sun’

(not checked:)
sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun

kennings

bar ‘bore’

(not checked:)
3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry

stríðandi ‘The fighter’

(not checked:)
stríðandi (noun m.): fighter

kennings

notes

[6] stríðandi kvíða ‘the fighter against anxiety’: Kock (NN §1743) rejects the contradictory interpretations given in Skj B (where stríðandi is taken as adj. and ll. 5-7 are construed: kummerfuld nærede han den höjeste angstens pine ‘grief-stricken he harboured fear of the greatest agony’) and LP: stríðandi (where bǫls stríðandi is listed as an agent-kenning, though neither Skj A nor B has the emended reading bǫls). Taking stríðandi kvíða as subject and hæst böl as object makes good sense without emendation. Kvíða (see Fritzner: kvíði wk. m. ‘dread, apprehension, anxiety’) may be taken as either gen. or dat. sg. object of stríðandi (see Note to 30/5-6), but since a periphrasis that characterises Peter as ‘an adversary of fear’ is slightly problematic in a st. focusing on his timorous behaviour, the phrase may instead mean ‘fighter against anxiety’ and refer here to Peter’s internal struggle against his own fear.

kvíða ‘anxiety’

(not checked:)
1. kvíða (noun f.; °-u; -ur): [fear, anxiety]

kennings

notes

[6] stríðandi kvíða ‘the fighter against anxiety’: Kock (NN §1743) rejects the contradictory interpretations given in Skj B (where stríðandi is taken as adj. and ll. 5-7 are construed: kummerfuld nærede han den höjeste angstens pine ‘grief-stricken he harboured fear of the greatest agony’) and LP: stríðandi (where bǫls stríðandi is listed as an agent-kenning, though neither Skj A nor B has the emended reading bǫls). Taking stríðandi kvíða as subject and hæst böl as object makes good sense without emendation. Kvíða (see Fritzner: kvíði wk. m. ‘dread, apprehension, anxiety’) may be taken as either gen. or dat. sg. object of stríðandi (see Note to 30/5-6), but since a periphrasis that characterises Peter as ‘an adversary of fear’ is slightly problematic in a st. focusing on his timorous behaviour, the phrase may instead mean ‘fighter against anxiety’ and refer here to Peter’s internal struggle against his own fear.

hæst ‘the greatest’

(not checked:)
3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high

þó ‘though’

(not checked:)
þó (adv.): though

hyrfi ‘turned’

(not checked:)
1. hverfa (verb): turn, disappear

í ‘at’

(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into

fystu ‘first’

(not checked:)
fyrstr (num. ordinal): first

hann ‘he’

(not checked:)
hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

frá ‘from’

(not checked:)
frá (prep.): from

vizku ‘wisdom’

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vizka (noun f.; °-u): wisdom

sannri ‘true’

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2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true