Hundk Lv 7^VIII (HjǪ 40)

Æ ‘always’

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2. æ (adv.): always, forever

[1] Æ: om. papp6ˣ

ertu ‘You are’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

illr ‘ill-disposed’

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illr (adj.): bad, evil, unwell

gestum ‘to guests’

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gestr (noun m.): guest, stranger

opt ‘often’

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opt (adv.): often

hefir ‘have’

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hafa (verb): have

þú ‘you’

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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you

hölða ‘men’

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hǫlðr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): man

[2, 3] hölða þá: þá hölda ÍBR5ˣ

þá ‘those’

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1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

[2, 3] hölða þá: þá hölda ÍBR5ˣ

notes

[3] þá er hafa sóttan mik heim ‘those who have visited me at home’: Most eds, beginning with HjǪ 1720, have emended the mss’ heim sóttan to heimsóttu to produce the line þá er mik heimsóttu ‘those who visted me’.

er ‘who’

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2. er (conj.): who, which, when

[3] er: sem crossed out papp6ˣ

notes

[3] þá er hafa sóttan mik heim ‘those who have visited me at home’: Most eds, beginning with HjǪ 1720, have emended the mss’ heim sóttan to heimsóttu to produce the line þá er mik heimsóttu ‘those who visted me’.

mik ‘me’

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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

notes

[3] þá er hafa sóttan mik heim ‘those who have visited me at home’: Most eds, beginning with HjǪ 1720, have emended the mss’ heim sóttan to heimsóttu to produce the line þá er mik heimsóttu ‘those who visted me’.

hafa ‘have’

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hafa (verb): have

[3] hafa: hafa crossed out papp6ˣ

notes

[3] þá er hafa sóttan mik heim ‘those who have visited me at home’: Most eds, beginning with HjǪ 1720, have emended the mss’ heim sóttan to heimsóttu to produce the line þá er mik heimsóttu ‘those who visted me’.

heim ‘at home’

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heim (adv.): home, back

notes

[3] þá er hafa sóttan mik heim ‘those who have visited me at home’: Most eds, beginning with HjǪ 1720, have emended the mss’ heim sóttan to heimsóttu to produce the line þá er mik heimsóttu ‘those who visted me’.

sóttan ‘visited’

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sœkja (verb): seek, attack

[3] sóttan: sótta papp6ˣ

notes

[3] þá er hafa sóttan mik heim ‘those who have visited me at home’: Most eds, beginning with HjǪ 1720, have emended the mss’ heim sóttan to heimsóttu to produce the line þá er mik heimsóttu ‘those who visted me’.

til ‘to’

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til (prep.): to

notes

[4] færða ... til heljar ‘sent ... to Hel’: That is, caused to be killed. The phrase was probably empty of mythological content by the time this stanza was composed, but the phrasing is still reminiscent of the Old Norse concept that the dead travelled the road to the underworld presided over by Loki’s daughter Hel; see Bjbp Jóms 34/4^I helfarar ‘the way to hell’ and Note.

heljar ‘Hel’

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1. hel (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju): death, Hel, hell

notes

[4] færða ... til heljar ‘sent ... to Hel’: That is, caused to be killed. The phrase was probably empty of mythological content by the time this stanza was composed, but the phrasing is still reminiscent of the Old Norse concept that the dead travelled the road to the underworld presided over by Loki’s daughter Hel; see Bjbp Jóms 34/4^I helfarar ‘the way to hell’ and Note.

færða ‘sent’

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2. fœra (verb): bring

[4] færða: fært ÍBR5ˣ

notes

[4] færða ... til heljar ‘sent ... to Hel’: That is, caused to be killed. The phrase was probably empty of mythological content by the time this stanza was composed, but the phrasing is still reminiscent of the Old Norse concept that the dead travelled the road to the underworld presided over by Loki’s daughter Hel; see Bjbp Jóms 34/4^I helfarar ‘the way to hell’ and Note.

Gakk ‘Go’

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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go

notes

[5] gakk á annan bekk ‘go to the other bench’: That is, go to the bench opposite the one on which the king is sitting and to which he has invited his guests.

á ‘to’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

notes

[5] gakk á annan bekk ‘go to the other bench’: That is, go to the bench opposite the one on which the king is sitting and to which he has invited his guests.

bekk ‘bench’

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1. bekkr (noun m.; °-jar/-s, dat. -/-i; -ir): bench

notes

[5] gakk á annan bekk ‘go to the other bench’: That is, go to the bench opposite the one on which the king is sitting and to which he has invited his guests.

annan ‘the other’

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1. annarr (pron.; °f. ǫnnur, n. annat; pl. aðrir): (an)other, second

notes

[5] gakk á annan bekk ‘go to the other bench’: That is, go to the bench opposite the one on which the king is sitting and to which he has invited his guests.

garpr ‘fighter’

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garpr (noun m.): champion

mein ‘malevolent’

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mein (noun n.; °-s; -): harm, injury < meinhugaðr (adj./verb p.p.)

hugaðr ‘’

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-hugaðr (adj.): -minded < meinhugaðr (adj./verb p.p.)

hnyttr ‘gnome’

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hnyttr (noun m.)

notes

[7] hnyttr ‘gnome’: Not a common word in Old Norse (one citation in ONP: hnittr (?)), but it has cognates in Norw. nott, knott ‘short, thick person’ (LP, AEW: hnyttr).

inn ‘’

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2. inn (art.): the

harð ‘hard’

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harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh < harðleitr (adj.)

leiti ‘faced’

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-leitr (adj.): -looking < harðleitr (adj.)

harðr ‘a hard’

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harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh

[8] harðr er: harðr hraðr corrected from harðr er in another hand papp6ˣ

notes

[8] harðr er á annat borð ‘otherwise you will have a hard choice’: Lit. ‘it will be [a] hard [choice] at another table’. The idiom á annat borð means ‘otherwise, on the other hand’, and is frequently linked, implicitly or explicitly, with the phrase harðr kostr ‘hard choice’; for an example, see ONP: borð 1. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) translates ellers vil du blive hårdt medhandlet ‘otherwise you will be harshly treated’, but such a translation does not account for the adj. harðr ‘hard, harsh’ being m. nom. sg. rather than n. Cf. also Heiðr 1960, 32: Lítt mun ek til þess fær, enda mun harðr á annat borð þykkja ‘I have no great skill in that, but the other way seems hard’ (spoken by Gestumblindi when asked to propose a series of riddles).

er ‘otherwise’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

[8] harðr er: harðr hraðr corrected from harðr er in another hand papp6ˣ

notes

[8] harðr er á annat borð ‘otherwise you will have a hard choice’: Lit. ‘it will be [a] hard [choice] at another table’. The idiom á annat borð means ‘otherwise, on the other hand’, and is frequently linked, implicitly or explicitly, with the phrase harðr kostr ‘hard choice’; for an example, see ONP: borð 1. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) translates ellers vil du blive hårdt medhandlet ‘otherwise you will be harshly treated’, but such a translation does not account for the adj. harðr ‘hard, harsh’ being m. nom. sg. rather than n. Cf. also Heiðr 1960, 32: Lítt mun ek til þess fær, enda mun harðr á annat borð þykkja ‘I have no great skill in that, but the other way seems hard’ (spoken by Gestumblindi when asked to propose a series of riddles).

á ‘you will have’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

notes

[8] harðr er á annat borð ‘otherwise you will have a hard choice’: Lit. ‘it will be [a] hard [choice] at another table’. The idiom á annat borð means ‘otherwise, on the other hand’, and is frequently linked, implicitly or explicitly, with the phrase harðr kostr ‘hard choice’; for an example, see ONP: borð 1. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) translates ellers vil du blive hårdt medhandlet ‘otherwise you will be harshly treated’, but such a translation does not account for the adj. harðr ‘hard, harsh’ being m. nom. sg. rather than n. Cf. also Heiðr 1960, 32: Lítt mun ek til þess fær, enda mun harðr á annat borð þykkja ‘I have no great skill in that, but the other way seems hard’ (spoken by Gestumblindi when asked to propose a series of riddles).

borð ‘’

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borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table

notes

[8] harðr er á annat borð ‘otherwise you will have a hard choice’: Lit. ‘it will be [a] hard [choice] at another table’. The idiom á annat borð means ‘otherwise, on the other hand’, and is frequently linked, implicitly or explicitly, with the phrase harðr kostr ‘hard choice’; for an example, see ONP: borð 1. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) translates ellers vil du blive hårdt medhandlet ‘otherwise you will be harshly treated’, but such a translation does not account for the adj. harðr ‘hard, harsh’ being m. nom. sg. rather than n. Cf. also Heiðr 1960, 32: Lítt mun ek til þess fær, enda mun harðr á annat borð þykkja ‘I have no great skill in that, but the other way seems hard’ (spoken by Gestumblindi when asked to propose a series of riddles).

annat ‘choice’

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1. annarr (pron.; °f. ǫnnur, n. annat; pl. aðrir): (an)other, second

notes

[8] harðr er á annat borð ‘otherwise you will have a hard choice’: Lit. ‘it will be [a] hard [choice] at another table’. The idiom á annat borð means ‘otherwise, on the other hand’, and is frequently linked, implicitly or explicitly, with the phrase harðr kostr ‘hard choice’; for an example, see ONP: borð 1. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) translates ellers vil du blive hårdt medhandlet ‘otherwise you will be harshly treated’, but such a translation does not account for the adj. harðr ‘hard, harsh’ being m. nom. sg. rather than n. Cf. also Heiðr 1960, 32: Lítt mun ek til þess fær, enda mun harðr á annat borð þykkja ‘I have no great skill in that, but the other way seems hard’ (spoken by Gestumblindi when asked to propose a series of riddles).