Þhorn Harkv 16I
R. D. Fulk (ed.) 2012, ‘Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, Haraldskvæði (Hrafnsmál) 16’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 110.
Mjǫk ‘greatly’
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mjǫk (adv.): very, much
eru ‘are’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
reyfðir ‘’
reifðir ‘enriched’
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1. reifa (verb): endow, enrich
[1] reifðir: reyfðir 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ, FskAˣ, 52ˣ
róg ‘Strife’
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róg (noun n.; °-s): strife, slander < rógbirtingr (noun m.): [Strife-displayers]
kennings
‘Rógbirtingar‘‘Strife-displayers ’
= WARRIORS
‘Strife-displayers → WARRIORS
birtingar ‘displayers’
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birtingr (noun m.; °-s, dat -i/-): [sea-trout] < rógbirtingr (noun m.): [Strife-displayers]
kennings
‘Rógbirtingar‘‘Strife-displayers ’
= WARRIORS
‘Strife-displayers → WARRIORS
es ‘who’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
í ‘at’
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í (prep.): in, into
Haralds ‘Haraldr’s’
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Haraldr (noun m.): Haraldr
túni ‘court’
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tún (noun n.; °-s; -): homefield, enclosure
húnum ‘dice’
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1. húnn (noun m.; °; húnar): knob
notes
[4] húnum ‘dice’: The word refers to gaming pieces, such as those in the game called tafl or hnefatafl or else (in later contexts) in chess: on these see Note to Rv Lv 1/1II. In the present context, the verb verpa ‘cast’ may more specifically suggest dice. Húnn seems to have the meaning ‘die, dice’ as the solution to one of Gestumblindi’s riddles in Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks (Gestumbl Heiðr 26VIII (Heiðr 73)).
í ‘’
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í (prep.): in, into
verpa ‘cast’
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1. verpa (verb): to throw, cast (up)
lífi ‘’
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lífi (noun n.; °-s): life
Úfi ‘’
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Úfi (noun m.)
fé ‘’
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fé (noun n.; °fjár/féar; -): cattle, money
* ‘with’
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(non-lexical)
[5] * Féi: í fé 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ, ‘IIfe’ or ‘Ufe’ FskAˣ, 301ˣ, ‘Ufe’ 52ˣ
notes
[5] * féi ‘with valuables’: The dat. ending -i is required here by the metre, but the later monosyllabic form fé seems to have replaced it in transmission, with a prep. added to compensate. In the FskA transcripts this prep. appears as a heavy mark that may be ‘II’ or ‘U’, perhaps a corruption of Ii (= Í).
Féi ‘valuables’
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fé (noun n.; °fjár/féar; -): cattle, money
[5] * Féi: í fé 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ, ‘IIfe’ or ‘Ufe’ FskAˣ, 301ˣ, ‘Ufe’ 52ˣ
notes
[5] * féi ‘with valuables’: The dat. ending -i is required here by the metre, but the later monosyllabic form fé seems to have replaced it in transmission, with a prep. added to compensate. In the FskA transcripts this prep. appears as a heavy mark that may be ‘II’ or ‘U’, perhaps a corruption of Ii (= Í).
eru ‘are’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
þeir ‘They’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
[5] þeir gœddir: so FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, þess beðnir 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ
gœddir ‘endowed’
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gœða (verb): endow
[5] þeir gœddir: so FskAˣ, 52ˣ, 301ˣ, þess beðnir 51ˣ, FskBˣ, 302ˣ
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
mækum ‘’
fǫgrum ‘handsome’
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fagr (adj.; °fagran; compar. fegri, superl. fegrstr): fair, beautiful
mætum ‘treasures’
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mætr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): honoured, respected
[6] mætum: so 301ˣ, ‘mæcom’ corrected from ‘mætom’ 51ˣ, 302ˣ, FskAˣ, ‘mæcom’ FskBˣ, 52ˣ
notes
[6] mætum ‘treasures’: (a) This, the reading of 301ˣ (and 51ˣ, 302ˣ, FskAˣ, though altered there to ‘mæcom’) fits the context better and is supported by Árni Magnússon’s transcript in 761aˣ. (b) Möbius (1860), Fsk 1902-3 and Skj B read mækum ‘swords’, in agreement with most of the transcripts of Fsk. Skald prints mækjum, the more correct form (Jón Helgason 1968, 19).
malmi ‘metal’
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malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal
notes
[7] húnlenzkum malmi ‘with Hunnish metal’: This is the only skaldic instance of the adj. (LP: húnlenzkr). It may refer to the area of modern Hungary, but eddic references to the Húnar or Húnaland relate to the people and land of Attila the Hun (d. 454), legendary enemy of the Burgundian Nibelung dynasty. For discussion of the possible identification of Húnaland with Saxland, see Beck (1994c). Malmr ‘metal’ could refer to precious metal or weaponry (see LP: malmr).
húnlenzkum ‘with Hunnish’
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húnlenzkr (adj.): [with Hunnish]
notes
[7] húnlenzkum malmi ‘with Hunnish metal’: This is the only skaldic instance of the adj. (LP: húnlenzkr). It may refer to the area of modern Hungary, but eddic references to the Húnar or Húnaland relate to the people and land of Attila the Hun (d. 454), legendary enemy of the Burgundian Nibelung dynasty. For discussion of the possible identification of Húnaland with Saxland, see Beck (1994c). Malmr ‘metal’ could refer to precious metal or weaponry (see LP: malmr).
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
mani ‘bondwoman’
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man (noun n.): girl
austrœnu ‘an eastern’
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austrœnn (adj.): eastern
notes
[8] austrœnu ‘eastern’: Perhaps here from the Baltic or Slavonic territories (ONP: austrœnn I. 3) or from eastern Scandinavia.
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