R. D. Fulk (ed.) 2012, ‘Sigvatr Þórðarson, Austrfararvísur 10’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 597.
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snjallr (adj.): quick, resourceful, bold
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snjallr (adj.): quick, resourceful, bold
[1] Snjalls: snjallr 325VI, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 325VII, Flat, ‘Snalldz’ 75c
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1. um (prep.): about, around
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
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skíð (noun n.; °; -): ski
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skolla (verb): ridicule, rock
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(non-lexical) < skjǫldungr (noun m.): king(non-lexical) < skjǫldungr (noun m.): king
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-ungr < skjǫldungr (noun m.): king
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2. við (prep.): with, against
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1. ey (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-; -jar): island
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út (adv.): out(side)
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tjalda (verb): pitch a tent; hang with cloth
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tjalda (verb): pitch a tent; hang with cloth
[2] tjǫlduð: ‘tilld vt’ 325V, tjaldað 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, 78aˣ
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
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ágætr (adj.; °compar. ágǽtari/ágǽtri, superl. ágǽtastr/ágǽztr): excellent
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ágætr (adj.; °compar. ágǽtari/ágǽtri, superl. ágǽtastr/ágǽztr): excellent
[3] ágætu: ágætum 61
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2. ǫnd (noun f.; °andar, dat. ǫnd/ǫndu; andir): soul, breath < ǫndverðr (adj.): early, beginning
[4] ǫndvert: ‘o᷎ndítt’ 73aˣ
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3. verðr (adj.): worth, worthy < ǫndverðr (adj.): early, beginning
[4] ǫndvert: ‘o᷎ndítt’ 73aˣ
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sumar (noun n.; °-s; sumur/sumar): summer
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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
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2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again
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í (prep.): in, into
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haust (noun n.; °-s; -): autumn
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2. þá (adv.): then
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þar (adv.): there
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3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high
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hestr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): horse, stallion
[5] hestar: hæstar 325VII
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(non-lexical) < hagþorn (noun m.)(non-lexical) < hagþorn (noun m.)
[6] hag‑: haf‑ 68, 61, 75c, Flat, Tóm
[6] á mó hagþorns ‘on the hawthorn’s moor [LAND]’: The point is that ships are drawn up onto land at the onset of winter – and so is the poet as he rides reluctantly on his mission. (a) The phrase adequately conveys the sense ‘dry land’. As a kenning it is not very convincing, but the alternatives are arguably not more so. (b) Kock (NN §628) interprets gen. hagþorns adjectivally to mean ‘overgrown with hawthorns’, so that mó hagþorns is not a kenning (so also ÍF 27). (c) Finnur Jónsson (Skj B, but cf. LP: hagþorn) construes hagþorns with hestar Ekkils ‘the horses of Ekkill <sea-king> [SHIPS]’ in l. 5; but it is superfluous in that kenning, and there is no apparent reason to associate hawthorns with ships. (d) Meissner 88 suggests emending mó to mar ‘sea’, producing an eccentric kenning but one that would have logic as the inverse of the pattern láð þangs ‘land of sea-weed [SEA]’. The range of the hawthorn in Norway and Sweden has played a role in attempts to identify Sigvatr’s route for the journey and the season of his departure: see Beckman (1923, 331); Beckman (1934, 213); Edqvist (1943, 70-1).
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Þórr (noun m.): Thor; giant, ogre, monster < hafþórr (noun m.)
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1. þorn (noun m.; °; -ar): thorn < hagþorn (noun m.)1. þorn (noun m.; °; -ar): thorn < hafþorn (noun m.)
[6] ‑þorns: þorn 73aˣ, ‘‑þors’ Tóm
[6] á mó hagþorns ‘on the hawthorn’s moor [LAND]’: The point is that ships are drawn up onto land at the onset of winter – and so is the poet as he rides reluctantly on his mission. (a) The phrase adequately conveys the sense ‘dry land’. As a kenning it is not very convincing, but the alternatives are arguably not more so. (b) Kock (NN §628) interprets gen. hagþorns adjectivally to mean ‘overgrown with hawthorns’, so that mó hagþorns is not a kenning (so also ÍF 27). (c) Finnur Jónsson (Skj B, but cf. LP: hagþorn) construes hagþorns with hestar Ekkils ‘the horses of Ekkill <sea-king> [SHIPS]’ in l. 5; but it is superfluous in that kenning, and there is no apparent reason to associate hawthorns with ships. (d) Meissner 88 suggests emending mó to mar ‘sea’, producing an eccentric kenning but one that would have logic as the inverse of the pattern láð þangs ‘land of sea-weed [SEA]’. The range of the hawthorn in Norway and Sweden has played a role in attempts to identify Sigvatr’s route for the journey and the season of his departure: see Beckman (1923, 331); Beckman (1934, 213); Edqvist (1943, 70-1).
[6] á mó hagþorns ‘on the hawthorn’s moor [LAND]’: The point is that ships are drawn up onto land at the onset of winter – and so is the poet as he rides reluctantly on his mission. (a) The phrase adequately conveys the sense ‘dry land’. As a kenning it is not very convincing, but the alternatives are arguably not more so. (b) Kock (NN §628) interprets gen. hagþorns adjectivally to mean ‘overgrown with hawthorns’, so that mó hagþorns is not a kenning (so also ÍF 27). (c) Finnur Jónsson (Skj B, but cf. LP: hagþorn) construes hagþorns with hestar Ekkils ‘the horses of Ekkill <sea-king> [SHIPS]’ in l. 5; but it is superfluous in that kenning, and there is no apparent reason to associate hawthorns with ships. (d) Meissner 88 suggests emending mó to mar ‘sea’, producing an eccentric kenning but one that would have logic as the inverse of the pattern láð þangs ‘land of sea-weed [SEA]’. The range of the hawthorn in Norway and Sweden has played a role in attempts to identify Sigvatr’s route for the journey and the season of his departure: see Beckman (1923, 331); Beckman (1934, 213); Edqvist (1943, 70-1).
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1. mór (noun m.; °; -ar): moor, heath
[6] á mó: ‘amo’ R686ˣ, Holm4, 75c, Flat, ‘aíno’ Bb
[6] á mó hagþorns ‘on the hawthorn’s moor [LAND]’: The point is that ships are drawn up onto land at the onset of winter – and so is the poet as he rides reluctantly on his mission. (a) The phrase adequately conveys the sense ‘dry land’. As a kenning it is not very convincing, but the alternatives are arguably not more so. (b) Kock (NN §628) interprets gen. hagþorns adjectivally to mean ‘overgrown with hawthorns’, so that mó hagþorns is not a kenning (so also ÍF 27). (c) Finnur Jónsson (Skj B, but cf. LP: hagþorn) construes hagþorns with hestar Ekkils ‘the horses of Ekkill <sea-king> [SHIPS]’ in l. 5; but it is superfluous in that kenning, and there is no apparent reason to associate hawthorns with ships. (d) Meissner 88 suggests emending mó to mar ‘sea’, producing an eccentric kenning but one that would have logic as the inverse of the pattern láð þangs ‘land of sea-weed [SEA]’. The range of the hawthorn in Norway and Sweden has played a role in attempts to identify Sigvatr’s route for the journey and the season of his departure: see Beckman (1923, 331); Beckman (1934, 213); Edqvist (1943, 70-1).
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2. sporna (verb): tread
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2. rœða (verb): utter, speak
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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
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tjá (verb): to put in order, prepare
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2. taka (verb): take
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tjá (verb): to put in order, prepare
[7] ték (‘te ec’): tæ ek 325V, 325VI, 75a, 78aˣ, 68, 325VII, fekk 61, tek ek Holm4, Flat, Kˣ, ræð ek Tóm
[7, 8] ték ýmissar íðir ‘I report various doings’: As Finnur Jónsson (1932, 9) observes, the point is simply to contrast the different kinds of ‘riding’ in the two helmingar. For ték ‘I report’, Noreen (1923, 38) would read tekk ‘I take’ with Kˣ and Holm4, on questionable stemmatic grounds, and regardless of sense.
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ýmiss (adj.): various, alternate
[7, 8] ték ýmissar íðir ‘I report various doings’: As Finnur Jónsson (1932, 9) observes, the point is simply to contrast the different kinds of ‘riding’ in the two helmingar. For ték ‘I report’, Noreen (1923, 38) would read tekk ‘I take’ with Kˣ and Holm4, on questionable stemmatic grounds, and regardless of sense.
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Eikjar (noun f.)
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1. ekkja (noun f.; °-u; -ur, gen. ekkna): widow, woman
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1. ekkja (noun f.; °-u; -ur, gen. ekkna): widow, woman
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Ekkill (noun m.): Ekkill
[7] Ekkils: so Kˣ, ekkjum Holm2, 68, ekkjur 325V, R686ˣ, 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 61, Holm4, 75c, Flat, Tóm, ‘ækiur’ 325VII, eikjum Bb
[7] Ekkils ‘of Ekkill <sea-king>’: (a) Though unique to Kˣ, Ekkils is surely correct, being the lectio difficilior. (b) Some eds adopt the reading ekkjum of some mss, with the poetic meaning ‘women’ (lit. ‘widows’) and place it in the intercalary clause, with the result that it is horses rather than ships that tread the land in autumn (Ternström 1871; ÍF 27; Jón Skaptason 1983, 91).
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3. iðr (noun n.; °; -): womb, innards
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iðn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): task
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íð (noun f.): task
[8] íðir: ‘iþ(r)r’(?) R686ˣ, ‘iðil’ 325VI, 75a, 78aˣ, iðnir 73aˣ, 68, 75c, 325VII, Flat, Tóm, iðit 61
[7, 8] ték ýmissar íðir ‘I report various doings’: As Finnur Jónsson (1932, 9) observes, the point is simply to contrast the different kinds of ‘riding’ in the two helmingar. For ték ‘I report’, Noreen (1923, 38) would read tekk ‘I take’ with Kˣ and Holm4, on questionable stemmatic grounds, and regardless of sense.
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2. hlíta (verb): [endure]
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2. hlýða (verb): hear, listen; be able
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hlykkr (noun m.; °; -ir): °knæk, krumning; bortforklaring, udflugt
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hljóta (verb): alot, gain
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hljóta (verb): alot, gain
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hljóta (verb): alot, gain
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hljóta (verb): alot, gain
[8] hlýtk: hlýt 325V, Flat, ‘hlytt’ R686ˣ, ‘hlite’ 972ˣ, ‘hlyck’ 325VI, ‘hlyt’ 75a, hlýsk 78aˣ, hlýt with a letter above t 68, hlautk Holm4, Kˣ
[8] hlýtk ‘it is my lot’: The reading hlautk ‘it was my lot’ of Kˣ and Holm4, as recommended by Noreen (1923, 38), is adopted in some eds (ÍF 27; Hkr 1991), but it seems likelier that the poet is contrasting past contentment with present discontent, and at all events he treats his riding as taking place in the present moment in the following stanza, with its pres.-tense verbs. It is easier to explain why hlýtk should have been altered to hlautk by a copyist, to agree with pret. létum ‘we let’ in l. 1, than the reverse.
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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
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1. ríða (verb): ride
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