HSt Rst 19I
Rolf Stavnem (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallar-Steinn, Rekstefja 19’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 919.
Stǫng ‘pole’
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stǫng (noun f.; °stangar, dat. -u; stangir/stengr): pole
[1] Stǫng: so 53, Flat, strǫng Bb(112ra), 54, 325VIII 2 b, ‘(Im)song’(?) Bb(99va)
reið ‘rode high’
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1. ríða (verb): ride
[1] reið: so 53, Flat, varð Bb(112ra), 54, Bb(99va), 325VIII 2 b
stôl ‘steel weapons’
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1. stál (noun n.; °-s; -): steel, weapon, prow
en ‘and’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
sungu ‘sang’
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syngja (verb): sing
sterk ‘The power’
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sterkr (adj.): strong < sterkligr (adj.): strong
[2] sterklig: ‘[…]erklig’ 325VIII 2 b
lig ‘ful’
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-ligr (adj.): -ly < sterkligr (adj.): strong
[2] sterklig: ‘[…]erklig’ 325VIII 2 b
jǫfurs ‘of the prince’
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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
merkis ‘of the standard’
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1. merki (noun n.; °-s: -): banner, sign
[2] merkis: so Flat, merki Bb(112ra), 53, 54, Bb(99va), 325VIII 2 b
gramr ‘the ruler’
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
[3] gramr skaut gerðisk rimmu: ‘gram ok g[…] indinn gerdizt’ 325VIII 2 b; gramr: grami Flat
skaut ‘shot’
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skjóta (verb): shoot
[3] gramr skaut gerðisk rimmu: ‘gram ok g[…] indinn gerdizt’ 325VIII 2 b
gerðisk ‘proceeded’
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1. gera (verb): do, make
[3] gramr skaut gerðisk rimmu: ‘gram ok g[…] indinn gerdizt’ 325VIII 2 b; gerðisk: gjǫrði 53
rimmu ‘of the battle’
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rimma (noun f.; °-u): battle
[3] gramr skaut gerðisk rimmu: ‘gram ok g[…] indinn gerdizt’ 325VIII 2 b; rimmu: snemma Flat
gangr ‘the course’
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gangr (noun m.): going, walking; course; success
notes
[4] um ‘around’: The ÓT mss have á ‘on’, which puts the focus on the battle taking place on, rather than around, Ormr inn langi.
notes
[4] Orm inn langa ‘Ormr inn langi (“the Long Serpent”)’: Óláfr’s famous longship; see Note to st. 18/2. Line 4 is identical with Hókr Eirfl 4/4, and st. 22/4, also containing the phrase Orm inn langa, is a further variant on the pattern seen in Hókr Eirfl 3/4, 5/8 and 8/4.
notes
[4] Orm inn langa ‘Ormr inn langi (“the Long Serpent”)’: Óláfr’s famous longship; see Note to st. 18/2. Line 4 is identical with Hókr Eirfl 4/4, and st. 22/4, also containing the phrase Orm inn langa, is a further variant on the pattern seen in Hókr Eirfl 3/4, 5/8 and 8/4.
langa ‘langi (‘the Long Serpent’)’
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langr (adj.; °compar. lengri, superl. lengstr): long
[4] langa: ‘[…]ga’ 325VIII 2 b
notes
[4] Orm inn langa ‘Ormr inn langi (“the Long Serpent”)’: Óláfr’s famous longship; see Note to st. 18/2. Line 4 is identical with Hókr Eirfl 4/4, and st. 22/4, also containing the phrase Orm inn langa, is a further variant on the pattern seen in Hókr Eirfl 3/4, 5/8 and 8/4.
Nýtr ‘The brave’
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nýtr (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. nýztr/nýtastr): useful, able
notes
[5] nýtr ‘brave’: The adj. is related to njóta ‘use, enjoy’ (AEW: nýtr), and hence has the basic sense ‘useful’, with a variety of contextual applications. Applied here to the Norwegians in their spirited defence, ‘brave’ is appropriate (cf. brav, tapper, Konráð Gíslason 1895-7, whereas Skj B suggests dygtige ‘capable, skilled’).
herr ‘army’
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host
Nóregs ‘of Norway’
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Noregr (noun m.): Norway
kennings
orðprúðs gætis Nóregs‘of the famous guardian of Norway ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the famous guardian of Norway → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
notes
[5] gætis Nóregs ‘of the guardian of Norway [NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr]’: In kennings referring to Norwegian kings the determinant is normally gen. pl. of a regional ethnic name such as Hǫrðar ‘people of Hǫrðaland’ or Sygnir ‘people of Sogn’, but reference to territorial units rather than people is attested (Þjóð Har 2/7 gramr Upplanda ‘ruler of Opplandene’), as is reference to the whole of Norway rather than regions (e.g. Þhorn Harkv 5/3 dróttinn Norðmanna ‘lord of Norwegians’, Sturl Hákfl 7/2II valdr norrænar aldar ‘ruler of the Norwegian people’).
kennings
orðprúðs gætis Nóregs‘of the famous guardian of Norway ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the famous guardian of Norway → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
notes
[5] gætis Nóregs ‘of the guardian of Norway [NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr]’: In kennings referring to Norwegian kings the determinant is normally gen. pl. of a regional ethnic name such as Hǫrðar ‘people of Hǫrðaland’ or Sygnir ‘people of Sogn’, but reference to territorial units rather than people is attested (Þjóð Har 2/7 gramr Upplanda ‘ruler of Opplandene’), as is reference to the whole of Norway rather than regions (e.g. Þhorn Harkv 5/3 dróttinn Norðmanna ‘lord of Norwegians’, Sturl Hákfl 7/2II valdr norrænar aldar ‘ruler of the Norwegian people’).
nær ‘far from’
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nær (adv.): near, almost; when
notes
[6] vasa nær trauðr ‘was far from reluctant’: Lit. ‘was not nearly reluctant’.
vasa ‘was’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
notes
[6] vasa nær trauðr ‘was far from reluctant’: Lit. ‘was not nearly reluctant’.
trauðr ‘reluctant’
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trauðr (adj.): reluctant
notes
[6] vasa nær trauðr ‘was far from reluctant’: Lit. ‘was not nearly reluctant’.
at ‘to’
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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
kennings
orðprúðs gætis Nóregs‘of the famous guardian of Norway ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the famous guardian of Norway → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
notes
[7] orðprúðs ‘famous’: Lit. ‘word-splendid’, hence either ‘famous’ (so Konráð Gíslason 1895-7) or possibly ‘eloquent’ (so Skj B).
prúðs ‘ous’
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prúðr (adj.; °superl. -astr): magnificent, proud < orðprúðr (adj.)
[7] ‑prúðs: so 53, Flat, ‑prúðr Bb(112ra), ‑prúð 54, Bb(99va), 325VIII 2 b
kennings
orðprúðs gætis Nóregs‘of the famous guardian of Norway ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the famous guardian of Norway → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
notes
[7] orðprúðs ‘famous’: Lit. ‘word-splendid’, hence either ‘famous’ (so Konráð Gíslason 1895-7) or possibly ‘eloquent’ (so Skj B).
Jóta ‘of the Jótar’
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Jóti (noun m.; °; -ar): one of the Jótar
[7] Jóta: sóta 325VIII 2 b
ferðir ‘the troops’
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ferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-arMork 196¹²)): host, journey
Óláfr ‘Óláfr’
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Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr
[8] Óláfr: so 54, Bb(99va), Óláf Bb(112ra), 325VIII 2 b, Flat, ‘Ol’ 53
und ‘under’
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3. und (prep.): under, underneath
veg ‘the path’
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1. vegr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -i/-; -ar/-ir, gen. -a/-na, acc. -a/-i/-u): way, path, side
[8] veg: vegs 325VIII 2 b
kennings
veg sólar …‘the path of the sun … ’
= SKY
the path of the sun … → SKY
sólar ‘of the sun’
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sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun
kennings
veg sólar …‘the path of the sun … ’
= SKY
the path of the sun … → SKY
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Stǫng reið, stôl en sungu, |
The powerful pole of the standard of the prince rode high and steel weapons sang; the ruler [Óláfr] shot; the course of the battle proceeded around Ormr inn langi (‘the Long Serpent’). The brave army of the famous guardian of Norway [NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr] was far from reluctant to wound the troops of the Jótar. Óláfr under the path of the sun [SKY] …
There is fierce fighting as Óláfr and his men fend off Danish attacks on their ships.
[1-2]: Most mss read strǫng varð stôlin sungu | sterklig jǫfurs merki, with the exceptions shown in the Readings above. Merki ‘standard’, as a n. noun, could be sg. or pl., but varð ‘became’ can only be sg. while the adj. strǫng ‘severe, strong’ can only be pl. Strǫng varð is therefore not viable grammatically, and it is necessary to adopt the minority readings stǫng reið and merkis, hence ‘the pole of the standard rode high’. This interpretation essentially agrees with that of Konráð Gíslason (1895-7), Skj B and Skald. — [8]: For this line of the refrain, see st. 9/8 and Note.
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