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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Eldj Lv 2^II

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Eldjárn, Lausavísur 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 407-8.

Eldjárn Lausavísur

Frák ‘I heard’

(not checked:)
1. fregna (verb): hear of

at ‘that’

(not checked:)
4. at (conj.): that

flótta ‘those who fled’

(not checked:)
flótti (noun m.): flight, fleeing

rôkuð ‘you pursued’

(not checked:)
2. reka (verb): drive, force

[1] rôkuð: rku H, ‘ræki’ Hr, rkum 42ˣ

falsk ‘hid’

(not checked:)
2. fela (verb): hide

[2] falsk: so H, E, J2ˣ, 42ˣ, ‘fasc’ Mork, ‘falk’ Hr, fekksk F

annat ‘the other’

(not checked:)
1. annarr (pron.; °f. ǫnnur, n. annat; pl. aðrir): (an)other, second

lið ‘host’

(not checked:)
lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop

manna ‘of men’

(not checked:)
maðr (noun m.): man, person

þar ‘there’

(not checked:)
þar (adv.): there

[3] þar: þá 42ˣ

vas ‘it was’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

[3] vas harðr (‘var harþr’): varðr F

harðr ‘hard’

(not checked:)
harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh

[3] vas harðr (‘var harþr’): varðr F

es ‘as’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

heyrðak ‘I’ve heard’

(not checked:)
2. heyra (verb): hear

[3] heyrðak (‘ek heyrða’): so H, F, E, J2ˣ, 42ˣ, ek heyrði Mork, ek heyra Hr

hernaðr ‘fighting’

(not checked:)
hernaðr (noun m.): raiding campaign

á ‘at’

(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at

[4] á Foxerni: of saxerni F

notes

[4] á Foxerni ‘at Fuxerna’: Located across from Lilla Edet on the western side of the river Götaälv in Sweden. For Magnús’s Swed. campaign and the battle of Fuxerna, see also Mberf Lv 2, Þham Magndr 4, Gísl Magnkv 17-20 and Anon (Mberf) 5. At the battle of Fuxerna, Magnús and his troops faced the Swed. king Ingi Steinkelsson and his army. Giffarðr, who was among Magnús’s men, hid for the duration of the battle and did not emerge until the fighting was over.

Foxerni ‘Fuxerna’

(not checked:)
Foxerni (noun n.): [Fuxerna]

[4] á Foxerni: of saxerni F

notes

[4] á Foxerni ‘at Fuxerna’: Located across from Lilla Edet on the western side of the river Götaälv in Sweden. For Magnús’s Swed. campaign and the battle of Fuxerna, see also Mberf Lv 2, Þham Magndr 4, Gísl Magnkv 17-20 and Anon (Mberf) 5. At the battle of Fuxerna, Magnús and his troops faced the Swed. king Ingi Steinkelsson and his army. Giffarðr, who was among Magnús’s men, hid for the duration of the battle and did not emerge until the fighting was over.

Varð ‘was’

(not checked:)
1. verða (verb): become, be

hjalm ‘of the helmet’

(not checked:)
1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet < hjalmþrima (noun f.): [helmet-crash]

kennings

herðis hjalmþrimu
‘of the strengthener of the helmet-crash ’
= WARRIOR
the helmet-crash → BATTLE
the strengthener of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

hjalm ‘of the helmet’

(not checked:)
1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet < hjalmþrima (noun f.): [helmet-crash]

kennings

herðis hjalmþrimu
‘of the strengthener of the helmet-crash ’
= WARRIOR
the helmet-crash → BATTLE
the strengthener of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

þrimu ‘crash’

(not checked:)
þrima (noun f.): battle, din < hjalmþrima (noun f.): [helmet-crash]

kennings

herðis hjalmþrimu
‘of the strengthener of the helmet-crash ’
= WARRIOR
the helmet-crash → BATTLE
the strengthener of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

þrimu ‘crash’

(not checked:)
þrima (noun f.): battle, din < hjalmþrima (noun f.): [helmet-crash]

kennings

herðis hjalmþrimu
‘of the strengthener of the helmet-crash ’
= WARRIOR
the helmet-crash → BATTLE
the strengthener of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

herðis ‘of the strengthener’

(not checked:)
herðir (noun m.): sword

kennings

herðis hjalmþrimu
‘of the strengthener of the helmet-crash ’
= WARRIOR
the helmet-crash → BATTLE
the strengthener of the BATTLE → WARRIOR

hár ‘immense’

(not checked:)
3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high

þars ‘where’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

[6] þars (‘þar er’): er H

staddir ‘stood’

(not checked:)
2. steðja (verb): stop, place

vôruð ‘you’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

[6] vôruð: so F, E, J2ˣ, vru Mork, H, Hr, 42ˣ

gangr ‘The success’

(not checked:)
gangr (noun m.): going, walking; course; success

þars ‘when’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

[7] þars (‘þar er’): enn F, þá er 42ˣ

gauzka ‘Gautish’

(not checked:)
gauzkr (adj.): Gautish

drengi ‘warriors’

(not checked:)
drengr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir, gen. -ja): man, warrior

Giffarðr ‘Giffarðr’

(not checked:)
Giffarðr (noun m.): Giffarðr

[8] Giffarðr: ‘giparðr’ F, 42ˣ, ‘giparðe’ E, ‘Giparðr’ J2ˣ

í ‘to’

(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into

hel ‘death’

(not checked:)
1. hel (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju): death, Hel, hell

barði ‘beat’

(not checked:)
2. berja (verb; °barði; barðr/bariðr/barinn): fight

[8] barði: barðit F, barðir E, J2ˣ

notes

[8] barði (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘beat’: Skj B and Skald adopt the E, J2ˣ variant barðir (2nd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘you beat’ and construe Giffarðr as a form of address. That interpretation is not warranted by the majority of ms. witnesses. For Giffarðr, see Note to Mberf Lv 2/2 and Anon (Mberf) 5/2.

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verse
prose

Giffarðr’s behaviour at the battle of Fuxerna had been less than heroic, and Eldjárn’s st. thus constitutes haþ en eigi lof ‘mockery and not praise’ (Mork 1928-32, 326).

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