Þul Kvenna II 3^III

Sól, fjǫtra, spǫng,         Sjǫfn, nauma, Rindr,
Eir, þella, list,         Ilmr, tróða, dís,
Njǫrn, Vǫr ok Fríðr,         Nipt, Rán ok Bil,
líkn, Hlín ok Syn,         Lofn ok Gná.

Sól, fjǫtra, spǫng, Sjǫfn, nauma, Rindr, Eir, þella, list, Ilmr, tróða, dís, Njǫrn, Vǫr ok Fríðr, Nipt, Rán ok Bil, líkn, Hlín ok Syn, Lofn ok Gná.

Sól, pole, shard, Sjǫfn, troll-woman, Rindr, Eir, pine-tree, craft, Ilmr, stick, dís, Njǫrn, Vǫr and Fríðr, Nipt, Rán and Bil, mercy, Hlín and Syn, Lofn and Gná.

Mss: A(21r) (SnE)

Editions: Skj AI, 688, Skj BI, 678, Skald I, 342; SnE 1848-87, II, 490.

Notes: [All]: Most of the personal names listed in this stanza are also found in Þul Ásynja and are used in poetry as base-words in kennings for ‘woman’. — [1] Sól: See Note to Þul Ásynja 2/3. — [1] fjǫtra (f.) ‘pole’: This is perhaps the term for a wooden support (cf. New Norw. fjetra ‘wooden pin or yoke which links sledge-runner with rail’). If so, the word belongs to a type frequently used in kennings for ‘woman’ (but cf. the valkyrie-name Herfjǫtur or Herfjǫtra, Þul Valkyrja 1/6 and Note, as well as ÍO: fjǫtra). In C14th skaldic poetry the word occurs as a half-kenning (see VíglÞ Lv 7/1^V (Vígl 10) and Notes to st. 1/4 and ll. 3, 4 below). — [2] Sjǫfn: See Note to Þul Ásynja 2/2. — [2] nauma (f.) ‘troll-woman’: The meaning of this word in kennings for ‘woman’ is not certain. On the one hand, it is found in poetry as a term for ‘troll-woman’, but it is not listed in Þul Trollkvenna. On the other hand, Nauma is also the name of an unidentified island (Þul Eyja 4/1). According to Finnur Jónsson (LP: nauma 1, 2), the island name was not used in kennings for ‘woman’ (but cf. Lodda ‘Ludden’, st. 2/6 above). See also Note to Ótt Lv 3/8^I. — [2] Rindr: See Note to Þul Ásynja 2/2 (which like the present line also lists Sjǫfn). — [3] Eir: See Note to Þul Ásynja 4/5. — [3] þella (f.) ‘pine-tree’: The term is widely used as a base-word in kennings for ‘woman’. In late skaldic poetry, þella also occurs as a half-kenning referring to a woman (cf. VíglÞ Lv 8/5^V (Vígl 11) and Note to l. 1 above). — [3] list (f.) ‘craft’: Most likely this is the same word as list f. ‘art, craft; refinement’. The term does not occur elsewhere as a heiti for ‘woman’ or as a base-word in woman-kennings. — [4] Ilmr: See Note to Þul Ásynja 1/8. — [4] tróða (f.) ‘stick’: The word is derived from tróð n. ‘roof-plank, board’, and it is used as a base-word in kennings for ‘woman’ and as a half-kenning in VíglÞ Lv 5/5^V (Vígl 7) and VíglÞ Lv 14/3^V (Vígl 22) (see also Note to l. 1 above). — [4] dís (f.): See Note to Þul Ásynja 5/3-4. — [5] Njǫrn: This is probably a mythical name, cf. Njǫrun in Þul Ásynja 1/8 (see Note there and ÍO: Njörn, Njǫrn). The name is not found elsewhere. — [5] Vǫr: See Note to Þul Ásynja 2/4. — [5] Fríðr: Lit. ‘beautiful one’. This is one of Menglǫð’s maid-servants in Fj 38/5, and used as a base-word in kennings for ‘woman’. — [6] Nipt: See Note to Þul Ásynja 5/3-4. This name is not found in kennings for ‘woman’ in Old Norse poetry (but see Note to Rv Lv 17/2^II), but in the rímur it is frequently found as a base-word in kennings for ‘woman’ (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: nipt). — [6] Rán: See Note to Þul Ásynja 2/7. — [6] Bil: See Note to Þul Ásynja 1/8. — [7] líkn (f.) ‘mercy’: The word is presumably the same as líkn ‘relief, mercy, comfort’. In poetry, líkn is not found as a base-word in kennings for ‘woman’ or as a woman-heiti. — [7] Hlín: See Note to Þul Ásynja 2/1. — [7] Syn: See Note to Þul Ásynja 2/5. — [8]: This is a defective line in which the scribe appears to have omitted a monosyllabic word in metrical position 2 (see Nj 1875-89, II, 898; Skj B). — [8] Lofn ok Gná ‘Lofn and Gná’: See Notes to Þul Ásynja 1/6 (Gná and Lofn are given in the same line there as well).

References

1. Bibliography
2. Skj B = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1912-15b. Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning. B: Rettet tekst. 2 vols. Copenhagen: Villadsen & Christensen. Rpt. 1973. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger.
3. SnE 1848-87 = Snorri Sturluson. 1848-87. Edda Snorra Sturlusonar: Edda Snorronis Sturlaei. Ed. Jón Sigurðsson et al. 3 vols. Copenhagen: Legatum Arnamagnaeanum. Rpt. Osnabrück: Zeller, 1966.
4. Nj 1875-89 = Konráð Gíslason and Eiríkur Jónsson. 1875-89. Njála: Udgivet efter gamle håndskrifter. Íslendingasögur udgivne efter gamle haandskrifter af Det Kongelige Nordiske Oldskrift-selskab 4. Copenhagen: Thiele.
5. Skald = Kock, Ernst Albin, ed. 1946-50. Den norsk-isländska skaldediktningen. 2 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
6. LP = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1931. Lexicon poeticum antiquæ linguæ septentrionalis: Ordbog over det norsk-islandske skjaldesprog oprindelig forfattet af Sveinbjörn Egilsson. 2nd edn. Copenhagen: Møller.
7. Finnur Jónsson. 1926-8. Ordbog til de af samfund til udg. af gml. nord. litteratur udgivne Rímur samt til de af Dr. O. Jiriczek udgivne Bósarímur. SUGNL 51. Copenhagen: Jørgensen.
8. ÍO = Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon. 1989. Íslensk orðsifjabók. Reykjavík: Orðabók Háskólans.
9. Internal references
10. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Heiti valkyrja 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 969.
11. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Eyja heiti 4’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 977.
12. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Ásynja heiti 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 763.
13. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Ásynja heiti 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 765.
14. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Ásynja heiti 4’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 770.
15. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Ásynja heiti 5’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 771.
16. Not published: do not cite ()
17. Elena Gurevich 2017, ‘ Anonymous, Trollkvenna heiti’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 723. <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=3185> (accessed 3 May 2024)
18. Elena Gurevich 2017, ‘ Anonymous, Ásynja heiti’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 762. <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=3190> (accessed 3 May 2024)
19. Judith Jesch (ed.) 2009, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl Kali Kolsson, Lausavísur 17’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 595-6.
20. R. D. Fulk (ed.) 2012, ‘Óttarr svarti, Lausavísur 3’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 788.
21. Klaus Johan Myrvoll (ed.) 2022, ‘Víglundar saga 10 (Víglundr Þorgrímsson, Lausavísur 7)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross, Kari Ellen Gade and Tarrin Wills (eds), Poetry in Sagas of Icelanders. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 5. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1426.
22. Klaus Johan Myrvoll (ed.) 2022, ‘Víglundar saga 11 (Víglundr Þorgrímsson, Lausavísur 8)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross, Kari Ellen Gade and Tarrin Wills (eds), Poetry in Sagas of Icelanders. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 5. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1428.
23. Klaus Johan Myrvoll (ed.) 2022, ‘Víglundar saga 22 (Víglundr Þorgrímsson, Lausavísur 14)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross, Kari Ellen Gade and Tarrin Wills (eds), Poetry in Sagas of Icelanders. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 5. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1444.
24. Klaus Johan Myrvoll (ed.) 2022, ‘Víglundar saga 7 (Víglundr Þorgrímsson, Lausavísur 5)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross, Kari Ellen Gade and Tarrin Wills (eds), Poetry in Sagas of Icelanders. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 5. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1420.