Gestumbl Heiðr 29^VIII (Heiðr 76)

Fjórir ‘Four’

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fjórir (num. cardinal): four

notes

[All]: Heiðrekr’s response is (Heiðr 1960, 43): þat er kýr ‘That is a cow’. The H redaction expands (Heiðr 1924, 77): hón hefir fjóra fœtr ok fjóra spena, tvau horn ok tvau augu, enn halinn drallar eptir ‘she has four legs and four teats, two horns and two eyes, but the tail trails after’.

hanga ‘hang’

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1. hanga (verb): hang

[1] hanga: ganga 281ˣ, 597bˣ

fjórir ‘four’

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fjórir (num. cardinal): four

[2] fjórir: fjórir added in the margin in another hand 597bˣ

ganga ‘go’

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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go

[2] ganga: hanga 281ˣ, hanga added in the margin in another hand 597bˣ

notes

[All]: Versions of this riddle are found across European tradition; Tomasek (1999, 261-2) claims that the Old Norse is the earliest recorded instance in the vernacular. A cosmological variation, in which heaven and earth, day and night, and sun and moon are the referents, can be found in classical tradition. For parallels and further references see Taylor (1951, 610-21).

tveir ‘two’

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tveir (num. cardinal): two

veg ‘the way’

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1. vegr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -i/-; -ar/-ir, gen. -a/-na, acc. -a/-i/-u): way, path, side

notes

[All]: In this stanza ll. 1-3 are fornyrðislag and ll. 4-6 málaháttr. Kock, however, presents the stanza as ljóðaháttr by emending the word order in l. 3 to tveir vísa veg (Skald, NN §3397) and in l. 5 substituting hinstr ‘hindmost’ for eptir (cf. NN §2362).

vísa ‘point’

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2. vísa (verb): show

tveir ‘two’

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tveir (num. cardinal): two

hundum ‘dogs’

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hundr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): hound, dog

varða ‘ward off’

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2. varða (verb): defend

[4] varða: verjast 281ˣ, 597bˣ

einn ‘one’

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1. einn (num. cardinal; °f. ein, n. eitt; pl. einir; superl. debil. -asti(Anna238(2001) 155³²)): one; alone

[5] einn: ‘eirn’ 281ˣ, ‘eirn eirn’ 597bˣ

eptir ‘after’

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eptir (prep.): after, behind

notes

[5] drallar eptir ‘trails after’: Dralla is a hap. leg. in poetry and the only occurrence in prose appears to be in the solution to this riddle in the H redaction. Cf. NO: 1 dralla. Kock emends eptir to hinstr ‘hindmost’, to alliterate with hundum ‘dogs’ in l. 4 (NN §2362).

drallar ‘trails’

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dralla (verb; °-að-): °trail behind

notes

[5] drallar eptir ‘trails after’: Dralla is a hap. leg. in poetry and the only occurrence in prose appears to be in the solution to this riddle in the H redaction. Cf. NO: 1 dralla. Kock emends eptir to hinstr ‘hindmost’, to alliterate with hundum ‘dogs’ in l. 4 (NN §2362).

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

jafnan ‘always’

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jafnan (adv.): always

[6] jafnan: optast 281ˣ, 597bˣ

heldr ‘rather’

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halda (verb): hold, keep

[6] heldr: om. 281ˣ, 597bˣ

saurugr ‘dirty’

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saurigr (adj.; °saurgan; compar. saurgari/saurugri, superl. -astr): [filthy]

[6] saurugr: óhreinn 281ˣ, 597bˣ

Heiðrekr ‘Heiðrekr’

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Heiðrekr (noun m.): Heiðrekr

[7-8] abbrev. as ‘h k̄’ 2845, abbrev. as ‘heidr: k^r’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h^c: Kong^r hygg ad gätu min̄e’ 597bˣ

konungr ‘King’

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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king

[7-8] abbrev. as ‘h k̄’ 2845, abbrev. as ‘heidr: k^r’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h^c: Kong^r hygg ad gätu min̄e’ 597bˣ

hyggðu ‘think’

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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider

[7-8] abbrev. as ‘h k̄’ 2845, abbrev. as ‘heidr: k^r’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h^c: Kong^r hygg ad gätu min̄e’ 597bˣ

at ‘about’

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3. at (prep.): at, to

[7-8] abbrev. as ‘h k̄’ 2845, abbrev. as ‘heidr: k^r’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h^c: Kong^r hygg ad gätu min̄e’ 597bˣ

gátu ‘the riddle’

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gáta (noun f.)

[7-8] abbrev. as ‘h k̄’ 2845, abbrev. as ‘heidr: k^r’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h^c: Kong^r hygg ad gätu min̄e’ 597bˣ