Gestumbl Heiðr 28^VIII (Heiðr 75)

Nær ‘nearly’

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nær (adv.): near, almost; when

[1] Nær: so R715ˣ, mjök all others

notes

[1] nær ‘nearly’: Ms. R715ˣ’s reading is preferred here for alliteration. Some younger mss and early eds give nóg ‘enough’ (see Edd. Min., 116 n. 27.1). Skj B emends to næsta and translates fuldt ‘fully’. Kock (Skald) emends to nýt ‘newly’ on (dubious) palaeographical grounds, suggesting that the four minims of his proposed original nut could have been transformed to míoc via míc (NN §2360). Edd. Min. suggests that the problem could be with forðum rather than the first word, but does not offer a convincing alternative.

var ‘was’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

forðum ‘Long ago’

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forðum (adv.): formerly, once

[1] forðum: fyrri forðum 597bˣ

nös ‘a nostrils’

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nǫs (noun f.; °; nasar/nasir): nose, nostrils < nǫsgás (noun f.)

[2] nösgás: ‘nanz gras’ R715ˣ

kennings

notes

[2] nösgás ‘nostrils-goose [DUCK]’: A hap. leg. The prose solution indicates that a duck is being referred to, and Meissner 112 considers the cpd a kenning. There is one other duck-kenning in the corpus, bekkþiðurr ‘brook-capercaillie’ in Egill Lv 2/5^V (Eg 5), where the meaning is also indicated by the prose context.

gás ‘goose’

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1. gás (noun f.): goose < nǫsgás (noun f.)

[2] nösgás: ‘nanz gras’ R715ˣ

kennings

notes

[2] nösgás ‘nostrils-goose [DUCK]’: A hap. leg. The prose solution indicates that a duck is being referred to, and Meissner 112 considers the cpd a kenning. There is one other duck-kenning in the corpus, bekkþiðurr ‘brook-capercaillie’ in Egill Lv 2/5^V (Eg 5), where the meaning is also indicated by the prose context.

vaxin ‘grown’

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vaxa (verb): grow, increase

barngjörn ‘child-eager’

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barngjarn (adj.)

[3] barngjörn: ‘Bar ḡgiar’ R715ˣ

notes

[3] barngjörn ‘child-eager’: A hap. leg.

sú ‘’

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1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

[3] sú er bar: ‘sueipar’ R715ˣ

er ‘who’

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2. er (conj.): who, which, when

[3] sú er bar: ‘sueipar’ R715ˣ

bar ‘brought’

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3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry

[3] sú er bar: ‘sueipar’ R715ˣ

bútimbr ‘house-timber’

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bútimbr (noun n.): °building timber

notes

[4] bútimbr ‘house-timber’: The only recorded instances of this cpd are here and in the prose solution in the H redaction.

saman ‘together’

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saman (adv.): together

Hlífðu ‘protected’

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hlífa (verb): protect

henni ‘her’

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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

hálms ‘of straw’

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halmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-): straw

[6] hálms: hálm 281ˣ, 597bˣ

kennings

notes

[6] bitskálmir hálms ‘biting-swords of straw [OX TEETH]’: Meissner 133. A situation-specific kenning, referring to the teeth of a grazing animal. Cf. the teeth-kenning hvítgeirar hvapta ‘the white spears of mouths [TEETH]’, StjOdd Geirdr 9/7^V (StjǫrnODr 14), where the base-word is also a weapon. Bitskǫlm only appears here and in the prose in the H redaction.

bit ‘Biting’

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bit (noun n.; °-s; -): [biting] < bitskalm (noun f.)

[6] bit‑: bits 281ˣ, 597bˣ

kennings

notes

[6] bitskálmir hálms ‘biting-swords of straw [OX TEETH]’: Meissner 133. A situation-specific kenning, referring to the teeth of a grazing animal. Cf. the teeth-kenning hvítgeirar hvapta ‘the white spears of mouths [TEETH]’, StjOdd Geirdr 9/7^V (StjǫrnODr 14), where the base-word is also a weapon. Bitskǫlm only appears here and in the prose in the H redaction.

skálmir ‘swords’

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skalm (noun f.): sword < bitskalm (noun f.)

kennings

notes

[6] bitskálmir hálms ‘biting-swords of straw [OX TEETH]’: Meissner 133. A situation-specific kenning, referring to the teeth of a grazing animal. Cf. the teeth-kenning hvítgeirar hvapta ‘the white spears of mouths [TEETH]’, StjOdd Geirdr 9/7^V (StjǫrnODr 14), where the base-word is also a weapon. Bitskǫlm only appears here and in the prose in the H redaction.

þó ‘yet’

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þó (adv.): though

lá ‘lay’

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liggja (verb): lie

drykkjar ‘of drink’

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drykkr (noun m.; °-jar/-ar(DN II (*1276›apogr—) 14³Š)/-s, dat. -/-i; -ir): drink

[7] drykkjar: ‘drickiar’ R715ˣ

kennings

notes

[7-8] drynhraun drykkjar ‘the bellowing lava-field of drink [OX SKULL]’: Cf. GSúrs Lv 27/5^V (Gísl 30), where the head is referred to as hraun kveifar ‘the lava-field of the cap’.

drynhraun ‘the bellowing lava-field’

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drynhraun (noun n.): bellowing lava-field

[8] drynhraun: ‘drunraun’ corrected from drynhraun in the margin in another hand 597bˣ, ‘drin huarn’ apparently corrected from ‘dÿraun’ in the margin in the hand of JR R715ˣ

kennings

notes

[7-8] drynhraun drykkjar ‘the bellowing lava-field of drink [OX SKULL]’: Cf. GSúrs Lv 27/5^V (Gísl 30), where the head is referred to as hraun kveifar ‘the lava-field of the cap’.

yfir ‘over’

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yfir (prep.): over

[8] yfir: dýra yfer corrected from yfer in the margin in the hand of JR R715ˣ

Heiðrekr ‘Heiðrekr’

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Heiðrekr (noun m.): Heiðrekr

[9-10] abbrev. as ‘heidr: k^r’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h K·’ 597bˣ

konungr ‘King’

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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king

[9-10] abbrev. as ‘heidr: k^r’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h K·’ 597bˣ

hyggðu ‘think’

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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider

[9-10] abbrev. as ‘heidr: k^r’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h K·’ 597bˣ

at ‘about’

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3. at (prep.): at, to

[9-10] abbrev. as ‘heidr: k^r’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h K·’ 597bˣ

gátu ‘the riddle’

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gáta (noun f.)

[9-10] abbrev. as ‘heidr: k^r’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h K·’ 597bˣ