Gestumbl Heiðr 30VIII (Heiðr 77)
Hannah Burrows (ed.) 2017, ‘Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks 77 (Gestumblindi, Heiðreks gátur 30)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 444.
Hverr ‘Who’
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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
er ‘is’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
inn ‘the’
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2. inn (art.): the
eini ‘lone one’
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2. einn (pron.; °decl. cf. einn num.): one, alone
er ‘who’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
sefr ‘sleeps’
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sofa (verb): sleep
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
notes
[2] ösgrúa ‘the ash-grate’: A hap. leg. The H-redaction reading ösku grúa ‘ash grate’ probably represents a later attempt to make sense of an unfamiliar word, but is unmetrical. The other mss are in agreement on the reading chosen here.
af ‘from’
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af (prep.): from
notes
[3] af grjóti einu ‘from stone alone’: The U redaction appears to be unhappy with the accuracy of this claim, reading af grjóti ok jarni ‘of stone and iron’. Flint needs to be struck with iron or steel to produce sparks to kindle fire, though there is no reason why the riddle should necessarily refer to both; cf. Heiðr 63, Note to [All], about obsidian, a flint-stone.
grjóti ‘stone’
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grjót (noun n.): rock, stone
notes
[3] af grjóti einu ‘from stone alone’: The U redaction appears to be unhappy with the accuracy of this claim, reading af grjóti ok jarni ‘of stone and iron’. Flint needs to be struck with iron or steel to produce sparks to kindle fire, though there is no reason why the riddle should necessarily refer to both; cf. Heiðr 63, Note to [All], about obsidian, a flint-stone.
einu ‘alone’
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2. einn (pron.; °decl. cf. einn num.): one, alone
[3] einu: eru 281ˣ, einu er corrected from einu in the margin in another hand 597bˣ, ok jarni R715ˣ
notes
[3] af grjóti einu ‘from stone alone’: The U redaction appears to be unhappy with the accuracy of this claim, reading af grjóti ok jarni ‘of stone and iron’. Flint needs to be struck with iron or steel to produce sparks to kindle fire, though there is no reason why the riddle should necessarily refer to both; cf. Heiðr 63, Note to [All], about obsidian, a flint-stone.
Föður ‘father’
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faðir (noun m.): father
móður ‘mother’
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móðir (noun f.): mother
áat ‘has neither’
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2. eiga (verb; °á/eigr (præs. pl. 3. pers. eigu/eiga); átti, áttu; átt): own, have
[5] áat: á 2845, R715ˣ, ‘ugad’ 281ˣ, eigat 597bˣ
notes
[5] áat ‘has not’: Mss 2845 and R715ˣ have the positive á ‘has’, but the poetic negative suffix is needed for sense and to complement the negating conjunction né ‘nor’ in l. 4 (cf. Heiðr 1873, 258; Edd. Min.; Skj B). Mss 281ˣ and 597bˣ have the 3rd pers. pl. with negative suffix eigat, though the subject is sg.
inn ‘one’
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2. inn (art.): the
fagr ‘bright’
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fagr (adj.; °fagran; compar. fegri, superl. fegrstr): fair, beautiful < fagrgjarn (adj.): bright-eager
[5] fagr‑: fjár‑ 281ˣ, 597bˣ, fár‑ R715ˣ
notes
[5] fagrgjarni ‘bright-eager one’: Unrecorded as an Old Norse word, but appropriate to fire waiting to be kindled. Ms. R715ˣ’s variant, fárgjarni ‘damage-eager’, is also an acceptable reading and is adopted by several eds. The H-redaction mss have fjárgjarni ‘money-eager’, which gives poor sense in the context.
gjarni ‘eager’
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gjarn (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): eager < fagrgjarn (adj.): bright-eager
notes
[5] fagrgjarni ‘bright-eager one’: Unrecorded as an Old Norse word, but appropriate to fire waiting to be kindled. Ms. R715ˣ’s variant, fárgjarni ‘damage-eager’, is also an acceptable reading and is adopted by several eds. The H-redaction mss have fjárgjarni ‘money-eager’, which gives poor sense in the context.
mun ‘must’
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munu (verb): will, must
hann ‘he’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
sinn ‘his’
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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
aldr ‘life’
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aldr (noun m.; °aldrs, dat. aldri; aldrar): life, age
ala ‘spend’
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ala (verb; °elr; ól, ólu; alinn): to beget, produce, procreate
Heiðrekr ‘Heiðrekr’
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Heiðrekr (noun m.): Heiðrekr
[7-8] abbrev. as ‘h k̄ h’ 2845, abbrev. as ‘heid: k.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h: K.’ 597bˣ
konungr ‘King’
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
[7-8] abbrev. as ‘h k̄ h’ 2845, abbrev. as ‘heid: k.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h: K.’ 597bˣ
hyggðu ‘think’
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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider
[7-8] abbrev. as ‘h k̄ h’ 2845, abbrev. as ‘heid: k.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h: K.’ 597bˣ
at ‘about’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
[7-8] abbrev. as ‘h k̄ h’ 2845, abbrev. as ‘heid: k.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h: K.’ 597bˣ
gátu ‘the riddle’
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gáta (noun f.)
[7-8] abbrev. as ‘h k̄ h’ 2845, abbrev. as ‘heid: k.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h: K.’ 597bˣ
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Heiðrekr’s response is (Heiðr 1960, 38): Þat er eldr fólginn á arni, ok tekr ór tinnu ‘That is fire hidden in the hearth, and it starts from flint’. — Cf. Heiðr 81, about embers in the hearth. — [1]: See Note to Heiðr 51/1. — [6]: An almost identical line is found in Heiðr 69/6, where it describes waves.
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