Anon (FoGT) 47III
Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Lausavísur, Stanzas from the Fourth Grammatical Treatise 47’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 625.
Hverr ‘Who’
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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
fell ‘fell’
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falla (verb): fall
Hörða ‘of the Hǫrðar’
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Hǫrðar (noun m.): the Hǫrðar
kennings
Stillir Hörða.‘The ruler of the Hǫrðar. ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr Haraldsson
The ruler of the Hǫrðar. → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr Haraldsson
stillir ‘The ruler’
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stillir (noun m.): ruler
kennings
Stillir Hörða.‘The ruler of the Hǫrðar. ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr Haraldsson
The ruler of the Hǫrðar. → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr Haraldsson
Hvar ‘Where’
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hvar (adv.): where
Þar ‘’
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þar (adv.): there
er ‘Where’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
karlfólk ‘men’
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karlfolk (noun n.): [men]
barðiz ‘were fighting’
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2. berja (verb; °barði; barðr/bariðr/barinn): fight
Hvienær ‘When’
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hvénær (adv.): [When]
Hneig ‘He fell’
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hníga (verb): sink, fall
að ‘at’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
nóni ‘the ninth hour’
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nón (noun n.; °-s): ninth hour
var ‘was’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
sök ‘the cause’
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sǫk (noun f.; °sakar; sakar/sakir): cause, offence
Öfund ‘ill-will’
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ǫfund (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): envy
notes
[4] vöknuð öfund ‘awakened ill-will’: Probably a reference to the various personal scores that the magnates who opposed Óláfr at Stiklestad wished to settle; possibly directed especially at the motivation of Kálfr Árnason (see following Note), whose stepsons had been killed by Óláfr (ÍF 27, 300-3)
vöknuð ‘Awakened’
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vakna (verb): wake, awake
notes
[4] vöknuð öfund ‘awakened ill-will’: Probably a reference to the various personal scores that the magnates who opposed Óláfr at Stiklestad wished to settle; possibly directed especially at the motivation of Kálfr Árnason (see following Note), whose stepsons had been killed by Óláfr (ÍF 27, 300-3)
Hverr ‘Who’
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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
vá ‘struck’
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1. vega (verb): strike, slay
Kálfr ‘Kálfr’
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2. Kalfr (noun m.): Kálfr
notes
[5] Kálfr: It is generally assumed that this is a reference to Kálfr Árnason, a Norwegian magnate who dealt Óláfr one of his fatal wounds at Stiklestad, although there is some doubt about whether this assailant was Kálfr Árnason or Kálfr Arnfinnsson (ÍF 27, 385 and n. 2).
hielt ‘held’
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halda (verb): hold, keep
darri ‘the spear’
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dǫrr (noun m.): spear
Hverir ‘Who’
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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
notes
[6] bændu ‘requested’: From bæna (earlier bœna) ‘request, entreat’. Ms. W reads bendu ‘indicated [by means of a sign]’, from benda (cf. LP: 2. benda).
slíks ‘such a thing’
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2. slíkr (adj.): such
Þrændir ‘The Þrœndir’
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Þrœndr (noun m.; °; þrǿndir/þrǿndr): people from Tröndelag
Hvað ‘What’
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hvat (pron.): what
nýtr ‘benefit’
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njóta (verb): enjoy, use
Heilsa ‘Health’
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1. heilsa (noun f.; °-u): health
bötnuð ‘restored’
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batna (verb; °-að-): improve
Hvað ‘What’
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hvat (pron.): what
sýtir ‘laments’
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sýta (verb): lament
Fira ‘Men’s’
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firar (noun m.): men
lýti ‘sin’
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2. lýti (noun n.; °-s; -): fault, sin
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Who fell? The ruler of the Hǫrðar [NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr Haraldsson]. Where? Where men were fighting. When? He fell at the ninth hour. What was the cause? Awakened ill-will. Who struck? Kálfr held the spear. Who requested such a thing? The Þrœndir. What benefit is there? Health restored. What laments? Men’s sin.
The two stanzas, 46 and 47, are closely parallel, thus emphasising the sanctity of S. Óláfr Haraldsson, the subject of st. 47. His death at the battle of Stiklestad is implicitly compared to Christ’s crucifixion, and his opponents to the Jews. The effect of Óláfr’s death is to restore mankind to health and to curb the spread of sin. — [8]: Finnur Jónsson is surely right in his gloss to this line in Skj B, that it refers to the expectation that Óláfr’s death and sainthood will make it more difficult for sin to flourish.
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