FriðÞ Lv 7VIII (Frið 7)
Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.) 2017, ‘Friðþjófs saga ins frœkna 7 (Friðþjófr Þorsteinsson, Lausavísur 7)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 202.
Eigi ‘can’
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3. eigi (adv.): not
um ‘not’
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4. of (particle): (before verb)
[1] um sér: so 568ˣ, 27ˣ, of sjór 510, sér papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
sér ‘seen’
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2. sjá (verb): see
[1] um sér: so 568ˣ, 27ˣ, of sjór 510, sér papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
til ‘be’
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til (prep.): to
Alda ‘Alden’
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Aldi (noun m.): [Alden]
erum ‘we have’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
haf ‘the ocean’
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haf (noun n.; °-s; *-): sea
komnir ‘come’
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
þykki ‘seems’
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2. þykkja (verb): seem, think
mér ‘to me’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
ægir ‘sea’
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2. ægir (noun m.): ocean, sea
[3] ægir: so 27ˣ, papp17ˣ, ægi 510, 109a IIˣ, ‘ægier’ 568ˣ, ‘æe’ 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
sem ‘as if it were’
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sem (conj.): as, which
notes
[4] sem hræri ei*myrju ‘as if it were alive with glowing coals’: Lit. ‘as if it were moving with live coal’. The allusion is presumably to phosphorescence playing on the surface of the sea. Eimyrja ‘live coals, embers’ occurs among fire names in Þul Elds 2/5III, and in Hallm Hallkv 2/5V (Bergb 2).
ei*myrju ‘with glowing coals’
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eimyrja (noun f.; °-u): ember
[4] ei*myrju: ‘einmyriu’ 510, ‘einmyria’ 568ˣ, ‘i einmyriu’ 27ˣ, ‘a einmyriu’ papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
notes
[4] sem hræri ei*myrju ‘as if it were alive with glowing coals’: Lit. ‘as if it were moving with live coal’. The allusion is presumably to phosphorescence playing on the surface of the sea. Eimyrja ‘live coals, embers’ occurs among fire names in Þul Elds 2/5III, and in Hallm Hallkv 2/5V (Bergb 2).
hræri ‘alive’
[4] hræri: ‘sæge’ papp17ˣ, ‘sæe’ 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, ‘se’ 173ˣ
notes
[4] sem hræri ei*myrju ‘as if it were alive with glowing coals’: Lit. ‘as if it were moving with live coal’. The allusion is presumably to phosphorescence playing on the surface of the sea. Eimyrja ‘live coals, embers’ occurs among fire names in Þul Elds 2/5III, and in Hallm Hallkv 2/5V (Bergb 2).
Hrynja ‘topple down’
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hrynja (verb): fall, flow
hávar ‘Towering’
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3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high
[5] hávar: haf papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
bárur ‘waves’
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1. bára (noun f.; °-u; -ur): wave
svan ‘swan’
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svanr (noun m.; °-s; -ir): swan < svanflaug (noun f.)
kennings
svanflaugar‘swan-flights ’
= WAVES
swan-flights → WAVES
notes
[6] svanflaugar ‘swan-flights [WAVES]’: This cpd is a hap. leg. of uncertain meaning and status. It is not certain that it is a kenning, but cf. Frið 8/4 í brekku svana ‘in the hillside of swans [WAVE]’, whose status as a kenning is clear. With Larsson (Frið 1901, 19 n.) the cpd is understood here to mean ‘waves’, comparing the white crests of the towering waves to the wings of flying swans. The use of the abstract noun flaug ‘flight’ is unusual, however; Larsson (Frið 1901, loc. cit.) suggests the cpd may have an adjectival sense. Kock (NN §1473) proposes that flaug might have the sense ‘place from where something flies’, pointing to periphrases for the sea like OE swanrād ‘swan-path’, but there is no evidence to support this hypothesis. Edith Marold (pers. comm.) has suggested a minor emendation to svan*laugar ‘swan-baths [SEA]’, which would still produce an unusual kenning, but one that is less unusual than svanflaugar. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) emends to svanteigar ‘swan-fields [SEA]’.
flaugar ‘flights’
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flaug (noun f.): flight < svanflaug (noun f.)
[6] ‑flaugar: so 27ˣ, papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ, ‘flauger’ 510, ‘flaugan’ 568ˣ
kennings
svanflaugar‘swan-flights ’
= WAVES
swan-flights → WAVES
notes
[6] svanflaugar ‘swan-flights [WAVES]’: This cpd is a hap. leg. of uncertain meaning and status. It is not certain that it is a kenning, but cf. Frið 8/4 í brekku svana ‘in the hillside of swans [WAVE]’, whose status as a kenning is clear. With Larsson (Frið 1901, 19 n.) the cpd is understood here to mean ‘waves’, comparing the white crests of the towering waves to the wings of flying swans. The use of the abstract noun flaug ‘flight’ is unusual, however; Larsson (Frið 1901, loc. cit.) suggests the cpd may have an adjectival sense. Kock (NN §1473) proposes that flaug might have the sense ‘place from where something flies’, pointing to periphrases for the sea like OE swanrād ‘swan-path’, but there is no evidence to support this hypothesis. Edith Marold (pers. comm.) has suggested a minor emendation to svan*laugar ‘swan-baths [SEA]’, which would still produce an unusual kenning, but one that is less unusual than svanflaugar. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) emends to svanteigar ‘swan-fields [SEA]’.
nú ‘now’
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nú (adv.): now
er ‘is’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
Elliði ‘Elliði’
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elliði (noun m.; °-a): [ship]
orpinn ‘tossed’
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1. verpa (verb): to throw, cast (up)
ákafligri ‘in a furious’
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ákafligr (adj.): °violent, vehement
[8] ákafligri: so 27ˣ, í ákafa 510, á ákafa 568ˣ, í örðugri papp17ˣ, 109a IIˣ, 1006ˣ, 173ˣ
notes
[8] ákafligri ‘furious’: The reading of 27ˣ. The other A redaction mss have í ákafa or á ákafa (which is hypometrical) while the B mss read í ǫrðugri [báru] ‘in a towering, rising [wave]’.
báru ‘roller’
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1. bára (noun f.; °-u; -ur): wave
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
As for Frið 5 and 6.
The many variant readings of this stanza suggest the scribes had considerable difficulty in understanding some of its vocabulary, which powerfully evokes a storm at sea, viewed from the perspective of someone on board ship. Line 1 is exactly the same as Frið 5/1 in the B redaction mss. Frið 5 may well be a partial duplication of this stanza.
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