Þjóð Haustl 15^III

Knôttu ‘were’

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knega (verb): to know, understand, be able to

ǫll ‘All’

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allr (adj.): all

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en ‘and’

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2. en (conj.): but, and

Ullar ‘of Ullr’

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Ullr (noun m.): Ullr

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notes

[1, 2] fyr mági Ullar ‘in front of the kinsman of Ullr <god> [= Þórr]’: Ullr was Þórr’s stepson, being the son of his wife Sif by an unidentified partner. The same kenning appears in EVald Þórr 3/4; see Note there.

endi ‘from end to end’

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endi (noun m.): end < endilágr (adj.)

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notes

[2] endilôg ‘low from end to end’: This cpd hap. leg. adj. has been taken by most eds as f. nom. sg. to qualify grund ‘ground, earth’ (l. 3) and, while this is possible, it is also possible, and syntactically more natural (so Wood 1960b, 153-5), to take it as n. nom. pl. with vé ginnunga ‘sanctuaries of hawks’ in a sky-kenning, of the kind noted by Meissner 108 as belonging to the type ‘province of the bird’ (cf. Marold 1983, 170).

lôg ‘low’

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lágr (adj.; °comp. lǽgri, superl. lǽgstr): low < endilágr (adj.)

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notes

[2] endilôg ‘low from end to end’: This cpd hap. leg. adj. has been taken by most eds as f. nom. sg. to qualify grund ‘ground, earth’ (l. 3) and, while this is possible, it is also possible, and syntactically more natural (so Wood 1960b, 153-5), to take it as n. nom. pl. with vé ginnunga ‘sanctuaries of hawks’ in a sky-kenning, of the kind noted by Meissner 108 as belonging to the type ‘province of the bird’ (cf. Marold 1983, 170).

fyr ‘in front of’

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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.

notes

[1, 2] fyr mági Ullar ‘in front of the kinsman of Ullr <god> [= Þórr]’: Ullr was Þórr’s stepson, being the son of his wife Sif by an unidentified partner. The same kenning appears in EVald Þórr 3/4; see Note there.

mági ‘the kinsman’

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mágr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): brother-, father-, or son-in-law

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notes

[1, 2] fyr mági Ullar ‘in front of the kinsman of Ullr <god> [= Þórr]’: Ullr was Þórr’s stepson, being the son of his wife Sif by an unidentified partner. The same kenning appears in EVald Þórr 3/4; see Note there.

grund ‘the ground’

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grund (noun f.): earth, land

vas ‘was’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

grápi ‘with hail’

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gráp (noun n.): hail

hrundin ‘battered’

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1. hrinda (verb): launch, propell

ginnunga ‘of hawks’

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ginnungi (noun m.): [abyss, hawks, hawk]

[4] ginnunga: so all others, ‘ginnivnga’ R

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vé ‘sanctuaries’

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1. vé (noun n.): house, sanctuary

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brinna ‘burning’

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2. brenna (verb; °brennr/brenn; brann, brunnu; brunninn): (strong, intransitive)

[4] brinna: so W, ‘hrinna’ R, ‘brinra’ Tˣ

þás ‘when’

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2. er (conj.): who, which, when

hof ‘the temple’

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1. hóf (noun n.; °-s; -): court, temple < hófregin (noun n.)

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[5, 6] hofregin hógreiðar ‘the temple-deity of the comfortable chariot [= Þórr]’: In the hap. leg. cpd hofregin, the second element, m. nom. sg. reginn, is unusually encountered in the n. pl. regin ‘gods, divine powers’, though here, as in its occurrence in Glúmr Gráf 4/6^I, it is sg. See also Note to st. 12/6 above. Skj B emends hofregin to hafregin, understanding the cpd to mean ‘raised, lifted deity’, assuming the first element haf- to derive from the verb hefja ‘raise’ (cf. LP: haf-reginn). There is no reason why Þórr could not be called a hofreginn ‘temple-deity’, however; beginning with Adam of Bremen’s account (Schmeidler 1917, 258) of the temple at Uppsala, which places an image of Þórr in the most prominent position, and including close associations recorded in saga literature between Þórr and high-seat pillars, which sometimes had the god’s image carved on them (cf. Clunies Ross 1998b, 142-4), there is good reason to associate Þórr with sacred places.

regin ‘deity’

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regin (noun n.): divine power < hófregin (noun n.)

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notes

[5, 6] hofregin hógreiðar ‘the temple-deity of the comfortable chariot [= Þórr]’: In the hap. leg. cpd hofregin, the second element, m. nom. sg. reginn, is unusually encountered in the n. pl. regin ‘gods, divine powers’, though here, as in its occurrence in Glúmr Gráf 4/6^I, it is sg. See also Note to st. 12/6 above. Skj B emends hofregin to hafregin, understanding the cpd to mean ‘raised, lifted deity’, assuming the first element haf- to derive from the verb hefja ‘raise’ (cf. LP: haf-reginn). There is no reason why Þórr could not be called a hofreginn ‘temple-deity’, however; beginning with Adam of Bremen’s account (Schmeidler 1917, 258) of the temple at Uppsala, which places an image of Þórr in the most prominent position, and including close associations recorded in saga literature between Þórr and high-seat pillars, which sometimes had the god’s image carved on them (cf. Clunies Ross 1998b, 142-4), there is good reason to associate Þórr with sacred places.

hafrar ‘the goats’

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hafr (noun m.; °hafrs/-s(SnEU 56¹⁹), dat. hafri; hafrar): goat

[5] hafrar: ‘hafrir’ R, hafði Tˣ, hǫfðu W

hóg ‘of the comfortable’

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hógr (adj.): comfortable < hógreið (noun f.)

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notes

[5, 6] hofregin hógreiðar ‘the temple-deity of the comfortable chariot [= Þórr]’: In the hap. leg. cpd hofregin, the second element, m. nom. sg. reginn, is unusually encountered in the n. pl. regin ‘gods, divine powers’, though here, as in its occurrence in Glúmr Gráf 4/6^I, it is sg. See also Note to st. 12/6 above. Skj B emends hofregin to hafregin, understanding the cpd to mean ‘raised, lifted deity’, assuming the first element haf- to derive from the verb hefja ‘raise’ (cf. LP: haf-reginn). There is no reason why Þórr could not be called a hofreginn ‘temple-deity’, however; beginning with Adam of Bremen’s account (Schmeidler 1917, 258) of the temple at Uppsala, which places an image of Þórr in the most prominent position, and including close associations recorded in saga literature between Þórr and high-seat pillars, which sometimes had the god’s image carved on them (cf. Clunies Ross 1998b, 142-4), there is good reason to associate Þórr with sacred places.

reiðar ‘chariot’

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1. reið (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar): riding; chariot < hógreið (noun f.)

[6] ‑reiðar: reiðir Tˣ

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notes

[5, 6] hofregin hógreiðar ‘the temple-deity of the comfortable chariot [= Þórr]’: In the hap. leg. cpd hofregin, the second element, m. nom. sg. reginn, is unusually encountered in the n. pl. regin ‘gods, divine powers’, though here, as in its occurrence in Glúmr Gráf 4/6^I, it is sg. See also Note to st. 12/6 above. Skj B emends hofregin to hafregin, understanding the cpd to mean ‘raised, lifted deity’, assuming the first element haf- to derive from the verb hefja ‘raise’ (cf. LP: haf-reginn). There is no reason why Þórr could not be called a hofreginn ‘temple-deity’, however; beginning with Adam of Bremen’s account (Schmeidler 1917, 258) of the temple at Uppsala, which places an image of Þórr in the most prominent position, and including close associations recorded in saga literature between Þórr and high-seat pillars, which sometimes had the god’s image carved on them (cf. Clunies Ross 1998b, 142-4), there is good reason to associate Þórr with sacred places.

framm ‘forward’

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fram (adv.): out, forth, forwards, away

drógu ‘drew’

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2. draga (verb; °dregr; dró, drógu; dreginn/droget(Hirð NKS 1642 4° 146v²⁹; cf. [$962$])): drag, pull, draw

seðr ‘at once’

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seðr (adv.): [at once]

[7] seðr: seiðr Tˣ, seið W

notes

[7] seðr ‘at once’: An older form of the more common senn ‘at once, immediately’.

gekk ‘split’

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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go

Svǫlnis ‘of Svǫlnir’

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Svǫlnir (noun m.): Svǫlnir

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[7] ekkja Svǫlnis ‘the widow of Svǫlnir <= Óðinn> [= Jǫrð (jǫrð ‘earth’)]’: The word ekkja ‘widow’ may be used here in the sense ‘abandoned or alternative wife’ (cf. SnE 1998, II, 264) or it may simply mean ‘woman’ or ‘wife’. The personified Earth (Jǫrð) was thought of as one of Óðinn’s many partners and the mother of Þórr.

ekkja ‘the widow’

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1. ekkja (noun f.; °-u; -ur, gen. ekkna): widow, woman

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notes

[7] ekkja Svǫlnis ‘the widow of Svǫlnir <= Óðinn> [= Jǫrð (jǫrð ‘earth’)]’: The word ekkja ‘widow’ may be used here in the sense ‘abandoned or alternative wife’ (cf. SnE 1998, II, 264) or it may simply mean ‘woman’ or ‘wife’. The personified Earth (Jǫrð) was thought of as one of Óðinn’s many partners and the mother of Þórr.

sundr ‘asunder’

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sundr (adv.): (a)sunder

at ‘to’

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3. at (prep.): at, to

Hrungnis ‘with Hrungnir’

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Hrungnir (noun m.): Hrungnir proper name

fundi ‘a meeting’

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fundr (noun m.): discovery, meeting