Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal 57’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1166.
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hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
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1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet
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1. skúr (noun f.; °; -ir): shower
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2. herða (verb): strengthen
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sverð (noun n.; °-s; -): sword
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rjóða (verb): to redden
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hvítr (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): white
[3] hrjóta hvítir: hvítir hrjóta Tˣ
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askr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): ash, ash-tree, ash-ship
[3] askar ‘ash-spears’: See Note to st. 9/6.
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hrynja (verb): fall, flow
[4] hrynja ‘jingle’: Could also be translated as ‘fall’. The base meaning of hrynja is ‘fall, tumble down’, but this sense could be expanded to include the idea of something tumbling down and making a noise.
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1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat
[4] spangar brynju ‘the thin plates of the byrnie’: According to Falk (1914b, 179), byrnies made from metal plates rather than from interlocking metal rings were not in use in Scandinavia until the late C12th.
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spǫng (noun f.; °spangar/spengr; spengr): clasp
[4] spangar brynju ‘the thin plates of the byrnie’: According to Falk (1914b, 179), byrnies made from metal plates rather than from interlocking metal rings were not in use in Scandinavia until the late C12th.
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hnykkja (verb): pull violently
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2. Hlǫkk (noun f.): Hlǫkk
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eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire
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harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh
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svǫrðr (noun m.; °svarðar, dat. sverði; sverðir, acc. svǫrðu): scalp
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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
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2. remma (verb): strengthen
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rimma (noun f.; °-u): battle
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glóð (noun f.): ember
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rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
[8] grand randa ‘the injury of shields [BATTLE]’: This is a regular kenning for ‘sword’ and an odd battle-kenning, but the latter is demanded by the context.
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grand (noun n.): injury
[8] grand randa ‘the injury of shields [BATTLE]’: This is a regular kenning for ‘sword’ and an odd battle-kenning, but the latter is demanded by the context.
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3. of (prep.): around, from; too
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jarl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): poet, earl
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Hilmir hjálma skúrir |
The ruler strengthens showers of helmets [BATTLES] with the reddened sword; white ash-spears soar; the thin plates of the byrnie jingle. Fires of Hlǫkk <valkyrie> [SWORDS] tug forcefully at the land of the scalp [HEAD]; embers of battle [SWORDS] intensify the injury of shields [BATTLE] around the jarl.
The dróttkvætt variant is called Fleins háttr ‘Fleinn’s verse-form’, presumably after the Norwegian poet Fleinn Hjǫrsson (c. 800?) mentioned in Landnámabók (ÍF 1, 339) and in Skáldatal (SnE 1848-87, III, 270). In all lines, the internal rhymes fall in positions 1 and 3, thus creating a regularised trochaic rhythm.
The heading in Tˣ: 49. For this variant, see Kuhn (1983, 89-90).
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