SnSt Ht 57III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal 57’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1166.
Hilmir ‘The ruler’
(not checked:)
hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
hjálma ‘of helmets’
(not checked:)
1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet
kennings
skúrir hjálma‘showers of helmets ’
= BATTLES
showers of helmets → BATTLES
skúrir ‘showers’
(not checked:)
1. skúr (noun f.; °; -ir): shower
kennings
skúrir hjálma‘showers of helmets ’
= BATTLES
showers of helmets → BATTLES
herðir ‘strengthens’
(not checked:)
2. herða (verb): strengthen
sverði ‘sword’
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sverð (noun n.; °-s; -): sword
roðnu ‘with the reddened’
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rjóða (verb): to redden
hvítir ‘white’
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hvítr (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): white
[3] hrjóta hvítir: hvítir hrjóta Tˣ
askar ‘ash-spears’
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askr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): ash, ash-tree, ash-ship
notes
[3] askar ‘ash-spears’: See Note to st. 9/6.
hrynja ‘jingle’
(not checked:)
hrynja (verb): fall, flow
notes
[4] hrynja ‘jingle’: Could also be translated as ‘fall’. The base meaning of hrynja is ‘fall, tumble down’, but this sense could be expanded to include the idea of something tumbling down and making a noise.
brynju ‘of the byrnie’
(not checked:)
1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat
notes
[4] spangar brynju ‘the thin plates of the byrnie’: According to Falk (1914b, 179), byrnies made from metal plates rather than from interlocking metal rings were not in use in Scandinavia until the late C12th.
spangar ‘the thin plates’
(not checked:)
spǫng (noun f.; °spangar/spengr; spengr): clasp
notes
[4] spangar brynju ‘the thin plates of the byrnie’: According to Falk (1914b, 179), byrnies made from metal plates rather than from interlocking metal rings were not in use in Scandinavia until the late C12th.
Hnykkja ‘tug’
(not checked:)
hnykkja (verb): pull violently
Hlakkar ‘of Hlǫkk’
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2. Hlǫkk (noun f.): Hlǫkk
kennings
Eldar Hlakkar‘Fires of Hlǫkk ’
= SWORDS
Fires of Hlǫkk → SWORDS
eldar ‘Fires’
(not checked:)
eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire
kennings
Eldar Hlakkar‘Fires of Hlǫkk ’
= SWORDS
Fires of Hlǫkk → SWORDS
harða ‘forcefully’
(not checked:)
harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh
svarðar ‘of the scalp’
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svǫrðr (noun m.; °svarðar, dat. sverði; sverðir, acc. svǫrðu): scalp
kennings
landi svarðar;‘at the land of the scalp; ’
= HEAD
at the land of the scalp; → HEAD
landi ‘at the land’
(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
kennings
landi svarðar;‘at the land of the scalp; ’
= HEAD
at the land of the scalp; → HEAD
remma ‘intensify’
(not checked:)
2. remma (verb): strengthen
rimmu ‘of battle’
(not checked:)
rimma (noun f.; °-u): battle
kennings
glóðir rimmu‘embers of battle ’
= SWORDS
embers of battle → SWORDS
glóðir ‘embers’
(not checked:)
glóð (noun f.): ember
kennings
glóðir rimmu‘embers of battle ’
= SWORDS
embers of battle → SWORDS
randa ‘of shields’
(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
kennings
grand randa‘the injury of shields ’
= BATTLE
the injury of shields → BATTLE
notes
[8] grand randa ‘the injury of shields [BATTLE]’: This is a regular kenning for ‘sword’ and an odd battle-kenning, but the latter is demanded by the context.
grand ‘the injury’
(not checked:)
grand (noun n.): injury
kennings
grand randa‘the injury of shields ’
= BATTLE
the injury of shields → BATTLE
notes
[8] grand randa ‘the injury of shields [BATTLE]’: This is a regular kenning for ‘sword’ and an odd battle-kenning, but the latter is demanded by the context.
of ‘around’
(not checked:)
3. of (prep.): around, from; too
jarli ‘the jarl’
(not checked:)
jarl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): poet, earl
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Hilmir hjálma skúrir |
The ruler strengthens showers of helmets [BATTLES] with the reddened sword; white ash-spears soar; the thin plates of the byrnie jingle. Fires of Hlǫkk <valkyrie> [SWORDS] tug forcefully at the land of the scalp [HEAD]; embers of battle [SWORDS] intensify the injury of shields [BATTLE] around the jarl.
The dróttkvætt variant is called Fleins háttr ‘Fleinn’s verse-form’, presumably after the Norwegian poet Fleinn Hjǫrsson (c. 800?) mentioned in Landnámabók (ÍF 1, 339) and in Skáldatal (SnE 1848-87, III, 270). In all lines, the internal rhymes fall in positions 1 and 3, thus creating a regularised trochaic rhythm.
The heading in Tˣ: 49. For this variant, see Kuhn (1983, 89-90).
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