Anon Krm 17^VIII

Hjuggu ‘hewed’

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hǫggva (verb): to strike, put to death, cut, hew

[1] Hjuggu vér með hjörvi: ‘Hiuggu ver m(ed) hiorfi’(?) 1824b, abbrev. as ‘[…] v(’) m(’) h(iaurfi)’(?) 147, Hjuggum vér með hjǫrvi 6ˣ, LR, R693ˣ, abbrev. as ‘H.v. m h:’ R702ˣ

vér ‘We’

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vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our

[1] Hjuggu vér með hjörvi: ‘Hiuggu ver m(ed) hiorfi’(?) 1824b, abbrev. as ‘[…] v(’) m(’) h(iaurfi)’(?) 147, Hjuggum vér með hjǫrvi 6ˣ, LR, R693ˣ, abbrev. as ‘H.v. m h:’ R702ˣ

með ‘with’

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með (prep.): with

[1] Hjuggu vér með hjörvi: ‘Hiuggu ver m(ed) hiorfi’(?) 1824b, abbrev. as ‘[…] v(’) m(’) h(iaurfi)’(?) 147, Hjuggum vér með hjǫrvi 6ˣ, LR, R693ˣ, abbrev. as ‘H.v. m h:’ R702ˣ

hjörvi ‘the sword’

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hjǫrr (noun m.): sword

[1] Hjuggu vér með hjörvi: ‘Hiuggu ver m(ed) hiorfi’(?) 1824b, abbrev. as ‘[…] v(’) m(’) h(iaurfi)’(?) 147, Hjuggum vér með hjǫrvi 6ˣ, LR, R693ˣ, abbrev. as ‘H.v. m h:’ R702ˣ

Hund ‘very’

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hund (num. cardinal; numeral): hundred < hundmargr (adj.): immense

[2] Hund‑: ‘hun‑’ 1824b, ‘[…]’ 147, ‘Hrun’ with ‘her W.’ in margin 6ˣ, her R702ˣ, LR, R693ˣ

notes

[2, 4] hundmargan mann ‘very many a man’: All available mss read m. acc. sg. -margan ‘many’ in l. 2 but they are divided between sg. mann and pl. menn in l. 4. The present ed. follows Finnur Jónsson (1893b; 1905; Skj B) and Kock (Skald) in adopting the sg. forms. Previous eds up to and including Wisén (1886-9) read hundmarga menn ‘very many men’.

margan ‘many’

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2. margr (adj.; °-an): many < hundmargr (adj.): immense

[2] ‑margan: ‘[…]’ 147

notes

[2, 4] hundmargan mann ‘very many a man’: All available mss read m. acc. sg. -margan ‘many’ in l. 2 but they are divided between sg. mann and pl. menn in l. 4. The present ed. follows Finnur Jónsson (1893b; 1905; Skj B) and Kock (Skald) in adopting the sg. forms. Previous eds up to and including Wisén (1886-9) read hundmarga menn ‘very many men’.

sá ‘saw’

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2. sjá (verb): see

[2] sá ek falla: ‘(sꜳ eg falla)’(?) 147

ek ‘I’

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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

[2] sá ek falla: ‘(sꜳ eg falla)’(?) 147

falla ‘fall’

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falla (verb): fall

[2] sá ek falla: ‘(sꜳ eg falla)’(?) 147

morginstund ‘at morning-time’

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morginstund (noun f.)

[3] morginstund: ‘morg[…]stu’ 147

notes

[3] morginstund ‘at morning-time’: This word is presumably acc. here (cf. NS §98) rather than dat. (see however NS §118(b)), since some length of time is presumably required for witnessing the falling of many men in battle!

fyrir ‘before’

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fyrir (prep.): for, before, because of

mæki ‘the sword’

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mækir (noun m.): sword

[3] mæki: so R702ˣ, ‘meidi’ 1824b, 6ˣ, ‘(m)eidi’(?) 147, ‘maeker’ LR, R693ˣ

notes

[3] mæki ‘the sword’: This must be assumed to be the dat. sg. of mækir m. ‘sword’, governed by the prep. fyrir in the phrase falla fyrir ‘to fall (in battle) before’ in ll. 2, 3; see LP: falla 4 and fyrir B2. The present ed. follows previous eds from Wisén (1886-9) onwards in adopting this reading rather than meiði, dat. sg. of meiðir ‘destroyer, harmer’, which was adopted by earlier eds. To judge from LP: meiðir, this word occurs exclusively as a base-word in kennings, and it would lack a determinant here.

mann ‘a man’

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maðr (noun m.): man, person

[4] mann í odda sennu: so R702ˣ, R693ˣ, menn at odda sennu 1824b, 6ˣ, ‘menn […]d[…] se(n)[…]’(?) 147, ‘mann i odda senniu’ LR

notes

[2, 4] hundmargan mann ‘very many a man’: All available mss read m. acc. sg. -margan ‘many’ in l. 2 but they are divided between sg. mann and pl. menn in l. 4. The present ed. follows Finnur Jónsson (1893b; 1905; Skj B) and Kock (Skald) in adopting the sg. forms. Previous eds up to and including Wisén (1886-9) read hundmarga menn ‘very many men’.

í ‘in’

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í (prep.): in, into

[4] mann í odda sennu: so R702ˣ, R693ˣ, menn at odda sennu 1824b, 6ˣ, ‘menn […]d[…] se(n)[…]’(?) 147, ‘mann i odda senniu’ LR

odda ‘of weapon-points’

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oddr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): point of weapon

[4] mann í odda sennu: so R702ˣ, R693ˣ, menn at odda sennu 1824b, 6ˣ, ‘menn […]d[…] se(n)[…]’(?) 147, ‘mann i odda senniu’ LR

kennings

sennu ‘the quarrel’

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1. senna (noun f.; °; -ur): quarrel

[4] mann í odda sennu: so R702ˣ, R693ˣ, menn at odda sennu 1824b, 6ˣ, ‘menn […]d[…] se(n)[…]’(?) 147, ‘mann i odda senniu’ LR

kennings

Syni ‘son’

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sonr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. syni; synir, acc. sonu, syni): son

[5] Syni mínum: so 6ˣ, LR, R693ˣ, ‘syni mínu’ 1824b, R702ˣ, ‘[…]’ 147

notes

[5, 7] syni mínum; Agnar ‘of my son; Agnarr’: Agnarr, referred to in l. 7, is likely to be the speaker’s son, referred to in l. 5, since according to RagnSon and Ragn Ragnarr has the sons Eiríkr and Agnarr by his first wife Þóra, and according to Saxo (Saxo 2015, I, ix. 4. 8, pp. 636-7) has Agnerus by Thora, his second wife in Saxo’s account (and Ericus by his third wife Suanlogha; Saxo 2015, I, ix. 4. 17, pp. 644-5). Agnarr/Agnerus meets his death in these accounts at the hands of the Swedish king Eysteinn (named Ostenus by Saxo), however, whereas here it is one Egill, not otherwise known, who is said to be the cause of his death. It would seem that Krm is here dependent on a tradition of Agnarr somewhat different from those known to Saxo and the authors of RagnSon and Ragn, cf. the case of Rǫgnvaldr, discussed in the Note to st. 15/6 above; see however Note to l. 7 below. This is the only instance in Krm of the death being reported of someone explicitly stated to be the speaker’s son; as noted above, Rǫgnvaldr, whose death is reported in st. 15 and is identifiable with the Rǫgnvaldr who appears elsewhere as a son of Ragnarr loðbrók, is not stated in Krm to be a son of the poem’s speaker.

mínum ‘of my’

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minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my

[5] Syni mínum: so 6ˣ, LR, R693ˣ, ‘syni mínu’ 1824b, R702ˣ, ‘[…]’ 147

notes

[5, 7] syni mínum; Agnar ‘of my son; Agnarr’: Agnarr, referred to in l. 7, is likely to be the speaker’s son, referred to in l. 5, since according to RagnSon and Ragn Ragnarr has the sons Eiríkr and Agnarr by his first wife Þóra, and according to Saxo (Saxo 2015, I, ix. 4. 8, pp. 636-7) has Agnerus by Thora, his second wife in Saxo’s account (and Ericus by his third wife Suanlogha; Saxo 2015, I, ix. 4. 17, pp. 644-5). Agnarr/Agnerus meets his death in these accounts at the hands of the Swedish king Eysteinn (named Ostenus by Saxo), however, whereas here it is one Egill, not otherwise known, who is said to be the cause of his death. It would seem that Krm is here dependent on a tradition of Agnarr somewhat different from those known to Saxo and the authors of RagnSon and Ragn, cf. the case of Rǫgnvaldr, discussed in the Note to st. 15/6 above; see however Note to l. 7 below. This is the only instance in Krm of the death being reported of someone explicitly stated to be the speaker’s son; as noted above, Rǫgnvaldr, whose death is reported in st. 15 and is identifiable with the Rǫgnvaldr who appears elsewhere as a son of Ragnarr loðbrók, is not stated in Krm to be a son of the poem’s speaker.

hneit ‘struck’

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hníta (verb): [thrust]

[5] hneit snimma: ‘(hne[…]t snema)’(?) 147

snimma ‘early’

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snemma (adv.): early

[5] hneit snimma: ‘(hne[…]t snema)’(?) 147

slíðra ‘of scabbards’

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2. slíðr (noun n.; °; -): sheath

[6] slíðra þorn við hjarta: ‘([…]rn) vid hiarta’(?) 147

kennings

notes

[6] þorn slíðra ‘the thorn of scabbards [SWORD]’: De Vries (1938, 722 n. 78) lists this kenning as an instance of the influence on Krm of RvHbreiðm Hl 18/5^III, where the kenning tunga slíðra ‘tongue of scabbards’ occurs, but the comparability is confined to the use of the determinant slíðr ‘scabbard’ in both cases.

þorn ‘The thorn’

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1. þorn (noun m.; °; -ar): thorn

[6] slíðra þorn við hjarta: ‘([…]rn) vid hiarta’(?) 147

kennings

notes

[6] þorn slíðra ‘the thorn of scabbards [SWORD]’: De Vries (1938, 722 n. 78) lists this kenning as an instance of the influence on Krm of RvHbreiðm Hl 18/5^III, where the kenning tunga slíðra ‘tongue of scabbards’ occurs, but the comparability is confined to the use of the determinant slíðr ‘scabbard’ in both cases.

við ‘at’

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2. við (prep.): with, against

[6] slíðra þorn við hjarta: ‘([…]rn) vid hiarta’(?) 147

hjarta ‘the heart’

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hjarta (noun n.; °-; *-u): heart

[6] slíðra þorn við hjarta: ‘([…]rn) vid hiarta’(?) 147

Egill ‘Egill’

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Egill (noun m.): Egill

[7] Egill lét Agnar ræntan: so 6ˣ, LR, R693ˣ, ‘eigill [...]ęntan.’ 1824b, ‘eg[…]ll let agnar (r[...]ntan)’(?) 147, ‘Eigil agnar ræntan’ with ‘liet’ between ‘Eigil’ and ‘agnar’ above the line R702ˣ

notes

[7]: Rafn (1826, 131) attempts to get round the difficulty that Egill rather than Eysteinn is here stated to be the agent of Agnarr’s death by suggesting that Egill may have been one of Eysteinn’s followers.

lét ‘caused’

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láta (verb): let, have sth done

[7] Egill lét Agnar ræntan: so 6ˣ, LR, R693ˣ, ‘eigill [...]ęntan.’ 1824b, ‘eg[…]ll let agnar (r[...]ntan)’(?) 147, ‘Eigil agnar ræntan’ with ‘liet’ between ‘Eigil’ and ‘agnar’ above the line R702ˣ

Agnar ‘Agnarr’

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Agnarr (noun m.): Agnarr

[7] Egill lét Agnar ræntan: so 6ˣ, LR, R693ˣ, ‘eigill [...]ęntan.’ 1824b, ‘eg[…]ll let agnar (r[...]ntan)’(?) 147, ‘Eigil agnar ræntan’ with ‘liet’ between ‘Eigil’ and ‘agnar’ above the line R702ˣ

notes

[5, 7] syni mínum; Agnar ‘of my son; Agnarr’: Agnarr, referred to in l. 7, is likely to be the speaker’s son, referred to in l. 5, since according to RagnSon and Ragn Ragnarr has the sons Eiríkr and Agnarr by his first wife Þóra, and according to Saxo (Saxo 2015, I, ix. 4. 8, pp. 636-7) has Agnerus by Thora, his second wife in Saxo’s account (and Ericus by his third wife Suanlogha; Saxo 2015, I, ix. 4. 17, pp. 644-5). Agnarr/Agnerus meets his death in these accounts at the hands of the Swedish king Eysteinn (named Ostenus by Saxo), however, whereas here it is one Egill, not otherwise known, who is said to be the cause of his death. It would seem that Krm is here dependent on a tradition of Agnarr somewhat different from those known to Saxo and the authors of RagnSon and Ragn, cf. the case of Rǫgnvaldr, discussed in the Note to st. 15/6 above; see however Note to l. 7 below. This is the only instance in Krm of the death being reported of someone explicitly stated to be the speaker’s son; as noted above, Rǫgnvaldr, whose death is reported in st. 15 and is identifiable with the Rǫgnvaldr who appears elsewhere as a son of Ragnarr loðbrók, is not stated in Krm to be a son of the poem’s speaker.

ræntan ‘to be deprived’

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ræna (verb): rob

[7] Egill lét Agnar ræntan: so 6ˣ, LR, R693ˣ, ‘eigill [...]ęntan.’ 1824b, ‘eg[…]ll let agnar (r[...]ntan)’(?) 147, ‘Eigil agnar ræntan’ with ‘liet’ between ‘Eigil’ and ‘agnar’ above the line R702ˣ

óblauðan ‘an uncowardly’

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óblauðr (adj.): [dauntless]

[8] óblauðan hal lífi: ‘(obl)audan (hal) lif(i)’(?) 147

hal ‘man’

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halr (noun m.; °-s): man

[8] óblauðan hal lífi: ‘(obl)audan (hal) lif(i)’(?) 147

lífi ‘of life’

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líf (noun n.; °-s; -): life

[8] óblauðan hal lífi: ‘(obl)audan (hal) lif(i)’(?) 147

Glumði ‘resounded’

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glymja (verb): resound

[9] Glumði geirr við Hamðis: so 6ˣ, R702ˣ, LR, R693ˣ, ‘glumdí g[…]í[…] vid [...]’ 1824b, ‘[…]di geir vid hamdis’ 147

geirr ‘The spear’

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geirr (noun m.): spear

[9] Glumði geirr við Hamðis: so 6ˣ, R702ˣ, LR, R693ˣ, ‘glumdí g[…]í[…] vid [...]’ 1824b, ‘[…]di geir vid hamdis’ 147

við ‘against’

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2. við (prep.): with, against

[9] Glumði geirr við Hamðis: so 6ˣ, R702ˣ, LR, R693ˣ, ‘glumdí g[…]í[…] vid [...]’ 1824b, ‘[…]di geir vid hamdis’ 147

Hamðis ‘of Hamðir’

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Hamðir (noun m.): Hamðir

[9] Glumði geirr við Hamðis: so 6ˣ, R702ˣ, LR, R693ˣ, ‘glumdí g[…]í[…] vid [...]’ 1824b, ‘[…]di geir vid hamdis’ 147

kennings

notes

[9] Hamðis ‘of Hamðir <legendary hero>’: The allusion here is to the legendary hero Hamðir, son of Guðrún Gjúkadóttir (sister of Gunnarr and Hǫgni, see Notes to st. 22, ll. 2-4, and second Note to st. 29/8 below) by her third husband King Jónakr. Hamðir’s name is common as a determinant in kennings for weapons and armour, especially mail-coats (Meissner 164-5).

grán ‘the grey’

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gránn (adj.): grey < gránserkr (adj.)

[10] gránserk bliku merki: so 6ˣ, R702ˣ, LR, R693ˣ, ‘[...] serk [...]kn merki’ 1824b, ‘gran serk (bliku merki)’(?) 147

kennings

notes

[10] gránserk ‘the grey shirt’: The present ed. here follows Rafn (1826), Pfeiffer (1860), Wisén (1886-9), Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) and Kock (Skald) in treating gránserk m. acc. sg. as a cpd word rather than, as in other previous eds (including those of Finnur Jónsson 1893b and 1905), two words of which the first, grán, is a contracted form of gráan, m. acc. sg. of grár ‘grey’. The preferability of the reading adopted here is indicated by Kock (NN §2309A) and is supported by the presence of the cpd gránserkr in Skúli Lv 1/4^III (see Note there).

serk ‘shirt’

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1. serkr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ir): shirt < gránserkr (adj.)

[10] gránserk bliku merki: so 6ˣ, R702ˣ, LR, R693ˣ, ‘[...] serk [...]kn merki’ 1824b, ‘gran serk (bliku merki)’(?) 147

kennings

notes

[10] gránserk ‘the grey shirt’: The present ed. here follows Rafn (1826), Pfeiffer (1860), Wisén (1886-9), Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) and Kock (Skald) in treating gránserk m. acc. sg. as a cpd word rather than, as in other previous eds (including those of Finnur Jónsson 1893b and 1905), two words of which the first, grán, is a contracted form of gráan, m. acc. sg. of grár ‘grey’. The preferability of the reading adopted here is indicated by Kock (NN §2309A) and is supported by the presence of the cpd gránserkr in Skúli Lv 1/4^III (see Note there).

bliku ‘gleamed’

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2. blika (verb; °-að-): [gleamed]

[10] gránserk bliku merki: so 6ˣ, R702ˣ, LR, R693ˣ, ‘[...] serk [...]kn merki’ 1824b, ‘gran serk (bliku merki)’(?) 147

merki ‘banners’

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1. merki (noun n.; °-s: -): banner, sign

[10] gránserk bliku merki: so 6ˣ, R702ˣ, LR, R693ˣ, ‘[...] serk [...]kn merki’ 1824b, ‘gran serk (bliku merki)’(?) 147