HSt Rst 24I
Rolf Stavnem (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallar-Steinn, Rekstefja 24’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 926.
Hjǫr* ‘of the sword’
(not checked:)
hjǫrr (noun m.): sword < hjǫrflóð (noun n.)
[1] Hjǫr*fl*óðs: ‘Hiordfliods’ Bb
kennings
hnykkimeiðum hnigreyrs hjǫr*fl*óðs‘for the snatching trees of the descending reed of the sword-flood ’
= WARRIORS
the sword-flood → BLOOD
the descending reed of the BLOOD → SWORD
for the snatching trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
notes
[1] hjǫr*fl*óðs ‘of the sword-flood [BLOOD]’: This emendation, also made by previous eds, is necessary since the Bb reading ‘Hiordfliods’ would seemingly mean ‘herd-woman’.
Hjǫr* ‘of the sword’
(not checked:)
hjǫrr (noun m.): sword < hjǫrflóð (noun n.)
[1] Hjǫr*fl*óðs: ‘Hiordfliods’ Bb
kennings
hnykkimeiðum hnigreyrs hjǫr*fl*óðs‘for the snatching trees of the descending reed of the sword-flood ’
= WARRIORS
the sword-flood → BLOOD
the descending reed of the BLOOD → SWORD
for the snatching trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
notes
[1] hjǫr*fl*óðs ‘of the sword-flood [BLOOD]’: This emendation, also made by previous eds, is necessary since the Bb reading ‘Hiordfliods’ would seemingly mean ‘herd-woman’.
Hjǫr* ‘of the sword’
(not checked:)
hjǫrr (noun m.): sword < hjǫrflóð (noun n.)
[1] Hjǫr*fl*óðs: ‘Hiordfliods’ Bb
kennings
hnykkimeiðum hnigreyrs hjǫr*fl*óðs‘for the snatching trees of the descending reed of the sword-flood ’
= WARRIORS
the sword-flood → BLOOD
the descending reed of the BLOOD → SWORD
for the snatching trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
notes
[1] hjǫr*fl*óðs ‘of the sword-flood [BLOOD]’: This emendation, also made by previous eds, is necessary since the Bb reading ‘Hiordfliods’ would seemingly mean ‘herd-woman’.
fl*óðs ‘flood’
(not checked:)
2. flóð (noun n.): flood < hjǫrflóð (noun n.)
[1] Hjǫr*fl*óðs: ‘Hiordfliods’ Bb
kennings
hnykkimeiðum hnigreyrs hjǫr*fl*óðs‘for the snatching trees of the descending reed of the sword-flood ’
= WARRIORS
the sword-flood → BLOOD
the descending reed of the BLOOD → SWORD
for the snatching trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
notes
[1] hjǫr*fl*óðs ‘of the sword-flood [BLOOD]’: This emendation, also made by previous eds, is necessary since the Bb reading ‘Hiordfliods’ would seemingly mean ‘herd-woman’.
fl*óðs ‘flood’
(not checked:)
2. flóð (noun n.): flood < hjǫrflóð (noun n.)
[1] Hjǫr*fl*óðs: ‘Hiordfliods’ Bb
kennings
hnykkimeiðum hnigreyrs hjǫr*fl*óðs‘for the snatching trees of the descending reed of the sword-flood ’
= WARRIORS
the sword-flood → BLOOD
the descending reed of the BLOOD → SWORD
for the snatching trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
notes
[1] hjǫr*fl*óðs ‘of the sword-flood [BLOOD]’: This emendation, also made by previous eds, is necessary since the Bb reading ‘Hiordfliods’ would seemingly mean ‘herd-woman’.
fl*óðs ‘flood’
(not checked:)
2. flóð (noun n.): flood < hjǫrflóð (noun n.)
[1] Hjǫr*fl*óðs: ‘Hiordfliods’ Bb
kennings
hnykkimeiðum hnigreyrs hjǫr*fl*óðs‘for the snatching trees of the descending reed of the sword-flood ’
= WARRIORS
the sword-flood → BLOOD
the descending reed of the BLOOD → SWORD
for the snatching trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
notes
[1] hjǫr*fl*óðs ‘of the sword-flood [BLOOD]’: This emendation, also made by previous eds, is necessary since the Bb reading ‘Hiordfliods’ would seemingly mean ‘herd-woman’.
hnykki ‘for the snatching’
(not checked:)
hnykkja (verb): pull violently < hnykkimeiðr (noun m.)
kennings
hnykkimeiðum hnigreyrs hjǫr*fl*óðs‘for the snatching trees of the descending reed of the sword-flood ’
= WARRIORS
the sword-flood → BLOOD
the descending reed of the BLOOD → SWORD
for the snatching trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
meiðum ‘trees’
(not checked:)
meiðr (noun m.): beam, tree < hnykkimeiðr (noun m.)
kennings
hnykkimeiðum hnigreyrs hjǫr*fl*óðs‘for the snatching trees of the descending reed of the sword-flood ’
= WARRIORS
the sword-flood → BLOOD
the descending reed of the BLOOD → SWORD
for the snatching trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
hérs ‘Now it is’
(not checked:)
hér (adv.): here
of ‘’
(not checked:)
3. of (prep.): around, from; too
slœm ‘slœmr’
(not checked:)
slœmr (noun m.; °dat. -): conclusion
notes
[2] slœm ‘slœmr’: Together with the C12th Gamlkan Has 46/6VII, this constitutes the earliest evidence for the term, which refers to the third and last part of the poem.
at ‘to’
(not checked:)
5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
dœma ‘judge’
(not checked:)
dœma (verb; °-mð-): judge
hnig ‘of the descending’
(not checked:)
hníga (verb): sink, fall < hnigreyr (noun n.)
kennings
hnykkimeiðum hnigreyrs hjǫr*fl*óðs‘for the snatching trees of the descending reed of the sword-flood ’
= WARRIORS
the sword-flood → BLOOD
the descending reed of the BLOOD → SWORD
for the snatching trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
notes
[3] hnig- ‘descending’: From hníga ‘to bow down, sink’. The image is presumably of a sword slashing with a downward motion.
hnig ‘of the descending’
(not checked:)
hníga (verb): sink, fall < hnigreyr (noun n.)
kennings
hnykkimeiðum hnigreyrs hjǫr*fl*óðs‘for the snatching trees of the descending reed of the sword-flood ’
= WARRIORS
the sword-flood → BLOOD
the descending reed of the BLOOD → SWORD
for the snatching trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
notes
[3] hnig- ‘descending’: From hníga ‘to bow down, sink’. The image is presumably of a sword slashing with a downward motion.
reyrs ‘reed’
(not checked:)
2. reyr (noun n.): reed < hnigreyr (noun n.)
kennings
hnykkimeiðum hnigreyrs hjǫr*fl*óðs‘for the snatching trees of the descending reed of the sword-flood ’
= WARRIORS
the sword-flood → BLOOD
the descending reed of the BLOOD → SWORD
for the snatching trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
reyrs ‘reed’
(not checked:)
2. reyr (noun n.): reed < hnigreyr (noun n.)
kennings
hnykkimeiðum hnigreyrs hjǫr*fl*óðs‘for the snatching trees of the descending reed of the sword-flood ’
= WARRIORS
the sword-flood → BLOOD
the descending reed of the BLOOD → SWORD
for the snatching trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
harða ‘the very’
(not checked:)
harða (adv.): very
notes
[3] starran ‘stiff’: Suggested by Konráð Gíslason (1895-7); the ms. reads ‘staran’. In a conventional topos, the poem’s narrator downplays his own achievement by calling it stiff and encourages the audience to judge its quality (cf. Kreutzer 1977, 177, 238, 274).
hefk ‘I have’
(not checked:)
hafa (verb): have
þar ‘there’
(not checked:)
þar (adv.): there
lokit ‘concluded’
(not checked:)
1. lúka (verb): end, close
stefjum ‘the refrains’
(not checked:)
stef (noun n.; °; -): refrain
notes
[4] stefjum ‘the refrains’: Presumably pl. because the stef ‘refrain’ lines occur in fifteen stanzas.
Íð ‘of the carefully’
(not checked:)
íð (noun f.): task < iðvandr (adj.): diligent
kennings
íðvands geira gnýbjóðs.‘din-inviter of spears’
= WARRIOR
the din of spears. → BATTLE
the carefully-acting inviter of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
notes
[5] íðvands ‘carefully-acting’: Konráð Gíslason (1895-7), with Finnur Jónsson (Skj A), reads nom. sg. íðvandr, referring to the skald, but gen. sg. íðvands, qualifying the kenning for Óláfr, is equally possible as the graphs representing <r> and <s> are often identical in Bb.
vands ‘acting’
(not checked:)
vandr (adj.): difficult < iðvandr (adj.): diligent
kennings
íðvands geira gnýbjóðs.‘din-inviter of spears’
= WARRIOR
the din of spears. → BATTLE
the carefully-acting inviter of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
notes
[5] íðvands ‘carefully-acting’: Konráð Gíslason (1895-7), with Finnur Jónsson (Skj A), reads nom. sg. íðvandr, referring to the skald, but gen. sg. íðvands, qualifying the kenning for Óláfr, is equally possible as the graphs representing <r> and <s> are often identical in Bb.
aðrar ‘the other’
(not checked:)
1. annarr (pron.; °f. ǫnnur, n. annat; pl. aðrir): (an)other, second
dáðir ‘deeds’
(not checked:)
dáð (noun f.; °; -ir): feat, deed
ek ‘I am’
(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
fýsumk ‘now’
(not checked:)
fýsa (verb): desire, encourage
nú ‘eager’
(not checked:)
nú (adv.): now
lýsa ‘to describe’
(not checked:)
2. lýsa (verb): illuminate, show
gný ‘of the din’
(not checked:)
gnýr (noun m.): din, tumult < gnýbjóðr (noun m.)
kennings
íðvands geira gnýbjóðs.‘din-inviter of spears’
= WARRIOR
the din of spears. → BATTLE
the carefully-acting inviter of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
gný ‘of the din’
(not checked:)
gnýr (noun m.): din, tumult < gnýbjóðr (noun m.)
kennings
íðvands geira gnýbjóðs.‘din-inviter of spears’
= WARRIOR
the din of spears. → BATTLE
the carefully-acting inviter of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
bjóðs ‘inviter’
(not checked:)
2. bjóðr (noun m.): inviter < gnýbjóðr (noun m.)
kennings
íðvands geira gnýbjóðs.‘din-inviter of spears’
= WARRIOR
the din of spears. → BATTLE
the carefully-acting inviter of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
geysitíðar ‘much talked-about’
(not checked:)
geysitíðr (adj.): [much talked-about]
geira ‘of spears’
(not checked:)
geirr (noun m.): spear
kennings
íðvands geira gnýbjóðs.‘din-inviter of spears’
= WARRIOR
the din of spears. → BATTLE
the carefully-acting inviter of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
geira ‘of spears’
(not checked:)
geirr (noun m.): spear
kennings
íðvands geira gnýbjóðs.‘din-inviter of spears’
= WARRIOR
the din of spears. → BATTLE
the carefully-acting inviter of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
hóti ‘a great deal’
(not checked:)
2. hót (noun n.; °; -): a bit
fleiri ‘more’
(not checked:)
fleiri (adj. comp.; °superl. flestr): more, most
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Hjǫr*fl*óðs hnykkimeiðum |
Now it is for the snatching trees of the descending reed of the sword-flood [BLOOD > SWORD > WARRIORS] to judge the very stiff slœmr; I have concluded the refrains there. I am now eager to describe a great deal more the other much talked-about deeds of the carefully-acting inviter of the din of spears [(lit. ‘din-inviter of spears’) BATTLE > WARRIOR].
The stanza concludes the section of the poem containing the refrain lines (sts 9-23) and prepares for the slœmr (l. 2; see Note below). Contrary to the first and last stanzas of Rst, the audience addressed in ll. 1, 3 is obviously not a group of women. — [5]: The line has three hendingar (Íð- : að- : áð).
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