HSt Rst 25I
Rolf Stavnem (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallar-Steinn, Rekstefja 25’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 927.
Tvær ‘two’
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tveir (num. cardinal): two
senn ‘at the same time’
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senn (adv.): at once
tiggja ‘of the ruler’
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tiggi (noun m.; °-ja): king
vinnur ‘of those achievements’
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1. vinna (noun f.; °-u; -ur): achievement, deed
telk ‘I tell’
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telja (verb): tell, count
færi ‘few’
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3. fár (adj.; °compar. fǽrri/fárri(Mág² 11), superl. fǽstr): few
[2] færi: so 61, 53, 54, Flat, smæri Bb(112rb), farri Bb(94rb)
kennings
færi Gǫndlar gnýlinns runna;‘trees of the din-snake of Gǫndul’
= WARRIORS
the din of Gǫndul [have performed]; → BATTLE
the snake of the BATTLE → SWORD
few trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
notes
[2] færi ‘few’: Lit. ‘fewer’. This, the ÓT reading, gives good sense, and qualifies the kenning for ‘warriors’ in l. 3. This kenning is the object of veit ‘know’, forming the part of an elliptical acc. with inf. construction which is completed by understanding inf. fremja ‘to perform’ or hafa framit ‘have performed’ from framði ‘performed’ in l. 4 (so also Skj B). The Bb reading smæri ‘smaller’ would qualify the warrior-kenning, referring to lesser men, but it is not normally used metaphorically and leaves the clause incomplete.
gný ‘of the din’
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gnýr (noun m.): din, tumult < gnýlinnr (noun m.)
[3] gnýlinns: gunnelds all others
kennings
færi Gǫndlar gnýlinns runna;‘trees of the din-snake of Gǫndul’
= WARRIORS
the din of Gǫndul [have performed]; → BATTLE
the snake of the BATTLE → SWORD
few trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
gný ‘of the din’
(not checked:)
gnýr (noun m.): din, tumult < gnýlinnr (noun m.)
[3] gnýlinns: gunnelds all others
kennings
færi Gǫndlar gnýlinns runna;‘trees of the din-snake of Gǫndul’
= WARRIORS
the din of Gǫndul [have performed]; → BATTLE
the snake of the BATTLE → SWORD
few trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
gný ‘of the din’
(not checked:)
gnýr (noun m.): din, tumult < gnýlinnr (noun m.)
[3] gnýlinns: gunnelds all others
kennings
færi Gǫndlar gnýlinns runna;‘trees of the din-snake of Gǫndul’
= WARRIORS
the din of Gǫndul [have performed]; → BATTLE
the snake of the BATTLE → SWORD
few trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
linns ‘of the snake’
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linnr (noun m.): snake < gnýlinnr (noun m.)
[3] gnýlinns: gunnelds all others
kennings
færi Gǫndlar gnýlinns runna;‘trees of the din-snake of Gǫndul’
= WARRIORS
the din of Gǫndul [have performed]; → BATTLE
the snake of the BATTLE → SWORD
few trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
linns ‘of the snake’
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linnr (noun m.): snake < gnýlinnr (noun m.)
[3] gnýlinns: gunnelds all others
kennings
færi Gǫndlar gnýlinns runna;‘trees of the din-snake of Gǫndul’
= WARRIORS
the din of Gǫndul [have performed]; → BATTLE
the snake of the BATTLE → SWORD
few trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
Gǫndlar ‘of Gǫndul’
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2. Gǫndul (noun f.): Gǫndul
[3] Gǫndlar: geymir 61, geymi 53, 54, Bb(94rb), Flat
kennings
færi Gǫndlar gnýlinns runna;‘trees of the din-snake of Gǫndul’
= WARRIORS
the din of Gǫndul [have performed]; → BATTLE
the snake of the BATTLE → SWORD
few trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
Gǫndlar ‘of Gǫndul’
(not checked:)
2. Gǫndul (noun f.): Gǫndul
[3] Gǫndlar: geymir 61, geymi 53, 54, Bb(94rb), Flat
kennings
færi Gǫndlar gnýlinns runna;‘trees of the din-snake of Gǫndul’
= WARRIORS
the din of Gǫndul [have performed]; → BATTLE
the snake of the BATTLE → SWORD
few trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
Gǫndlar ‘of Gǫndul’
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2. Gǫndul (noun f.): Gǫndul
[3] Gǫndlar: geymir 61, geymi 53, 54, Bb(94rb), Flat
kennings
færi Gǫndlar gnýlinns runna;‘trees of the din-snake of Gǫndul’
= WARRIORS
the din of Gǫndul [have performed]; → BATTLE
the snake of the BATTLE → SWORD
few trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
runna ‘trees’
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runnr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): bush, tree
[3] runna: unna 61, ‑runnar 53
kennings
færi Gǫndlar gnýlinns runna;‘trees of the din-snake of Gǫndul’
= WARRIORS
the din of Gǫndul [have performed]; → BATTLE
the snake of the BATTLE → SWORD
few trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS
gramr ‘The prince’
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
íþróttir ‘feats’
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íþrótt (noun f.): skill, accomplishment
framði ‘performed’
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fremja (verb): advance, perform
kennings
Hvítra skjalda hyr-Baldr,‘fire-Baldr of white shields’
= WARRIOR = Óláfr
the fire of white shields, → SWORD
The Baldr of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Óláfr
notes
[5] hyr-Baldr ‘the Baldr <god> of the fire (lit. ‘fire-Baldr’)’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) adopts the reading hyr from Bb(112rb), departing from the ÓT version normally preferred in his edn. The ÓT reading is hnig-Baldr ‘sinking Baldr of white shields [WARRIOR]’, where the prefixed hnig- is odd in juxtaposition with a conventional shield-kenning. It could perhaps mean that the warrior lowers his shield as a sign of courage, but it seems more likely that hnig- is an error encouraged by hnig- in st. 24/3.
kennings
Hvítra skjalda hyr-Baldr,‘fire-Baldr of white shields’
= WARRIOR = Óláfr
the fire of white shields, → SWORD
The Baldr of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Óláfr
notes
[5] hyr-Baldr ‘the Baldr <god> of the fire (lit. ‘fire-Baldr’)’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) adopts the reading hyr from Bb(112rb), departing from the ÓT version normally preferred in his edn. The ÓT reading is hnig-Baldr ‘sinking Baldr of white shields [WARRIOR]’, where the prefixed hnig- is odd in juxtaposition with a conventional shield-kenning. It could perhaps mean that the warrior lowers his shield as a sign of courage, but it seems more likely that hnig- is an error encouraged by hnig- in st. 24/3.
Baldr ‘The Baldr’
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Baldr (noun m.): [Baldr, Baldur] < hyrbaldr (noun m.)
kennings
Hvítra skjalda hyr-Baldr,‘fire-Baldr of white shields’
= WARRIOR = Óláfr
the fire of white shields, → SWORD
The Baldr of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Óláfr
notes
[5] hyr-Baldr ‘the Baldr <god> of the fire (lit. ‘fire-Baldr’)’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) adopts the reading hyr from Bb(112rb), departing from the ÓT version normally preferred in his edn. The ÓT reading is hnig-Baldr ‘sinking Baldr of white shields [WARRIOR]’, where the prefixed hnig- is odd in juxtaposition with a conventional shield-kenning. It could perhaps mean that the warrior lowers his shield as a sign of courage, but it seems more likely that hnig- is an error encouraged by hnig- in st. 24/3.
kennings
Hvítra skjalda hyr-Baldr,‘fire-Baldr of white shields’
= WARRIOR = Óláfr
the fire of white shields, → SWORD
The Baldr of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Óláfr
kennings
Hvítra skjalda hyr-Baldr,‘fire-Baldr of white shields’
= WARRIOR = Óláfr
the fire of white shields, → SWORD
The Baldr of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Óláfr
skjalda ‘shields’
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skjǫldr (noun m.; °skjaldar/skildar, dat. skildi; skildir, acc. skjǫldu): shield
kennings
Hvítra skjalda hyr-Baldr,‘fire-Baldr of white shields’
= WARRIOR = Óláfr
the fire of white shields, → SWORD
The Baldr of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Óláfr
skjalda ‘shields’
(not checked:)
skjǫldr (noun m.; °skjaldar/skildar, dat. skildi; skildir, acc. skjǫldu): shield
kennings
Hvítra skjalda hyr-Baldr,‘fire-Baldr of white shields’
= WARRIOR = Óláfr
the fire of white shields, → SWORD
The Baldr of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Óláfr
hand ‘with short’
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hǫnd (noun f.; °handar, dat. hendi; hendr (hendir StatPáll³ 752¹²)): hand < handsax (noun n.): [with short-swords]
sǫxum ‘swords’
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2. sax (noun n.; °-; *-): sword, prow < handsax (noun n.): [with short-swords]
lék ‘juggled’
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3. leika (verb): play
vandla ‘skilfully’
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vandla (adv.): completely, skilfully
flein ‘the spear’
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fleinn (noun m.; °dat. fleini): spear < fleinrjóðr (noun m.): spear-reddener
kennings
fleinrjóðr,‘the spear-reddener, ’
= WARRIOR
the spear-reddener, → WARRIOR
rjóðr ‘reddener’
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1. rjóðr (noun m.): reddener < fleinrjóðr (noun m.): spear-reddener
kennings
fleinrjóðr,‘the spear-reddener, ’
= WARRIOR
the spear-reddener, → WARRIOR
flestra ‘in most’
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fleiri (adj. comp.; °superl. flestr): more, most
[7] flestra dáða: so all others, flestar dáðir Bb(112rb)
notes
[7] flestra dáða ‘in most deeds’: This, the ÓT reading, provides a gen. pl. governed by frár ‘swift (in)’; the Bb(112rb) reading, nom./acc. pl. flestar dáðir, does not fit the syntax.
dáða ‘deeds’
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dáð (noun f.; °; -ir): feat, deed
[7] flestra dáða: so all others, flestar dáðir Bb(112rb)
notes
[7] flestra dáða ‘in most deeds’: This, the ÓT reading, provides a gen. pl. governed by frár ‘swift (in)’; the Bb(112rb) reading, nom./acc. pl. flestar dáðir, does not fit the syntax.
frár ‘swift’
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frár (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. -vastr/-str): agile, quick
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
gekk ‘walked’
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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
ôrum ‘the oars’
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1. ár (noun f.; °-ar, dat. u/-; -ar/-ir(LandslBorg 151b²¹)): oar
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Tvær senn — tiggja vinnur |
The prince performed two feats at the same time, which I know few trees of the snake of the din of Gǫndul <valkyrie> [(lit. ‘trees of the din-snake of Gǫndul’) BATTLE > SWORD > WARRIORS] [have performed]; I tell of those achievements of the ruler. The Baldr <god> of the fire of white shields [(lit. ‘fire-Baldr of white shields’) SWORD > WARRIOR = Óláfr], the spear-reddener [WARRIOR], swift in most deeds, juggled skilfully with short-swords and walked across the oars.
Óláfr, when his men were rowing along the coast, would sometimes walk on the oars overboard while juggling with short-swords.
Óláfr’s exceptional dexterity is also the subject of Anon Ól 1. — [3]: Line 3 in ÓT forms an alternative warrior-kenning which is also feasible: geymirunna gunnelds ‘guarding trees of the battle-fire [SWORD > WARRIORS]’.
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