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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Gamlkan Has 18^VII

Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 18’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 89.

Gamli kanóki Harmsól

Ítr ‘Glorious’

(not checked:)
ítr (adj.): glorious

kennings

Ítr gramr élserkjar,
‘Glorious prince of the storm-shirt, ’
= God
the storm-shirt, → SKY/HEAVEN
Glorious prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

lýstir ‘showed’

(not checked:)
2. lýsa (verb): illuminate, show

þú ‘you’

(not checked:)
þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you

ástar ‘of your love’

(not checked:)
ást (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): love

él ‘of the storm’

(not checked:)
él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm < élserkr (noun m.)

kennings

Ítr gramr élserkjar,
‘Glorious prince of the storm-shirt, ’
= God
the storm-shirt, → SKY/HEAVEN
Glorious prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

él ‘of the storm’

(not checked:)
él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm < élserkr (noun m.)

kennings

Ítr gramr élserkjar,
‘Glorious prince of the storm-shirt, ’
= God
the storm-shirt, → SKY/HEAVEN
Glorious prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

serkjar ‘shirt’

(not checked:)
1. serkr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ir): shirt < élserkr (noun m.)

kennings

Ítr gramr élserkjar,
‘Glorious prince of the storm-shirt, ’
= God
the storm-shirt, → SKY/HEAVEN
Glorious prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

serkjar ‘shirt’

(not checked:)
1. serkr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ir): shirt < élserkr (noun m.)

kennings

Ítr gramr élserkjar,
‘Glorious prince of the storm-shirt, ’
= God
the storm-shirt, → SKY/HEAVEN
Glorious prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

gramr ‘prince’

(not checked:)
1. gramr (noun m.): ruler

kennings

Ítr gramr élserkjar,
‘Glorious prince of the storm-shirt, ’
= God
the storm-shirt, → SKY/HEAVEN
Glorious prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

merki ‘a sign’

(not checked:)
1. merki (noun n.; °-s: -): banner, sign

láðs ‘of the land’

(not checked:)
2. láð (noun n.): earth, land

kennings

lyptimeiða láðs linns
‘the lifting-poles of the land of the serpent ’
= MEN
the land of the serpent → GOLD
the lifting-poles of the GOLD → MEN

láðs ‘of the land’

(not checked:)
2. láð (noun n.): earth, land

kennings

lyptimeiða láðs linns
‘the lifting-poles of the land of the serpent ’
= MEN
the land of the serpent → GOLD
the lifting-poles of the GOLD → MEN

til ‘’

(not checked:)
til (prep.): to

við ‘towards’

(not checked:)
2. við (prep.): with, against

[3] við: til 399a‑bˣ

notes

[3] við ‘towards’: B’s reading, understanding lyptimeiða as acc. pl. Both Skj B and Skald choose 399a-bˣ’s til, understanding lyptimeiða as gen. pl.

lypti ‘the lifting’

(not checked:)
lyfta (verb): lift, raise < lyftimeiðr (noun m.)

kennings

lyptimeiða láðs linns
‘the lifting-poles of the land of the serpent ’
= MEN
the land of the serpent → GOLD
the lifting-poles of the GOLD → MEN

meiða ‘poles’

(not checked:)
meiðr (noun m.): beam, tree < lyftimeiðr (noun m.)

kennings

lyptimeiða láðs linns
‘the lifting-poles of the land of the serpent ’
= MEN
the land of the serpent → GOLD
the lifting-poles of the GOLD → MEN

linns ‘of the serpent’

(not checked:)
linnr (noun m.): snake

kennings

lyptimeiða láðs linns
‘the lifting-poles of the land of the serpent ’
= MEN
the land of the serpent → GOLD
the lifting-poles of the GOLD → MEN

linns ‘of the serpent’

(not checked:)
linnr (noun m.): snake

kennings

lyptimeiða láðs linns
‘the lifting-poles of the land of the serpent ’
= MEN
the land of the serpent → GOLD
the lifting-poles of the GOLD → MEN

í ‘in’

(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into

hér ‘’

(not checked:)
hér (adv.): here < hérvist (noun f.)

vist ‘sojourn here’

(not checked:)
vist (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): abode, lodging, provisions < hérvist (noun f.)

þinni ‘your’

(not checked:)
þinn (pron.; °f. þín, n. þitt): your

Guð ‘God’

(not checked:)
1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God

rétt ‘you decided’

(not checked:)
ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide

guð ‘divinity’

(not checked:)
1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God < guðdómr (noun m.): God’s dominion

dóm ‘’

(not checked:)
dómr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): judgement; court; -dom, -ness (suffix) < guðdómr (noun m.): God’s dominion

yðvarn ‘your’

(not checked:)
yðvarr (pron.; °f. yður; pl. yðrir): your

glatask ‘is destroyed’

(not checked:)
glata (verb): destroy

mein ‘the harm’

(not checked:)
mein (noun n.; °-s; -): harm, injury

kennings

mein liðs hǫlða
‘the harm of the race of men ’
= SIN
the harm of the race of men → SIN

af ‘by’

(not checked:)
af (prep.): from

því ‘that’

(not checked:)
1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

hreinan ‘pure’

(not checked:)
2. hreinn (adj.; °compar. hreinari/hreinni, superl. hreinastr/hreinstr): pure

[6] hreinan: hreina B

notes

[6] hreinan ‘pure’: Konráð Gíslason (and Eiríkur Jónsson 1875-89, II, 256) suggested emendation to hreinan (acc.), which has been adopted by all eds.

hǫlða ‘of men’

(not checked:)
hǫlðr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): man

kennings

mein liðs hǫlða
‘the harm of the race of men ’
= SIN
the harm of the race of men → SIN

liðs ‘of the race’

(not checked:)
lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop

kennings

mein liðs hǫlða
‘the harm of the race of men ’
= SIN
the harm of the race of men → SIN

at ‘to’

(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to

hylja ‘cover’

(not checked:)
2. hylja (verb): to bury, cover, inhume

hár ‘Exalted’

(not checked:)
3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high

mann ‘human’

(not checked:)
maðr (noun m.): man, person < manndómr (noun m.): humanity

dómi ‘ity’

(not checked:)
dómr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): judgement; court; -dom, -ness (suffix) < manndómr (noun m.): humanity

vôrum ‘with our’

(not checked:)
várr (pron.; °f. ór/vár; pl. órir/várir): our

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