Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Lilja 52’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 621-2.
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[1] Er: Eru 99a, 622, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892
[1] er ‘is’: Both Skj B and Skald choose the majority mss’ pl. verb eru ‘are’. Eftirdæmi ‘example’ could be either sg. or pl., but the pl. sense ‘there are/will always be memorable examples’ does not fit the present context, which describes Christ’s unique and supreme example of self-sacrifice.
[1] æ ‘forever’: The adv., omitted in some mss, is necessary for the rhyme scheme (æ m- : -dæm-). Those mss that omit æ all have eru, a combination that also produces correct rhyme.
(not checked:)
minniligr (adj.): memorable
(not checked:)
yfirvaldandi (noun m.)
[2] yfirvaldanda: yfirbjóðandi 99a, 622, 713, 705ˣ, 4892, að yfirbjóðandinn Vb, 41 8°ˣ
[2] yfirvaldanda himins og landa ‘of the supreme ruler of heaven and earth [= God (= Christ)]’: The same formula is used in 58/8. These two instances in Lil are the only attestations of the cpd yfirvaldandi, but see Sigfús Blöndal 1920-4 for the analogous forms yfirvald and yfirvaldsmaður in MIcel.
(not checked:)
himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky
[2] himins: eingla 99a, 622, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ
[2] yfirvaldanda himins og landa ‘of the supreme ruler of heaven and earth [= God (= Christ)]’: The same formula is used in 58/8. These two instances in Lil are the only attestations of the cpd yfirvaldandi, but see Sigfús Blöndal 1920-4 for the analogous forms yfirvald and yfirvaldsmaður in MIcel.
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
[2] yfirvaldanda himins og landa ‘of the supreme ruler of heaven and earth [= God (= Christ)]’: The same formula is used in 58/8. These two instances in Lil are the only attestations of the cpd yfirvaldandi, but see Sigfús Blöndal 1920-4 for the analogous forms yfirvald and yfirvaldsmaður in MIcel.
(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
[2] landa: þjóða 99a, 622, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ
[2] yfirvaldanda himins og landa ‘of the supreme ruler of heaven and earth [= God (= Christ)]’: The same formula is used in 58/8. These two instances in Lil are the only attestations of the cpd yfirvaldandi, but see Sigfús Blöndal 1920-4 for the analogous forms yfirvald and yfirvaldsmaður in MIcel.
(not checked:)
3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
(not checked:)
hals (noun m.; °hals, dat. -i; -ar): neck
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
(not checked:)
2. beygja (verb; °beygði): bend down, twist
[3] beygði: vægði 99a, 622, 713, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892
[3] beygði ‘bowed’: So Bb. All other mss have vægði, from vægja ‘to give way, yield’.
(not checked:)
2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
(not checked:)
þræll (noun m.; °þrǽls, dat. þrǽli/þrǽl; þrǽlar): slave, servant
[4] þræl: þeim 622
(not checked:)
lysta (verb): desire
(not checked:)
5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
(not checked:)
2. berja (verb; °barði; barðr/bariðr/barinn): fight
(not checked:)
3. fár (adj.; °compar. fǽrri/fárri(Mág² 11), superl. fǽstr): few < fátalaðr (adj.)
[5] fátalaðr ‘little-speaking’: Understatement: Jesus was silent before Pilate and his accusers (Matt. XXVII.12-14, Mark XV.3-5, John XIX.9). Kock found the word too short for the metre and proposed fámálugr (NN §2629F), but later discovered that this emendation spoiled the rhyme and proposed instead fátalandi, a reading not supported by any ms. In Skald, however, he retains fátalaðr.
(not checked:)
3. tala (verb): speak, talk < fátalaðr (adj.)
[5] fátalaðr ‘little-speaking’: Understatement: Jesus was silent before Pilate and his accusers (Matt. XXVII.12-14, Mark XV.3-5, John XIX.9). Kock found the word too short for the metre and proposed fámálugr (NN §2629F), but later discovered that this emendation spoiled the rhyme and proposed instead fátalandi, a reading not supported by any ms. In Skald, however, he retains fátalaðr.
(not checked:)
með (prep.): with
(not checked:)
lítillæti (noun n.): humility
(not checked:)
lágr (adj.; °comp. lǽgri, superl. lǽgstr): low < lágraustaðr (adj.)
[6] lágraustaðr: og lágraustaðr 99a, 705ˣ
(not checked:)
rausta (verb): [spoken] < lágraustaðr (adj.)
[6] lágraustaðr: og lágraustaðr 99a, 705ˣ
(not checked:)
með (prep.): with
(not checked:)
ásjón (noun f.; °; -ir): face
(not checked:)
fagr (adj.; °fagran; compar. fegri, superl. fegrstr): fair, beautiful
[6] fagri: fagra 99a, 622, 713, trausta Vb, 41 8°ˣ, ‘[...]agra’ 4892
(not checked:)
svá (adv.): so, thus
[7-8] svá bjóðandi önd sína sínum dauða ‘thus offering his soul in his death’: This reading follows 622 and 418°ˣ. Bb’s sáran is acc. and a dat. is required with bjóða in the sense of offering something to someone. Some mss add an í ‘in’ before sáran dauða, and this is adopted by both Skj B and Skald.
(not checked:)
bjóða (verb; °býðr; bauð, buðu; boðinn (buð- Thom¹ 5²n.)): offer, order, invite
[7] bjóðandi: bjóðandi í 99a, 622, Vb, 41 8°ˣ
[7-8] svá bjóðandi önd sína sínum dauða ‘thus offering his soul in his death’: This reading follows 622 and 418°ˣ. Bb’s sáran is acc. and a dat. is required with bjóða in the sense of offering something to someone. Some mss add an í ‘in’ before sáran dauða, and this is adopted by both Skj B and Skald.
(not checked:)
3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
[7] sínum: so 622, 41 8°ˣ, sáran Bb, sárum Vb, 4892, í sáran 705ˣ
[7-8] svá bjóðandi önd sína sínum dauða ‘thus offering his soul in his death’: This reading follows 622 and 418°ˣ. Bb’s sáran is acc. and a dat. is required with bjóða in the sense of offering something to someone. Some mss add an í ‘in’ before sáran dauða, and this is adopted by both Skj B and Skald.
[7-8] svá bjóðandi önd sína sínum dauða ‘thus offering his soul in his death’: This reading follows 622 and 418°ˣ. Bb’s sáran is acc. and a dat. is required with bjóða in the sense of offering something to someone. Some mss add an í ‘in’ before sáran dauða, and this is adopted by both Skj B and Skald.
(not checked:)
3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
[7-8] svá bjóðandi önd sína sínum dauða ‘thus offering his soul in his death’: This reading follows 622 and 418°ˣ. Bb’s sáran is acc. and a dat. is required with bjóða in the sense of offering something to someone. Some mss add an í ‘in’ before sáran dauða, and this is adopted by both Skj B and Skald.
(not checked:)
2. ǫnd (noun f.; °andar, dat. ǫnd/ǫndu; andir): soul, breath
[7-8] svá bjóðandi önd sína sínum dauða ‘thus offering his soul in his death’: This reading follows 622 and 418°ˣ. Bb’s sáran is acc. and a dat. is required with bjóða in the sense of offering something to someone. Some mss add an í ‘in’ before sáran dauða, and this is adopted by both Skj B and Skald.
(not checked:)
fyrir (prep.): for, before, because of
(not checked:)
nauðsyn (noun f.): need
(not checked:)
minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
[6]: The rhyme is between lágr- and fagr-. For other examples of full rhyme between long and short vowels, see the use of dýrð in 14/2, 68/8, and 74/2. JH notes that the poet sporadically shortens vowels preceding a consonant cluster.
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.