ESk Frag 4III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Fragments 4’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 155.
Glym ‘roaring’
(not checked:)
glymja (verb): resound < glymvindr (noun m.): [roaring wind]
[1] Glymvindi: glymjandi A
kennings
mestum glymvindi Gǫndlar,‘the strongest roaring wind of Gǫndul ’
= BATTLE
the strongest roaring wind of Gǫndul → BATTLE
notes
[1] glymvindi Gǫndlar ‘the roaring wind of Gǫndul <valkyrie> [BATTLE]’: Both glymr Gǫndlar ‘the roar of Gǫndul’ and vindr Gǫndlar ‘the wind of Gǫndul’ are kennings for ‘battle’, but the prefix glym- ‘roar(ing)’ probably has an adjectival force here. For kennings of a similar structure, see Note to Sturl Hrafn 1/3-4II. In LP: glymvindr Finnur Jónsson translates glymvindr Gǫndlar as kamp ‘battle’, but in Skj B he gives skudbyge ‘shower of missiles’. Faulkes (SnE 1998, II, 291) has ‘noisy wind, in kenning for storm of battle … i.e. missiles flying like rain’. See also Meissner 182-3.
vindi ‘wind’
(not checked:)
1. vindr (noun m.; °-s/-ar; -ar): wind < glymvindr (noun m.): [roaring wind]
[1] Glymvindi: glymjandi A
kennings
mestum glymvindi Gǫndlar,‘the strongest roaring wind of Gǫndul ’
= BATTLE
the strongest roaring wind of Gǫndul → BATTLE
notes
[1] glymvindi Gǫndlar ‘the roaring wind of Gǫndul <valkyrie> [BATTLE]’: Both glymr Gǫndlar ‘the roar of Gǫndul’ and vindr Gǫndlar ‘the wind of Gǫndul’ are kennings for ‘battle’, but the prefix glym- ‘roar(ing)’ probably has an adjectival force here. For kennings of a similar structure, see Note to Sturl Hrafn 1/3-4II. In LP: glymvindr Finnur Jónsson translates glymvindr Gǫndlar as kamp ‘battle’, but in Skj B he gives skudbyge ‘shower of missiles’. Faulkes (SnE 1998, II, 291) has ‘noisy wind, in kenning for storm of battle … i.e. missiles flying like rain’. See also Meissner 182-3.
Gǫndlar ‘of Gǫndul’
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2. Gǫndul (noun f.): Gǫndul
[1] Gǫndlar: so Tˣ, U, A, gǫndla R, W, 2368ˣ, 743ˣ, ‘gaunlar’ C
kennings
mestum glymvindi Gǫndlar,‘the strongest roaring wind of Gǫndul ’
= BATTLE
the strongest roaring wind of Gǫndul → BATTLE
notes
[1] glymvindi Gǫndlar ‘the roaring wind of Gǫndul <valkyrie> [BATTLE]’: Both glymr Gǫndlar ‘the roar of Gǫndul’ and vindr Gǫndlar ‘the wind of Gǫndul’ are kennings for ‘battle’, but the prefix glym- ‘roar(ing)’ probably has an adjectival force here. For kennings of a similar structure, see Note to Sturl Hrafn 1/3-4II. In LP: glymvindr Finnur Jónsson translates glymvindr Gǫndlar as kamp ‘battle’, but in Skj B he gives skudbyge ‘shower of missiles’. Faulkes (SnE 1998, II, 291) has ‘noisy wind, in kenning for storm of battle … i.e. missiles flying like rain’. See also Meissner 182-3.
gnestr ‘crashes’
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gnesta (verb): emit crashing sound
[2] gnestr: so Tˣ, W, U, A, 2368ˣ, 743ˣ, gnest R, gnast C
hjǫrr ‘the sword’
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hjǫrr (noun m.): sword
mestum ‘the strongest’
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meiri (adj. comp.; °meiran; superl. mestr): more, most
[2] mestum: mestan A, 2368ˣ
kennings
mestum glymvindi Gǫndlar,‘the strongest roaring wind of Gǫndul ’
= BATTLE
the strongest roaring wind of Gǫndul → BATTLE
Hildar ‘Hildr’s’
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2. Hildr (noun f.): Hildr
kennings
segl Hildar‘Hildr’s sail ’
= SHIELD
Hildr’s sail → SHIELD
notes
[3] Hildar ‘Hildr’s <valkyrie’s>’: As a common noun hildr means ‘battle’, but the word is taken here as a pers. n. to retain the valkyrie-imagery.
segl ‘sail’
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segl (noun n.; °-s; -): sail
kennings
segl Hildar‘Hildr’s sail ’
= SHIELD
Hildr’s sail → SHIELD
þars ‘where’
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þars (conj.): where
hagli ‘hail’
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hagl (noun n.; °-s; dat. *-um): hail
kennings
hagli strengjar;‘hail of the bow-string ’
= ARROWS
hail of the bow-string → ARROWS
hraustr ‘The brave’
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hraustr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): strong, valiant
þengill ‘ruler’
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þengill (noun m.): prince, ruler
drífr ‘is driven’
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2. drífa (verb; °drífr; dreif, drifu; drifinn): drive, rush
notes
[4] drífr ‘is driven’: Lit. ‘drifts’ (3rd pers. sg. pres. indic.). The verb is used impersonally with hagli strengjar ‘hail of the bow-string’ (ll. 3, 4) as the dat. object.
strengjar ‘of the bow-string’
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strengr (noun m.; °-jar; -ir): string, rope, bow-string
[4] strengjar: so all others, ‘stengiar’ R
kennings
hagli strengjar;‘hail of the bow-string ’
= ARROWS
hail of the bow-string → ARROWS
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Glymvindr Gǫndlar ‘the roaring wind of Gǫndul’ is listed as one of several examples of battle-kennings in Skm. In LaufE, vindr Gǫndlar ‘the wind of Gǫndul’ is a kenning for ‘battle’.
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