Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Fragments 4’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 155.
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glymja (verb): resound < glymvindr (noun m.): [roaring wind]
[1] Glymvindi: glymjandi A
[1] glymvindi Gǫndlar ‘the roaring wind of Gǫndul <valkyrie> [BATTLE]’: Both glymr Gǫndlar ‘the roar of Gǫndul’ and vindr Gǫndlar ‘the wind of Gǫndul’ are kennings for ‘battle’, but the prefix glym- ‘roar(ing)’ probably has an adjectival force here. For kennings of a similar structure, see Note to Sturl Hrafn 1/3-4II. In LP: glymvindr Finnur Jónsson translates glymvindr Gǫndlar as kamp ‘battle’, but in Skj B he gives skudbyge ‘shower of missiles’. Faulkes (SnE 1998, II, 291) has ‘noisy wind, in kenning for storm of battle … i.e. missiles flying like rain’. See also Meissner 182-3.
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1. vindr (noun m.; °-s/-ar; -ar): wind < glymvindr (noun m.): [roaring wind]
[1] Glymvindi: glymjandi A
[1] glymvindi Gǫndlar ‘the roaring wind of Gǫndul <valkyrie> [BATTLE]’: Both glymr Gǫndlar ‘the roar of Gǫndul’ and vindr Gǫndlar ‘the wind of Gǫndul’ are kennings for ‘battle’, but the prefix glym- ‘roar(ing)’ probably has an adjectival force here. For kennings of a similar structure, see Note to Sturl Hrafn 1/3-4II. In LP: glymvindr Finnur Jónsson translates glymvindr Gǫndlar as kamp ‘battle’, but in Skj B he gives skudbyge ‘shower of missiles’. Faulkes (SnE 1998, II, 291) has ‘noisy wind, in kenning for storm of battle … i.e. missiles flying like rain’. See also Meissner 182-3.
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2. Gǫndul (noun f.): Gǫndul
[1] Gǫndlar: so Tˣ, U, A, gǫndla R, W, 2368ˣ, 743ˣ, ‘gaunlar’ C
[1] glymvindi Gǫndlar ‘the roaring wind of Gǫndul <valkyrie> [BATTLE]’: Both glymr Gǫndlar ‘the roar of Gǫndul’ and vindr Gǫndlar ‘the wind of Gǫndul’ are kennings for ‘battle’, but the prefix glym- ‘roar(ing)’ probably has an adjectival force here. For kennings of a similar structure, see Note to Sturl Hrafn 1/3-4II. In LP: glymvindr Finnur Jónsson translates glymvindr Gǫndlar as kamp ‘battle’, but in Skj B he gives skudbyge ‘shower of missiles’. Faulkes (SnE 1998, II, 291) has ‘noisy wind, in kenning for storm of battle … i.e. missiles flying like rain’. See also Meissner 182-3.
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gnesta (verb): emit crashing sound
[2] gnestr: so Tˣ, W, U, A, 2368ˣ, 743ˣ, gnest R, gnast C
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hjǫrr (noun m.): sword
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meiri (adj. comp.; °meiran; superl. mestr): more, most
[2] mestum: mestan A, 2368ˣ
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2. Hildr (noun f.): Hildr
[3] Hildar ‘Hildr’s <valkyrie’s>’: As a common noun hildr means ‘battle’, but the word is taken here as a pers. n. to retain the valkyrie-imagery.
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segl (noun n.; °-s; -): sail
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þars (conj.): where
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hagl (noun n.; °-s; dat. *-um): hail
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hraustr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): strong, valiant
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þengill (noun m.): prince, ruler
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2. drífa (verb; °drífr; dreif, drifu; drifinn): drive, rush
[4] drífr ‘is driven’: Lit. ‘drifts’ (3rd pers. sg. pres. indic.). The verb is used impersonally with hagli strengjar ‘hail of the bow-string’ (ll. 3, 4) as the dat. object.
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strengr (noun m.; °-jar; -ir): string, rope, bow-string
[4] strengjar: so all others, ‘stengiar’ R
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Glymvindr Gǫndlar ‘the roaring wind of Gǫndul’ is listed as one of several examples of battle-kennings in Skm. In LaufE, vindr Gǫndlar ‘the wind of Gǫndul’ is a kenning for ‘battle’.
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