Þul Elds 2III
Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Elds heiti 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 922.
Leygr ‘Flame’
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1. leygr (noun m.): flame
vafr ‘flickering’
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vafr- ((prefix)): [flickering] < vafrlogi (noun m.)
[1] vafr‑: vǫfr‑ B
notes
[1] vafrlogi (m.) ‘flickering flame’: In Old Norse mythology vafrlogi denotes flames surrounding the hall of an enchanted princess (e.g. Brynhildr’s hall in Skm, SnE 1998, I, 48; cf. also Fj 31, Skí 8, 9 and Note to ESk Frag 1/4). In Modern Icelandic folklore, vafrlogi (or málmlogi ‘metal-flame’) is said to flicker above buried treasures (see CVC: vafrlogi).
logi ‘flame’
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logi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): flame < vafrlogi (noun m.)
notes
[1] vafrlogi (m.) ‘flickering flame’: In Old Norse mythology vafrlogi denotes flames surrounding the hall of an enchanted princess (e.g. Brynhildr’s hall in Skm, SnE 1998, I, 48; cf. also Fj 31, Skí 8, 9 and Note to ESk Frag 1/4). In Modern Icelandic folklore, vafrlogi (or málmlogi ‘metal-flame’) is said to flicker above buried treasures (see CVC: vafrlogi).
linnr ‘serpent’
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linnr (noun m.): snake
notes
[2] linnr (m.) ‘serpent’: A poetic term for ‘serpent’ (see Þul Orma 3/4; also listed in Þul Viðar 3/1), possibly metaphorically transferred to fire (perhaps ‘flexible’ or ‘biting’), but never otherwise attested as a heiti for ‘fire’. RE 1665 has ‘Linur’, i.e. the adj. linr ‘mild, soft, pleasant’, which makes little sense in the context.
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
farri ‘wanderer’
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1. farri (noun m.; °-a): °slyngel, slambert, landstryger
notes
[2] farri (m.) ‘wanderer’: An obscure word, most likely derived from the strong verb fara ‘go, move’ (hence perhaps ‘wanderer, vagrant, tramp’; see ÍO: farri 2). Holthausen (1948, 57), however, suggests a connection with Old Church Slavonic para ‘smoke’ and Gk πίμπρημι ‘burn’, while according to Alexander Jóhannesson (1951-6, 554-5), the word may be related to fors n. ‘waterfall’. Cf. also farri as an ox-heiti (though not mentioned in the þulur; LP: farri 1, 2), and the discussion of this word in Note to Þjóð Yt 14/6I. Ms. B and RE 1665 both have fari m. ‘mover, traveller’ here.
brandr ‘fire’
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brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
fýr ‘blaze’
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fýr (noun n.)
notes
[3] fýr (n.) ‘blaze’: Or fýrr m. Neither form is used elsewhere, but fýri m. ‘fire’ occurs in poetry. The heiti is derived from fúrr, a poetic term for ‘fire’ (see the latter word in l. 8 below). The heiti is omitted in RE 1665.
túsi ‘crackling one’
notes
[3] túsi (m.) ‘crackling one’: Or tusi (the quantity of the vowel cannot be established with certainty). A hap. leg. Cf. New Norw. tusa, tuska ‘crackle, make noise’ (see AEW: tusi). Kock (NN §105 n.) argues that the correct form of this heiti is tussi, and that it may be related to tjǫss ‘whistling’ (hence ‘noisy’). Alternatively, the word could be related to OHG zusken ‘burn’ (so Holthausen 1942, 270).
brími ‘burning’
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brími (noun m.): fire
notes
[4] brími (m.) ‘burning’: This poetic term for ‘fire’ is related to ME brim ‘embers’ and Modern German dialects brimseln ‘burn’ (ÍO: brími).
notes
[4] nertill (m.) ‘gnawing one’: A hap. leg. Cf. the nickname nǫrtr m. ‘one who nags’ (Finnur Jónsson 1907, 341) and the weak verb narta ‘pinch slightly’, ModIcel. narta ‘gnaw, nag’ (CVC: narta; ÍO: nertill, narta).
viti ‘beacon’
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viti (noun m.; °-a; -ar): beacon, marker
eimyrja ‘live coals’
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eimyrja (noun f.; °-u): ember
vélann ‘deceiver’
notes
[6] vélann, fasti ‘deceiver, fire’: It is impossible to say whether this is a cpd or two separate heiti. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B; LP: vélanfasti) suggests vélanfasti lit. ‘fraudulent fire’, an otherwise unattested cpd. That interpretation is dubious for two reasons. First of all, vél f. ‘fraud’ normally has the form véla- when used as the first element in compounds (cf. vélaverk ‘bad trick’, vélakaup ‘fraudulent bargain’; see CVC: vél). Second, it would be natural to expect that fasti m., which is frequently used by the skalds as a poetic term for ‘fire’, should be listed as a separate heiti in Þul Elds. In RE 1665, these are treated as two separate words and not listed adjacently. Taken as an isolated word, the first heiti might be a derivation either from vél ‘treason, trick’ (vélann m. ‘deceiver, trickster’; cf. þjóðann ‘sovereign’, Þul Konunga 2/8, Herjan(n), Þul Óðins 2/5) or from vél/væl ‘wailing’ (vélann ‘wailer’). The sense ‘noisemaker’ would be paralleled in such fire-heiti as olgr ‘noise-maker’ (st. 3/1) and dunsuðr ‘thunderer’ (st. 4/5).
fasti ‘fire’
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fasti (noun m.; °; -ar): flame, fire
notes
[6] vélann, fasti ‘deceiver, fire’: It is impossible to say whether this is a cpd or two separate heiti. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B; LP: vélanfasti) suggests vélanfasti lit. ‘fraudulent fire’, an otherwise unattested cpd. That interpretation is dubious for two reasons. First of all, vél f. ‘fraud’ normally has the form véla- when used as the first element in compounds (cf. vélaverk ‘bad trick’, vélakaup ‘fraudulent bargain’; see CVC: vél). Second, it would be natural to expect that fasti m., which is frequently used by the skalds as a poetic term for ‘fire’, should be listed as a separate heiti in Þul Elds. In RE 1665, these are treated as two separate words and not listed adjacently. Taken as an isolated word, the first heiti might be a derivation either from vél ‘treason, trick’ (vélann m. ‘deceiver, trickster’; cf. þjóðann ‘sovereign’, Þul Konunga 2/8, Herjan(n), Þul Óðins 2/5) or from vél/væl ‘wailing’ (vélann ‘wailer’). The sense ‘noisemaker’ would be paralleled in such fire-heiti as olgr ‘noise-maker’ (st. 3/1) and dunsuðr ‘thunderer’ (st. 4/5).
funi ‘pyre’
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funi (noun m.): fire
hyrr ‘flare’
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hyrr (noun m.): fire
fœðir ‘feeder’
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fœðir (noun m.): feeder, nourisher
notes
[7] fœðir (m.) ‘feeder’: Or ‘nourisher, breeder’. This agent noun is frequently used as a base-word in man-kennings, but it never occurs in skaldic poetry as a heiti for ‘fire’.
notes
[8] fúrr (m.) ‘bonfire’: See Note to fýr ‘blaze’ (l. 3 above). The heiti is omitted in B, but included in RE 1665.
eisa ‘glowing embers’
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1. eisa (noun f.; °; -ur): flame, ember
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