Keth Lv 21VIII (Ket 37)
Beatrice La Farge (ed.) 2017, ‘Ketils saga hœngs 37 (Ketill hœngr, Lausavísur 21)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 592.
Hvat ‘What’
(not checked:)
hvat (pron.): what
er ‘is the matter’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
þér ‘with you’
(not checked:)
þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
Dragvendill ‘Dragvendill’
(not checked:)
dragvendill (noun m.): °of a sword)
Hví ‘Why’
(not checked:)
hví (adv.): why
vorðinn ‘become’
(not checked:)
1. verða (verb): become, be
Til ‘’
(not checked:)
til (prep.): to
hefi ‘have’
(not checked:)
hafa (verb): have
ek ‘I’
(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
nú ‘now’
(not checked:)
nú (adv.): now
höggvit ‘struck a blow’
(not checked:)
hǫggva (verb): to strike, put to death, cut, hew
[3] höggvit: so 471, höggit 343a
tregt ‘slow’
(not checked:)
tregr (adj.): slow, reluctant
er ‘are’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
þér ‘you’
(not checked:)
þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
at ‘to’
(not checked:)
5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
bíta ‘bite’
(not checked:)
bíta (verb; °bítr; beit, bitu; bitinn): bite
Hliðar ‘give way’
(not checked:)
hliða (verb)
þú ‘You’
(not checked:)
þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
at ‘at’
(not checked:)
4. at (conj.): that
hjör ‘the sword’
(not checked:)
hjǫrr (noun m.): sword < hjǫrþing (noun n.): sword-assembly
kennings
hjörþingi;‘the sword-meeting; ’
= BATTLE
the sword-meeting; → BATTLE
þingi ‘meeting’
(not checked:)
þing (noun n.; °-s; -): meeting, assembly < hjǫrþing (noun n.): sword-assembly
kennings
hjörþingi;‘the sword-meeting; ’
= BATTLE
the sword-meeting; → BATTLE
hefir ‘have’
(not checked:)
hafa (verb): have
notes
[6-7] eigi fyrr hefir þér vorðit bilt ‘you have not failed before’: The construction is impersonal and could be translated lit. as: ‘it has not become failed for you before’. Previous eds reduce the number of syllables in l. 6 by substituting shorter forms of the verb hefir and/or of the negation: hefirat (Edd. Min.; FSGJ), hefra (Skj B; Skald), hefir … ei (CPB II, 559). For the form vorðit, see Note to l. 2 above.
þér ‘you’
(not checked:)
þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
notes
[6-7] eigi fyrr hefir þér vorðit bilt ‘you have not failed before’: The construction is impersonal and could be translated lit. as: ‘it has not become failed for you before’. Previous eds reduce the number of syllables in l. 6 by substituting shorter forms of the verb hefir and/or of the negation: hefirat (Edd. Min.; FSGJ), hefra (Skj B; Skald), hefir … ei (CPB II, 559). For the form vorðit, see Note to l. 2 above.
eigi ‘not’
(not checked:)
3. eigi (adv.): not
notes
[6-7] eigi fyrr hefir þér vorðit bilt ‘you have not failed before’: The construction is impersonal and could be translated lit. as: ‘it has not become failed for you before’. Previous eds reduce the number of syllables in l. 6 by substituting shorter forms of the verb hefir and/or of the negation: hefirat (Edd. Min.; FSGJ), hefra (Skj B; Skald), hefir … ei (CPB II, 559). For the form vorðit, see Note to l. 2 above.
fyrr ‘before’
(not checked:)
fyrr (adv.): before, sooner
notes
[6-7] eigi fyrr hefir þér vorðit bilt ‘you have not failed before’: The construction is impersonal and could be translated lit. as: ‘it has not become failed for you before’. Previous eds reduce the number of syllables in l. 6 by substituting shorter forms of the verb hefir and/or of the negation: hefirat (Edd. Min.; FSGJ), hefra (Skj B; Skald), hefir … ei (CPB II, 559). For the form vorðit, see Note to l. 2 above.
notes
[6-7] eigi fyrr hefir þér vorðit bilt ‘you have not failed before’: The construction is impersonal and could be translated lit. as: ‘it has not become failed for you before’. Previous eds reduce the number of syllables in l. 6 by substituting shorter forms of the verb hefir and/or of the negation: hefirat (Edd. Min.; FSGJ), hefra (Skj B; Skald), hefir … ei (CPB II, 559). For the form vorðit, see Note to l. 2 above.
bilt ‘failed’
(not checked:)
bilr (adj.)
notes
[6-7] eigi fyrr hefir þér vorðit bilt ‘you have not failed before’: The construction is impersonal and could be translated lit. as: ‘it has not become failed for you before’. Previous eds reduce the number of syllables in l. 6 by substituting shorter forms of the verb hefir and/or of the negation: hefirat (Edd. Min.; FSGJ), hefra (Skj B; Skald), hefir … ei (CPB II, 559). For the form vorðit, see Note to l. 2 above.
í ‘in’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
notes
[7] í braki málma ‘in the crash of metal [BATTLE]’: A conventional battle-kenning. Ms. 471’s barki or barka makes no sense in context. Barki would be a clear example of metathesis from braki, but barka also has an ending (-a) that could only make it the gen. pl. of brak (with metathesis to bark). The form barki is nom. sg. of a noun meaning ‘wind-pipe’ (LP: 1. barki) or a type of boat (LP: 2. barki). The form barka would be an oblique case of these two barki homonyms.
braki ‘the crash’
(not checked:)
brak (noun n.): clash, noise
[7] braki: barka or corrected to ‘barke’, perhaps from barka 471
kennings
braki málma,‘the crash of metal ’
= BATTLE
the crash of metal → BATTLE
notes
[7] í braki málma ‘in the crash of metal [BATTLE]’: A conventional battle-kenning. Ms. 471’s barki or barka makes no sense in context. Barki would be a clear example of metathesis from braki, but barka also has an ending (-a) that could only make it the gen. pl. of brak (with metathesis to bark). The form barki is nom. sg. of a noun meaning ‘wind-pipe’ (LP: 1. barki) or a type of boat (LP: 2. barki). The form barka would be an oblique case of these two barki homonyms.
málma ‘of metal’
(not checked:)
malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal
kennings
braki málma,‘the crash of metal ’
= BATTLE
the crash of metal → BATTLE
notes
[7] í braki málma ‘in the crash of metal [BATTLE]’: A conventional battle-kenning. Ms. 471’s barki or barka makes no sense in context. Barki would be a clear example of metathesis from braki, but barka also has an ending (-a) that could only make it the gen. pl. of brak (with metathesis to bark). The form barki is nom. sg. of a noun meaning ‘wind-pipe’ (LP: 1. barki) or a type of boat (LP: 2. barki). The form barka would be an oblique case of these two barki homonyms.
þar ‘where’
(not checked:)
þar (adv.): there
er ‘’
(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when
bragnar ‘warriors’
(not checked:)
bragnar (noun m.): men, warriors
hjugguz ‘exchanged blows’
(not checked:)
hǫggva (verb): to strike, put to death, cut, hew
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