Valg Har 11II
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Valgarðr á Velli, Poem about Haraldr harðráði 11’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 309-10.
Lauðr ‘Foam’
(not checked:)
lauðr (noun n.): foam, surf
lagt ‘folded’
(not checked:)
leggja (verb): put, lay
beðja ‘layers’
(not checked:)
beðr (noun m.; °dat. -/-i; -ir, dat. -jum): bed
[1] beðja: ‘bebi’ Mork, bæði Flat, H, Hr, R, C, ‘bedi’ Tˣ, B, beð A
notes
[1] beðja (m. acc. pl.) ‘layers’: The emendation beðja ‘layers’ is conjectural, but none of the variants allows for an adequate reading. Beðr ‘layer, bed, quilt’ is a m. ja-stem and the regular acc. pl. is beði, but the metre requires a long-stemmed disyllabic word in positions 5-6. Beðja could be an archaic form (Gmc *baðja-: see ANG §368; SnE 1998 I, 147, 216). Skj B connects beðja with golli (n. dat. sg.) ‘gold’ (l. 2) which is taken as a possessive dat. (Skummet fyldte guldets underlag ‘The foam filled the gold’s pad’), but in LP: beðr 2, Finnur suggests the (unattested) translation ‘long foaming breakers’ (lange skumbølger). Kock (NN §877) tentatively emends to beðjum (m. dat. pl.) which he translates as långa bäddar ‘long beds’. The idea seems to be that the foam formed layers, just like a down-quilt, covering the sea and making it ‘swollen’ (sollit haf (l. 2)). See also Indrebø 1928, 116-20.
sollit ‘the swollen’
(not checked:)
1. svella (verb): swell
enn ‘and’
(not checked:)
2. en (conj.): but, and
her ‘of the’
(not checked:)
herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host < herskip (noun n.): warship
skipum ‘ warships’
(not checked:)
skip (noun n.; °-s; -): ship < herskip (noun n.): warship
[3] ‑skipum: ‑skipa A, B
hrannir ‘waves’
(not checked:)
hrǫnn (noun f.; °; dat. -um): wave
hǫfuð ‘heads’
(not checked:)
hǫfuð (noun n.; °-s; -): head
notes
[4] þógu ógurlig hǫfuð ‘washed the terrifying heads’: See Note to st. 10/5 above. Landnámabók (Ldn, ÍF 1, 313), contains an instructive section on the terror that these heads could inspire: Þat var upphaf hinna heiðnu laga, at menn skyldi eigi hafa hǫfuðskip í haf, en ef þeir hefði, þá skyldi þeir af taka hǫfuð, áðr þeir kœmi í landsýn, ok sigla eigi at landi með gapandi hǫfðum eða gínandi trjónum, svá at landvættir fælisk við ‘That was the opening [section] of the pagan laws, that people must not have ships with heads when setting out to sea. But if they did, then they must take off the heads before they sighted land and not sail toward land with gaping heads or yawning mouths, so that the guardian spirits of the land would be frightened’.
ógurlig ‘the terrifying’
(not checked:)
ógurligr (adj.): horrible
notes
[4] þógu ógurlig hǫfuð ‘washed the terrifying heads’: See Note to st. 10/5 above. Landnámabók (Ldn, ÍF 1, 313), contains an instructive section on the terror that these heads could inspire: Þat var upphaf hinna heiðnu laga, at menn skyldi eigi hafa hǫfuðskip í haf, en ef þeir hefði, þá skyldi þeir af taka hǫfuð, áðr þeir kœmi í landsýn, ok sigla eigi at landi með gapandi hǫfðum eða gínandi trjónum, svá at landvættir fælisk við ‘That was the opening [section] of the pagan laws, that people must not have ships with heads when setting out to sea. But if they did, then they must take off the heads before they sighted land and not sail toward land with gaping heads or yawning mouths, so that the guardian spirits of the land would be frightened’.
þógu ‘washed’
(not checked:)
1. þvá (verb): wash
notes
[4] þógu ógurlig hǫfuð ‘washed the terrifying heads’: See Note to st. 10/5 above. Landnámabók (Ldn, ÍF 1, 313), contains an instructive section on the terror that these heads could inspire: Þat var upphaf hinna heiðnu laga, at menn skyldi eigi hafa hǫfuðskip í haf, en ef þeir hefði, þá skyldi þeir af taka hǫfuð, áðr þeir kœmi í landsýn, ok sigla eigi at landi með gapandi hǫfðum eða gínandi trjónum, svá at landvættir fælisk við ‘That was the opening [section] of the pagan laws, that people must not have ships with heads when setting out to sea. But if they did, then they must take off the heads before they sighted land and not sail toward land with gaping heads or yawning mouths, so that the guardian spirits of the land would be frightened’.
Ræðr ‘You rule’
(not checked:)
ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide
en ‘and’
(not checked:)
2. en (conj.): but, and
ræsir ‘regent’
(not checked:)
ræsir (noun m.): ruler
œðri ‘a nobler’
(not checked:)
œðri (adj. comp.): nobler, higher
rístr ‘carve’
(not checked:)
rísta (verb): carve, raise
[6] rístr: so H, Hr, FskAˣ, ríkr Mork, Flat, ristum FskBˣ
sæ ‘sea’
(not checked:)
sjór (noun m.): sea
kaldan ‘the cold’
(not checked:)
kaldr (adj.; °compar. -ari): cold
sveit ‘company’
(not checked:)
sveit (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): host, company
sínum ‘their’
(not checked:)
3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
dróttni ‘lord’
(not checked:)
dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master
snjǫll ‘the valiant’
(not checked:)
snjallr (adj.): quick, resourceful, bold
Nóregi ‘Norway’
(not checked:)
Noregr (noun m.): Norway
ǫllum ‘all’
(not checked:)
allr (adj.): all
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
As above. In SnE (Skm) hrǫnn is given as a heiti for ‘wave’.
Stanza/chapter/text segment
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
Information tab
- text: if the stanza has been published, the edited text of the stanza and translation are here; if it hasn't been published an old edition (usually Skj) is given for reference
- sources: a list of the manuscripts or inscriptions containing this stanza, with page and line references and links (eye button) to images where available, and transcription where available
- readings: a list of variant manuscript readings of words in the main text
- editions and texts: a list of editions of the stanza with links to the bibliography; and a list of prose works in which the stanza occurs, allowing you to navigate within the prose context
- notes and context: notes not linked to individual words are given here, along with the account of the prose context for the stanza, where relevant
Interactive tab
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
Full text tab
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
Chapter/text segment
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.