Anon Líkn 24VII
George S. Tate (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Líknarbraut 24’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 254-5.
Lands ‘of the earth’
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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
kennings
Guðblíðr gramr lands‘The godly-tender king of the earth ’
= God
The godly-tender king of the earth → God
sté ‘ascended’
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stíga (verb): step
gramr ‘king’
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
kennings
Guðblíðr gramr lands‘The godly-tender king of the earth ’
= God
The godly-tender king of the earth → God
af ‘from’
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af (prep.): from
grundu ‘the ground’
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grund (noun f.): earth, land
guð ‘The godly’
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1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God < guðblíðr (adj.)
kennings
Guðblíðr gramr lands‘The godly-tender king of the earth ’
= God
The godly-tender king of the earth → God
blíðr ‘tender’
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blíðr (adj.; °n. sg. nom. & acc. blítt/blíðt; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): gentle, happy < guðblíðr (adj.)
kennings
Guðblíðr gramr lands‘The godly-tender king of the earth ’
= God
The godly-tender king of the earth → God
dögum ‘days’
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dagr (noun m.; °-s, dat. degi/dag/dagi(Thom¹ 332¹n.); -ar): day
síðarr ‘later’
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síðarr (adv.): later
eykz ‘is increased’
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1. auka (verb; °eykr; jók, jóku/juku): (str. intrans.) increase
[3] eykz: ‘eyksz’ B, ‘eyks ok’ 399a‑bˣ
notes
[3] eykz ‘is increased’: Following 399a-bˣ, Sveinbjörn Egilsson construes the final <z> of ms. ‘eyksz’ as Tironian nota, i.e. eyks ok ‘is also increased’.
af ‘by’
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af (prep.): from
öllu ‘all’
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allr (adj.): all
notes
[3] slíku ‘such’: Proposed by Sveinbjörn Egilsson, the restoration has been accepted by all subsequent eds; the referent is unspecified.
notes
[4] ór ‘our’: Ms. ‘vo᷎r’ (vár); normalisation as variant ór allows rhyme with fjórum and vowel alliteration with eykz and öllu (l. 3).
hjálp ‘salvation’
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hjǫlp (noun f.; °hjalpar; hjalpir/hjalpar): help, salvation
fjórum ‘for’
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fjórir (num. cardinal): four
Fróns ‘of the earth’s’
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2. frón (noun n.): earth, land
kennings
sikling* fróns tjalds‘the king of the earth’s tent [to be] ’
= God
the earth’s tent [to be] → SKY/HEAVEN
the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Fróns ‘of the earth’s’
(not checked:)
2. frón (noun n.): earth, land
kennings
sikling* fróns tjalds‘the king of the earth’s tent [to be] ’
= God
the earth’s tent [to be] → SKY/HEAVEN
the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
skal ‘must’
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skulu (verb): shall, should, must
sikling* ‘the king’
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siklingr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, ruler
[5] sikling*: siklings B, 399a‑bˣ
kennings
sikling* fróns tjalds‘the king of the earth’s tent [to be] ’
= God
the earth’s tent [to be] → SKY/HEAVEN
the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[5] sikling* ‘king’: Ms. siklings; Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s emendation has been accepted by all subsequent eds. Salvaging the ms. reading leaves one with a strained construction: sveit siklings fróns tjalds, hin er vill leita Krists í tignarveldi sínu, skal trúa mann ok guð sannan ‘the company of the king of the earth’s tent, which desires to seek Christ in his glorious power, must believe man and God true’.
sínu ‘his’
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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
sveit ‘The company’
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sveit (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): host, company
hin ‘’
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2. inn (art.): the
er ‘that’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
Krists ‘Christ’
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Kristr (noun m.; °-s/-, dat. -i; -ar): Christ
vill ‘wishes’
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vilja (verb): want, intend
leita ‘to seek’
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leita (verb): seek, look for, attack
tjalds ‘tent’
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tjald (noun n.; °-s; *-): tent, awning
[7] tjalds: ‘tialld[...]’ B, tjaldṣ 399a‑bˣ
kennings
sikling* fróns tjalds‘the king of the earth’s tent [to be] ’
= God
the earth’s tent [to be] → SKY/HEAVEN
the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
tjalds ‘tent’
(not checked:)
tjald (noun n.; °-s; *-): tent, awning
[7] tjalds: ‘tialld[...]’ B, tjaldṣ 399a‑bˣ
kennings
sikling* fróns tjalds‘the king of the earth’s tent [to be] ’
= God
the earth’s tent [to be] → SKY/HEAVEN
the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
tígnar ‘glorious’
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tígn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): honour < tígnarveldi (noun n.)
veldi ‘power’
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veldi (noun n.): realm < tígnarveldi (noun n.)
trúa ‘believe’
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2. trúa (verb): to believe (in)
notes
[8] trúa sannan mann ok guð ‘believe [him to be] true man and [true] God’: The adj. sannan ‘true’ can qualify both mann ‘man’ and guð ‘God’, or only one of the two nouns. Although in the Nicene Creed ‘true’ qualifies only God: Deum verum de deo vero ... et homo factus est ‘true God of true God ... and was made man’, the later Council of Chalcedon (451) assigns ‘true’ to Christ’s human nature as well. This position is reflected in a number of Lat. and ON texts. See e.g. the hymn ll. Ut deus verus / homo verus fieret ‘that he might become true God and true man’ (Mone 1853-5, I, 113/5), Mar (Unger 1871, 416) hann er ... sannr guð ok sannr maðr ‘he is ... true God and true man’, and Mdr 16/8 guð og mann borinn sannan ‘true God and man born [of your womb]’.
mann ‘man’
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
notes
[8] trúa sannan mann ok guð ‘believe [him to be] true man and [true] God’: The adj. sannan ‘true’ can qualify both mann ‘man’ and guð ‘God’, or only one of the two nouns. Although in the Nicene Creed ‘true’ qualifies only God: Deum verum de deo vero ... et homo factus est ‘true God of true God ... and was made man’, the later Council of Chalcedon (451) assigns ‘true’ to Christ’s human nature as well. This position is reflected in a number of Lat. and ON texts. See e.g. the hymn ll. Ut deus verus / homo verus fieret ‘that he might become true God and true man’ (Mone 1853-5, I, 113/5), Mar (Unger 1871, 416) hann er ... sannr guð ok sannr maðr ‘he is ... true God and true man’, and Mdr 16/8 guð og mann borinn sannan ‘true God and man born [of your womb]’.
ok ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
notes
[8] trúa sannan mann ok guð ‘believe [him to be] true man and [true] God’: The adj. sannan ‘true’ can qualify both mann ‘man’ and guð ‘God’, or only one of the two nouns. Although in the Nicene Creed ‘true’ qualifies only God: Deum verum de deo vero ... et homo factus est ‘true God of true God ... and was made man’, the later Council of Chalcedon (451) assigns ‘true’ to Christ’s human nature as well. This position is reflected in a number of Lat. and ON texts. See e.g. the hymn ll. Ut deus verus / homo verus fieret ‘that he might become true God and true man’ (Mone 1853-5, I, 113/5), Mar (Unger 1871, 416) hann er ... sannr guð ok sannr maðr ‘he is ... true God and true man’, and Mdr 16/8 guð og mann borinn sannan ‘true God and man born [of your womb]’.
guð ‘God’
(not checked:)
1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God
notes
[8] trúa sannan mann ok guð ‘believe [him to be] true man and [true] God’: The adj. sannan ‘true’ can qualify both mann ‘man’ and guð ‘God’, or only one of the two nouns. Although in the Nicene Creed ‘true’ qualifies only God: Deum verum de deo vero ... et homo factus est ‘true God of true God ... and was made man’, the later Council of Chalcedon (451) assigns ‘true’ to Christ’s human nature as well. This position is reflected in a number of Lat. and ON texts. See e.g. the hymn ll. Ut deus verus / homo verus fieret ‘that he might become true God and true man’ (Mone 1853-5, I, 113/5), Mar (Unger 1871, 416) hann er ... sannr guð ok sannr maðr ‘he is ... true God and true man’, and Mdr 16/8 guð og mann borinn sannan ‘true God and man born [of your womb]’.
sannan ‘true’
(not checked:)
2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true
notes
[8] trúa sannan mann ok guð ‘believe [him to be] true man and [true] God’: The adj. sannan ‘true’ can qualify both mann ‘man’ and guð ‘God’, or only one of the two nouns. Although in the Nicene Creed ‘true’ qualifies only God: Deum verum de deo vero ... et homo factus est ‘true God of true God ... and was made man’, the later Council of Chalcedon (451) assigns ‘true’ to Christ’s human nature as well. This position is reflected in a number of Lat. and ON texts. See e.g. the hymn ll. Ut deus verus / homo verus fieret ‘that he might become true God and true man’ (Mone 1853-5, I, 113/5), Mar (Unger 1871, 416) hann er ... sannr guð ok sannr maðr ‘he is ... true God and true man’, and Mdr 16/8 guð og mann borinn sannan ‘true God and man born [of your womb]’.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
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Lands sté gramr af grundu |
The godly-tender king of the earth [= God (= Christ)] ascended from the ground forty days later; our salvation is increased by all such [acts]. The company that wishes to seek Christ must believe the king of the earth’s tent [SKY/HEAVEN > = God (= Christ)] [to be] true man and [true] God in his glorious power.
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