Gamlkan Has 7VII
Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 7’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 78-80.
Ungr ‘as a young man’
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ungr (adj.): young
vǫndumk ‘developed the habit’
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vanda (verb): fashion, execute
ek ‘I’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
yngvi ‘Prince’
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yngvi (noun m.): prince
kennings
Yngvi þjóðar,‘Prince of the people, ’
= God
Prince of the people, → God
opt ‘often’
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opt (adv.): often
erfiliga ‘with difficulty’
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erfiðligr (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. -astr): [with difficulty]
djarf*liga ‘presumptuously’
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djarfligr (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. -st-): [presumptuously]
[2] djarf*liga: ‘erfilega’ B
notes
[2] djarf*liga ‘boldly, presumptuously’: It is not possible to make sense of B’s reading opt erfiliga ‘often with difficulty’ in this context, and various suggestions for emendation have been made. Finnur Jónsson modifies Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s ofderfilega (1844, adopted by Kempff 1867, 2) to ofderfil*a, hap. leg., which he glosses dristigt ‘boldly, audaciously’ (LP). Kock (NN §2928) suggests ofherfliga ‘very wickedly’, comparing Gamli’s confession of sinful behaviour in 53/3-4 þótt atferðin ór yrði stórum herfilig ‘even though my behaviour were to become very shameful’. Jón Helgason (1935-6, 253-4) observes that the poet often uses phrases with opt, and suggests a further emendation of Finnur’s text to opt derfila ‘often presumptuously’. Since derfila is not otherwise attested, he makes two alternative suggestions: óþerfila ‘useless, inconvenient’ and opt djarfliga ‘often presumptuously’. Although emendation to opt djarfliga necessitates a further emendation, to hvarfa, to satisfy the aðalhending in l. 2, this edn, with Black (1971, 154), follows Jón’s suggestion, on the ground that it preserves B’s opt.
at ‘of’
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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
hverfa ‘///’
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1. hverfa (verb): turn, disappear
lítt ‘little heed’
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lítill (adj.; °lítinn): little
gáðak ‘I paid’
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gœða (verb): endow
[3] gáðak (‘gáði ek’): so 399a‑bˣ, ‘ga[...]ek’ B, ‘ga(...)æk’(?) BRydberg, ‘ga(da) ek’(?) BFJ
þá ‘then’
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2. þá (adv.): then
þjóðar ‘of the people’
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þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
kennings
Yngvi þjóðar,‘Prince of the people, ’
= God
Prince of the people, → God
þín ‘you’
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þinn (pron.; °f. þín, n. þitt): your
ept ‘according to’
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eptir (prep.): after, behind
vilja ‘desire’
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vilja (verb): want, intend
mínum ‘my’
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minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my
Enn ‘Further’
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2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again
snørak ‘turned’
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snúa (verb): turn
jafnan ‘always’
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jafnan (adv.): always
illt ‘evil’
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illr (adj.): bad, evil, unwell
ráð ‘counsel’
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ráð (noun n.; °-s; -): advice, plan, control, power
þás ‘when’
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2. þá (adv.): then
mik ‘my heart’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
villti ‘led’
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2. villa (verb): lead astray, lead
dýrð ‘glory’
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dýrð (noun f.; °-ar/-a(NoDipl(1279) 44²); -ir): glory < dýrðhittandi (noun m.)
hittandi ‘finding’
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hitta (verb): meet, encounter < dýrðhittandi (noun m.)
dróttinn ‘Lord’
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dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master
dáð ‘deed’
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dáð (noun f.; °; -ir): feat, deed < dáðrakkr (adj.): °virtuous, upright
rakkr ‘bold’
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rakkr (adj.; °compar. -ari): bold < dáðrakkr (adj.): °virtuous, upright
við ‘on’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
þér ‘you’
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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
hnakka ‘my back’
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hnakki (noun m.; °-a): neck
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Repentance for sins committed in youth is a common feature of biblical confessions. Job, for example, mentions the possibility that his sufferings are intended as a punishment for youthful sins: scribis enim contra me amaritudines et consumere me vis peccatis adulescentiae meae ‘for thou writest bitter things against me, and wilt consume me for the sins of my youth’ (Job XIII.26). Perhaps a more likely source for Gamli’s inspiration is the Penitential Psalm XXIV, which contains the verse delicta iuventutis meae et ignorantias meas ne memineris secundum misericordiam tuam memento mei tu; propter bonitatem tuam Domine ‘the sins of my youth and my ignorances do not remember. According to thy mercy remember thou me: for thy goodness’ sake, O Lord’ (Ps. XXIV.7).
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