Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 4

Katrina Attwood

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Gamlkan Has 4^VII

Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 4’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 76.

Gamli kanóki Harmsól

3 4 5

kennings

hæstr stillandi hnossa himins —
‘highest regulator of the ornaments of heaven — ’
= God
the ornaments of heaven — → HEAVENLY BODIES
highest regulator of HEAVENLY BODIES → God

hnossa ‘of the ornaments’

(not checked:)
1. hnoss (noun f.; °; -ir): treasure

kennings

hæstr stillandi hnossa himins —
‘highest regulator of the ornaments of heaven — ’
= God
the ornaments of heaven — → HEAVENLY BODIES
highest regulator of HEAVENLY BODIES → God

himins ‘of heaven’

(not checked:)
himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky

kennings

hæstr stillandi hnossa himins —
‘highest regulator of the ornaments of heaven — ’
= God
the ornaments of heaven — → HEAVENLY BODIES
highest regulator of HEAVENLY BODIES → God

himins ‘of heaven’

(not checked:)
himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky

kennings

hæstr stillandi hnossa himins —
‘highest regulator of the ornaments of heaven — ’
= God
the ornaments of heaven — → HEAVENLY BODIES
highest regulator of HEAVENLY BODIES → God

stillandi ‘regulator’

(not checked:)
stillandi (noun m.): [regulator]

kennings

hæstr stillandi hnossa himins —
‘highest regulator of the ornaments of heaven — ’
= God
the ornaments of heaven — → HEAVENLY BODIES
highest regulator of HEAVENLY BODIES → God

hollrar ‘for wholesome’

(not checked:)
hollr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): loyal

hæstr ‘highest’

(not checked:)
hœgri (adj. comp.): higher, highest

[4] hæstr: ‘he᷎st’ all

kennings

hæstr stillandi hnossa himins —
‘highest regulator of the ornaments of heaven — ’
= God
the ornaments of heaven — → HEAVENLY BODIES
highest regulator of HEAVENLY BODIES → God

notes

[4] hæstr ‘highest’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (note in 444ˣ) suggests that B drops the final ‘r’ for the sake of euphony. He corrects to hæstr, m. sg. nom. of the sup. of hár (adj.) ‘high’. This emendation has been adopted by all subsequent eds.

miskunnar ‘grace’

(not checked:)
miskunn (noun f.; °-ar; gen. -a): forgiveness, mercy, grace

æsta ‘to ask’

(not checked:)
æsta (verb): ask, request

þótt ‘though’

(not checked:)
þó (adv.): though

óverðum ‘with unworthy’

(not checked:)
óverðr (adj.): undeserving

orðum ‘words’

(not checked:)
orð (noun n.; °-s; -): word

ítr ‘glorious’

(not checked:)
ítr (adj.): glorious

kennings

ítr fylkir veðrhallar,
‘glorious king of the storm-hall, ’
= God
the storm-hall, → SKY/HEAVEN
glorious king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

fylkir ‘king’

(not checked:)
fylkir (noun m.): leader

[6] fylkir: so 399a‑bˣ, BFJ, ‘[...]lker’ B, (fý)lkir(?) BRydberg

kennings

ítr fylkir veðrhallar,
‘glorious king of the storm-hall, ’
= God
the storm-hall, → SKY/HEAVEN
glorious king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

mik ‘me’

(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

líta ‘see’

(not checked:)
líta (verb): look, see; appear

lítir ‘you see’

(not checked:)
líta (verb): look, see; appear

[6] lítir: líta B

víst ‘surely’

(not checked:)
1. víss (adj.): wise, certain(ly)

notes

[7] víst fyr vás ok lǫstu: Cf. Anon Líkn 12/7: víst fyr vára lǫstu ‘surely on account of our flaws’.

fyr ‘because of’

(not checked:)
fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.

[7] fyr: so 399a‑bˣ, BRydberg, BFJ, ‘[...]r’ B

notes

[7] víst fyr vás ok lǫstu: Cf. Anon Líkn 12/7: víst fyr vára lǫstu ‘surely on account of our flaws’.

vás ‘sinfulness’

(not checked:)
vás (noun n.; °-s; dat. -um): hardship

[7] vás: ‘[...]os’ B, ‘vos’ 399a‑bˣ, ‘(v)os’(?) BRydberg, BFJ

notes

[7] víst fyr vás ok lǫstu: Cf. Anon Líkn 12/7: víst fyr vára lǫstu ‘surely on account of our flaws’.

ok ‘and’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

notes

[7] víst fyr vás ok lǫstu: Cf. Anon Líkn 12/7: víst fyr vára lǫstu ‘surely on account of our flaws’.

lǫstu ‘flaws’

(not checked:)
lǫstr (noun m.; °lastar, dat. lesti/lǫst; lestir, acc. lǫstu/lasta(Mar655XXXII 462)): fault, sin

notes

[7] víst fyr vás ok lǫstu: Cf. Anon Líkn 12/7: víst fyr vára lǫstu ‘surely on account of our flaws’.

veðr ‘of the storm’

(not checked:)
2. veðr (noun n.; °-s; -): weather, wind, storm < veðrhǫll (noun f.)

kennings

ítr fylkir veðrhallar,
‘glorious king of the storm-hall, ’
= God
the storm-hall, → SKY/HEAVEN
glorious king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

veðr ‘of the storm’

(not checked:)
2. veðr (noun n.; °-s; -): weather, wind, storm < veðrhǫll (noun f.)

kennings

ítr fylkir veðrhallar,
‘glorious king of the storm-hall, ’
= God
the storm-hall, → SKY/HEAVEN
glorious king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

hallar ‘hall’

(not checked:)
1. hǫll (noun f.; °hallar, dat. -u/-; hallir): hall < veðrhǫll (noun f.)

kennings

ítr fylkir veðrhallar,
‘glorious king of the storm-hall, ’
= God
the storm-hall, → SKY/HEAVEN
glorious king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

hallar ‘hall’

(not checked:)
1. hǫll (noun f.; °hallar, dat. -u/-; hallir): hall < veðrhǫll (noun f.)

kennings

ítr fylkir veðrhallar,
‘glorious king of the storm-hall, ’
= God
the storm-hall, → SKY/HEAVEN
glorious king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

þik ‘on you’

(not checked:)
þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you

kveðja ‘call’

(not checked:)
2. kveðja (verb; kvaddi): (dd) request, address, greet

[8] kveðja: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘kue[...]ia’ B, ‘kue(d)ia’(?) BRydberg, BFJ

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

[2-4]: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) understands hnossa hollrar miskunnar ‘ornaments of wholesome mercy’ as the object of the verb æsta, which takes the gen. of the thing requested (l. 4), and he translates din kendte miskundheds goder ‘the benefits of your well-known mercy’. Jón Helgason (1935-6, 252), anticipated by Kempff (1867, 24) takes hnossa ‘ornaments’ to be part of the God-kenning stillandi hnossa himins ‘regulator of the ornaments of heaven’. This recalls the God-kenning harri fagrgims hás hreggranns ‘king of the fair jewel of the high storm-house [SKY/HEAVEN > SUN > = God]’ in Leið 2/1-4. This arrangement is adopted by Kock (NN §2927) and Black (1971, 144). In NN §2803, Kock suggests the arrangement hollrar miskunnar ok hnossa eirar ‘of wholesome mercy and treasures of clemency’, which he rejects in §2927.

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Gamlkan Has 4VII

Mér ‘on my own behalf’

vil ‘wish’

ek ‘I’

ok ‘and’

eirar ‘clemency’

oss ‘for us [me]’

byrjar ‘is fitting’

þat ‘that’

hnossa ‘of the ornaments’

kennings

hnossa ‘of the ornaments’

kennings

himins ‘of heaven’

kennings

himins ‘of heaven’

kennings

stillandi ‘regulator’

kennings

hollrar ‘for wholesome’

hæstr ‘highest’

kennings

notes

miskunnar ‘grace’

æsta ‘to ask’

þótt ‘though’

óverðum ‘with unworthy’

orðum ‘words’

ítr ‘glorious’

kennings

fylkir ‘king’

kennings

mik ‘me’

líta ‘see’

lítir ‘you see’

víst ‘surely’

notes

fyr ‘because of’

notes

vás ‘sinfulness’

notes

ok ‘and’

notes

lǫstu ‘flaws’

notes

veðr ‘of the storm’

kennings

veðr ‘of the storm’

kennings

hallar ‘hall’

kennings

hallar ‘hall’

kennings

þik ‘on you’

kveðja ‘call’

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Gamlkan Has 4^VII