Valgerður Erna Þorvaldsdóttir (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Brúðkaupsvísur 12’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 537-8.
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kirkja (noun f.): church
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sœkja (verb): seek, attack
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krossmark (noun n.): sign of the cross
[1] krossmarks: krossmark 721
[1] krossmarks ‘sign of the cross’: As Jón Helgason pointed out, the word must be in gen., not nom. as it is the determinant of the kenning kennir krossmarks ‘the knower of the sign of the cross’. This kenning could denote a priest or monk, rather than a devout layman; see Note to st. 6.
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kennir (noun m.): teacher
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2. en (conj.): but, and
[3] byggvis ‘inhabitant’: This is the base-word of a kenning qualifying brúðmenn ‘groomsmen’ and must therefore be in the gen. sg. indicating possession. Emendation suggested by Jón Helgason.
[3] skyldu ‘had to, were supposed to’: The verb skulu refers to the brúðmenn (m. pl.) (Mar 1871, 119: boðsmenn) and is therefore emended from 3rd pers. sg. skyldi in the mss to 3rd pers. pl. skyldu.
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byrr (noun m.; °-jar/-s; -ir, acc. -i/-u(SigrVal 188¹³)): favourable wind < byrviggr (noun m.)
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byrr (noun m.; °-jar/-s; -ir, acc. -i/-u(SigrVal 188¹³)): favourable wind < byrviggr (noun m.)
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vigg (noun n.): steed < byrviggr (noun m.)
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vigg (noun n.): steed < byrviggr (noun m.)
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bíða (verb; °bíðr; beið, biðu; beðit): wait, suffer, experience
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2. unz (conj.): until
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
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1. lúka (verb): end, close
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1. tíð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time
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hǫfgi (noun m.; °-a): drowsiness, slumber
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2. renna (verb): run (strong)
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3. á (prep.): on, at
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seggr (noun m.; °; -ir): man
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sýnn (adj.): visible
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sofa (verb): sleep
[6] gjörði ‘did’: The scribe of 2166ˣ writes náði ‘could, managed’ in the main text, but gjörði in the margin. Jón Helgason chose the reading náði for the sake of the rhyme.
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stund (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): time, hour
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2. þá (adv.): then
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byrr (noun m.; °-jar/-s; -ir, acc. -i/-u(SigrVal 188¹³)): favourable wind
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byrr (noun m.; °-jar/-s; -ir, acc. -i/-u(SigrVal 188¹³)): favourable wind
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
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3. á (prep.): on, at
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bœn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): request, prayer
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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1. blakkr (noun m.): horse < blakkþollr (noun m.)
[8] blakkþollr: so 399a‑bˣ, 2166ˣ, blakkþoll 721, 1032ˣ
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1. blakkr (noun m.): horse < blakkþollr (noun m.)
[8] blakkþollr: so 399a‑bˣ, 2166ˣ, blakkþoll 721, 1032ˣ
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þollr (noun m.): fir-tree < blakkþollr (noun m.)
[8] blakkþollr: so 399a‑bˣ, 2166ˣ, blakkþoll 721, 1032ˣ
[8] -þollr ‘tree’: Nom. is required, since this is the base-word of the kenning and subject of its cl.
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geð (noun n.): mind < geðrakkr (adj.): [valiant]
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rakkr (adj.; °compar. -ari): bold < geðrakkr (adj.): [valiant]
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Kirkju sótti krossmarks |
The knower of the sign of the cross [HOLY MAN] attended church, but the groomsmen of the inhabitant of the wind-horse [SHIP > SEAFARER] had to wait until he finished his devotions. An evident drowsiness came over the man, who was at prayer; the mind-bold tree of the horse of the wind [(lit. ‘horse-tree of the wind’) SHIP > SEAFARER] then did sleep for a while.
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