Þul Elds 1^III

Gims ‘for blaze’

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gim (noun n.): gem, jewel

[1] Gims: ‘[…]jms’ B, ‘Gj́ms’ 744ˣ

notes

[1] heiti gims ‘the names for blaze’: The beginning of the þula is of a rare type because the first heiti in the list, gim n. ‘blaze, fire’, (its ‘title’) is not a common word but a poetic one that is not used in prose.

heiti ‘the names’

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heiti (noun n.): name, promise

notes

[1] heiti gims ‘the names for blaze’: The beginning of the þula is of a rare type because the first heiti in the list, gim n. ‘blaze, fire’, (its ‘title’) is not a common word but a poetic one that is not used in prose.

vilk ‘I will’

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vilja (verb): want, intend

greppum ‘men’

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greppr (noun m.; °; -ar): poet, man

segja ‘tell’

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segja (verb): say, tell

Ægis ‘of Ægir’

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Ægir (noun m.): Ægir, sea

notes

[3-4] bróðir Ægis ok élreka ‘brother of Ægir <sea-giant> and of storm-driver’: Here, as in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 39), fire (eldr), wind (élreki) and sea (Ægir) are represented as three brothers, sons of the giant Fornjótr (see Notes to Þul Jǫtna I 3/5, Þul Veðra 1/8 and Sveinn Norðrdr 2/2). In Skm (loc. cit.), fire is also called bróðir vinds ok Ægis ‘brother of the wind and of Ægir’ (for Ægir see Þul Sjóvar 1/2). Thus the m. nom. élreki ‘storm-driver’ in A is incorrect, since this is a term for ‘wind’ and not for ‘fire’ (cf. Þul Veðra 1/2), and the B variant élreka (gen.) has been adopted here. Neither of these poetic terms, which are rather mythological kennings than heiti, is otherwise used in poetry. The B variant bróður ‘brother’ (here most likely in the gen.) may indicate a connection with heiti gims ‘the names for blaze’ in l. 1 and suggests that, in B, ll. 3-4 were regarded as belonging to the introductory clause of the þula rather than to the list of fire-heiti proper (‘I will tell men the names of blaze, of the brother of Ægir and of storm-driver’). It seems that Þul Elds, like most other þulur, originally started with the most common term for ‘fire’, i.e. eldr (cf. the initial position of this word in l. 5), while the introduction (ll. 1-4) was probably an addition by a later compiler (cf. Gurevich 2008, 356-9).

bróðir ‘brother’

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bróðir (noun m.; °bróður/brǿðr/bróðurs, dat. bróður/brǿðr/breðr, acc. bróður/brǿðr; brǿðr/bróðr/breðr (brǿðrirnir Jvs291 75¹⁴), gen. brǿ---): brother

[3] bróðir: bróður B

notes

[3-4] bróðir Ægis ok élreka ‘brother of Ægir <sea-giant> and of storm-driver’: Here, as in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 39), fire (eldr), wind (élreki) and sea (Ægir) are represented as three brothers, sons of the giant Fornjótr (see Notes to Þul Jǫtna I 3/5, Þul Veðra 1/8 and Sveinn Norðrdr 2/2). In Skm (loc. cit.), fire is also called bróðir vinds ok Ægis ‘brother of the wind and of Ægir’ (for Ægir see Þul Sjóvar 1/2). Thus the m. nom. élreki ‘storm-driver’ in A is incorrect, since this is a term for ‘wind’ and not for ‘fire’ (cf. Þul Veðra 1/2), and the B variant élreka (gen.) has been adopted here. Neither of these poetic terms, which are rather mythological kennings than heiti, is otherwise used in poetry. The B variant bróður ‘brother’ (here most likely in the gen.) may indicate a connection with heiti gims ‘the names for blaze’ in l. 1 and suggests that, in B, ll. 3-4 were regarded as belonging to the introductory clause of the þula rather than to the list of fire-heiti proper (‘I will tell men the names of blaze, of the brother of Ægir and of storm-driver’). It seems that Þul Elds, like most other þulur, originally started with the most common term for ‘fire’, i.e. eldr (cf. the initial position of this word in l. 5), while the introduction (ll. 1-4) was probably an addition by a later compiler (cf. Gurevich 2008, 356-9).

ok ‘and’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

notes

[3-4] bróðir Ægis ok élreka ‘brother of Ægir <sea-giant> and of storm-driver’: Here, as in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 39), fire (eldr), wind (élreki) and sea (Ægir) are represented as three brothers, sons of the giant Fornjótr (see Notes to Þul Jǫtna I 3/5, Þul Veðra 1/8 and Sveinn Norðrdr 2/2). In Skm (loc. cit.), fire is also called bróðir vinds ok Ægis ‘brother of the wind and of Ægir’ (for Ægir see Þul Sjóvar 1/2). Thus the m. nom. élreki ‘storm-driver’ in A is incorrect, since this is a term for ‘wind’ and not for ‘fire’ (cf. Þul Veðra 1/2), and the B variant élreka (gen.) has been adopted here. Neither of these poetic terms, which are rather mythological kennings than heiti, is otherwise used in poetry. The B variant bróður ‘brother’ (here most likely in the gen.) may indicate a connection with heiti gims ‘the names for blaze’ in l. 1 and suggests that, in B, ll. 3-4 were regarded as belonging to the introductory clause of the þula rather than to the list of fire-heiti proper (‘I will tell men the names of blaze, of the brother of Ægir and of storm-driver’). It seems that Þul Elds, like most other þulur, originally started with the most common term for ‘fire’, i.e. eldr (cf. the initial position of this word in l. 5), while the introduction (ll. 1-4) was probably an addition by a later compiler (cf. Gurevich 2008, 356-9).

él ‘of storm’

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él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm < élreki (noun m.): storm-driver

notes

[3-4] bróðir Ægis ok élreka ‘brother of Ægir <sea-giant> and of storm-driver’: Here, as in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 39), fire (eldr), wind (élreki) and sea (Ægir) are represented as three brothers, sons of the giant Fornjótr (see Notes to Þul Jǫtna I 3/5, Þul Veðra 1/8 and Sveinn Norðrdr 2/2). In Skm (loc. cit.), fire is also called bróðir vinds ok Ægis ‘brother of the wind and of Ægir’ (for Ægir see Þul Sjóvar 1/2). Thus the m. nom. élreki ‘storm-driver’ in A is incorrect, since this is a term for ‘wind’ and not for ‘fire’ (cf. Þul Veðra 1/2), and the B variant élreka (gen.) has been adopted here. Neither of these poetic terms, which are rather mythological kennings than heiti, is otherwise used in poetry. The B variant bróður ‘brother’ (here most likely in the gen.) may indicate a connection with heiti gims ‘the names for blaze’ in l. 1 and suggests that, in B, ll. 3-4 were regarded as belonging to the introductory clause of the þula rather than to the list of fire-heiti proper (‘I will tell men the names of blaze, of the brother of Ægir and of storm-driver’). It seems that Þul Elds, like most other þulur, originally started with the most common term for ‘fire’, i.e. eldr (cf. the initial position of this word in l. 5), while the introduction (ll. 1-4) was probably an addition by a later compiler (cf. Gurevich 2008, 356-9).

reka ‘driver’

(not checked:)
reki (noun m.; °-a; -ar): ruler < élreki (noun m.): storm-driver

[4] ‑reka: so B, ‑reki A

notes

[3-4] bróðir Ægis ok élreka ‘brother of Ægir <sea-giant> and of storm-driver’: Here, as in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 39), fire (eldr), wind (élreki) and sea (Ægir) are represented as three brothers, sons of the giant Fornjótr (see Notes to Þul Jǫtna I 3/5, Þul Veðra 1/8 and Sveinn Norðrdr 2/2). In Skm (loc. cit.), fire is also called bróðir vinds ok Ægis ‘brother of the wind and of Ægir’ (for Ægir see Þul Sjóvar 1/2). Thus the m. nom. élreki ‘storm-driver’ in A is incorrect, since this is a term for ‘wind’ and not for ‘fire’ (cf. Þul Veðra 1/2), and the B variant élreka (gen.) has been adopted here. Neither of these poetic terms, which are rather mythological kennings than heiti, is otherwise used in poetry. The B variant bróður ‘brother’ (here most likely in the gen.) may indicate a connection with heiti gims ‘the names for blaze’ in l. 1 and suggests that, in B, ll. 3-4 were regarded as belonging to the introductory clause of the þula rather than to the list of fire-heiti proper (‘I will tell men the names of blaze, of the brother of Ægir and of storm-driver’). It seems that Þul Elds, like most other þulur, originally started with the most common term for ‘fire’, i.e. eldr (cf. the initial position of this word in l. 5), while the introduction (ll. 1-4) was probably an addition by a later compiler (cf. Gurevich 2008, 356-9).

eldr ‘fire’

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eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹‰(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire

eimr ‘smoke’

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eimr (noun m.): fire, smoke

usli ‘conflagration’

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usli (noun m.; °-a): °gløder, glødende aske, brandtomt, brand; (Fr def. 2 “anrettet eller tilføiet Skade” => Fld. II, 181; Frost. 13, 21; cf. auvisli sb. m.)

úði ‘swarming’

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úði (noun m.)

notes

[6] úði (m.) ‘swarming’: A hap. leg. Cf. ModIcel. úði ‘drizzling rain’. According to AEW: úði, the word may be related to ýja, úa ‘swarm’ (hence úði perhaps refers to flying sparks). For a different interpretation, see Holthausen (1948, 325).

skerkir ‘noise-maker’

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skerkir (noun m.): Skerkir, noise-maker

[6] skerkir: herkir B

notes

[6] skerkir (m.) ‘noise-maker’: Agent noun from a weak verb *skerkja ‘make noise’ (see Note to Þul Sverða 2/1). It is also the name of a giant (Þul Jǫtna I 4/4). Ms. B has the synonymous word herkir (from hark ‘tumult’; cf. harkr ‘crackling one’, st. 3/4 below), which, like the name Skerkir, is also found among the giant-names (Þul Jǫtna I 2/3). Neither of these heiti is otherwise used in poetry. RE 1665 has herkir (‘Herkier’) but omits skerkir, which could indicate that the latter is an innovation in A.

hrǫtuðr ‘stumbler’

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hrǫtuðr (noun m.)

[7] hrǫtuðr: ‘hrotudr’ B

notes

[7] hrǫtuðr (m.) ‘stumbler’: A hap. leg.; an agent noun derived from the weak verb hrata ‘stagger, fall, tumble’. Skj B and Skald have hvǫtuðr ‘instigator, inciter’, which could be an error (the reason for the emendation is unclear).

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

hrót ‘roof’

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hrót (noun n.): roof < hrótgandr (noun m.)

notes

[7] hrótgandr (m.) ‘roof-wolf’: A cpd not attested elsewhere and a kenning for ‘fire’ (cf. ÞjóðA Sex 21/8^II hrótgarmr ‘roof-hound [FIRE]’).

gandr ‘wolf’

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gandr (noun m.; °-s; dat. *-um): wolf, magic staff < hrótgandr (noun m.)

[7] ‑gandr: ‑garðr B

notes

[7] hrótgandr (m.) ‘roof-wolf’: A cpd not attested elsewhere and a kenning for ‘fire’ (cf. ÞjóðA Sex 21/8^II hrótgarmr ‘roof-hound [FIRE]’).

hrímnir ‘soot-maker’

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Hrímnir (noun m.): Hrímnir, sooty one

[8] hrímnir: hrímir B

notes

[8] hrímnir (m.) ‘soot-maker’: The heiti is possibly derived from hrím n. ‘soot’ (cf. the B variant hrímir). Alternatively, hrímnir could be interpreted as ‘noise-maker’; if so, the word is related to hreimr m. ‘scream, cry’. Hrímnir is also the name of a giant (see Þul Jǫtna I 1/5 and Note there) and a heiti for ‘boar’ and ‘hawk’ (Þul Galtar l. 2, Þul Hauks 1/4). The word is never used as a fire-heiti. In RE 1665, this heiti is rendered as ‘Hrymur’, i.e. Hrymr, the name of a giant in Vsp 50/1, which could be a corruption of hrímir (the B variant) but hardly of hrímnir.

eimi ‘vapour’

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eimr (noun m.): fire, smoke